Unit 2 Lessons in lifeGrammar（ppt课件）-2024新外研版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第四册.pptx

1、Unit 2Period 2Grammar课 前 导 入A:The bird is eating worms.B:How can you change the sentence into passive voice?A:Worms _ by the bird!Look at the dialogue and complete the sentences.are being eaten课 堂 学 习Passive voice1Look at the sentences from the reading passage and match them to the reasons why the p

2、assive voice is used.a On discovering that Morrie is being weakened by a severe illness,b Tuesdays with Morrie is just made up of a collection of over-emotional thoughts and messages,c A box of tissues will be needed to get through this book!1 The subject is not known,is unimportant,or is“people in

3、general”and can be omitted.2 The focus of the sentence is on the recipient of the action,not on the subject of the sentence.3 The subject goes with lengthy expressions that are better put at the end.cabNow look for more sentences with the passive voice in the reading passage and talk about why it is

4、 used.1.After finishing it,I feel I have been given a deeper insight into the world and can see things from a different point of view.2.Reading this book made me feel as if Id been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world!3.While we are living,we tend to get distracted by u

5、nimportant things,such as gathering material possessions.4.The book made me stop and think about how much I am influenced by popular culture and the importance of creating my own values based on love and open communication.【语法讲解】【语法讲解】动词的语态动词的语态(voices)动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态

6、。被动语态的各种时态及构成被动语态的各种时态及构成一般时进行时完成时现在am/is/are doneis/am/are being donehas/have been done过去was/were donewas/were being donehad been done将来shall/will be done无shall/will have been done主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀一般现、过用be done,be有人称、时、数变。完成时态have done,被动将been加中间。一般将来shall(will)do,被动变do为be done。将来进行无被动,sha

7、ll(will)be doing。现在完成进行同,have(has)been doing。现、过进行be doing,被动be加being done。情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变。否定助后加not,疑问一助置主前。主语恰是疑问词,直陈语序主在前。一般情助加be done,双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主,宾补、主补相应变。【巧学助记】【巧学助记】不同时态的被动语态1.现在进行时的被动语态现在进行时的被动语态(is/am/are being done)(1)现在进行时的被动语态可以表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的被动动作，还可以表示一种经常性或习惯性的被动行为，常与always,consta

8、ntly等连用，往往带有赞扬、责备、厌烦、埋怨等感情色彩。e.g.She is always being praised by the teacher.(2)现在进行时的被动语态还可以与情态动词连用，表示说话者对正在发生的被动行为的推测。e.g.He may be being interviewed in the office.【牛刀小试】1.The question _(discuss)at the meeting now.2.The children _(take care of)by their aunt.is being discussedare being taken care of

9、3.John is not here.He must _(interview).be being interviewed2.现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态(have/has+been+done)(1)现在完成时的被动语态是表示动作发生在过去，到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响，主语是行为动作的承受者。e.g.My computer has just been attacked by an unknown virus.我的电脑被一种不知名的病毒攻击。(2)表示强调的作用，强调动作已经完成并且对现在造成影响。经常和一些副词连用，如:already,ever,never,recently,ye

10、t等。一般是把这些副词放在has/have后面，或者句子的末尾。e.g.Toms novel has not been punished yet.【牛刀小试】2.The room _ already _(clean).3.The child _(take care of)by grandma all these years.1.The work _(do)by him.has been done hasbeen cleanedhas been taken care of 3.一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态(1)一般现在时的被动语态可以表示正在进行，比如有些表示状态、心理活动、情感等的

11、动词，常用一般现在时的被动语态表示正在进行。e.g.You are wanted on the phone.(2)“be+under/in/on+名词”这一结构也可以表示现在进行时被动语态的含义。e.g.The problem is under discussion now.=The problem is being discussed now.(3)有些动词进行时的主动形式就可以表示被动的含义，常见的有print,cook,fry,bake,burn,hang等。e.g.The house is burning.【牛刀小试】1.The new international airport is

12、 still _ construction.2.The meat _(cook).underis cooking4.过去进行时的被动语态过去进行时的被动语态(was/were being done)(1)过去进行时态的被动语态的同它的主动语态一样，表示过去正在进行的被动动作。e.g.Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday.(2)过去进行时态的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用，这时需要用完成时态的被动语态。(3)少数及物动词的的进行时表示按计划、安排将要承受某个动作。e.g.Some rock musi

13、c is being played by them next.(4)过去进行时的被动语态否定式为was/were+not+being+done。过去进行时态的被动语态的一般疑问句需将was/were提到主语的前面。e.g.Was a new library being put up in their school just then？【牛刀小试】1.Another bridge _(build)over the Changjiang River then.2.Computer _(major)by him during his college.was being built was being

14、 majored5.将来完成时的被动语态将来完成时的被动语态(shall/will have been done)将来完成时的被动语态表示相对于现在来说将要完成的被动性动作。将来完成时的被动语态与过去将来完成时的被动语态用法区别将来完成时的被动语态表示相对于现在来说将要完成的被动性动作，而过去将来完成时的被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说将要完成的被动性动作。e.g.This oil field will have been opened by the end of next month.到下月底为止，这块油田将被开采。析：该句表示相对于现在来说的下月底这块油田将被开采。【牛刀小试】1.Thi

15、s car _(drive)by Smith for five years by next month.2.John said the letter _(finish)by supper.will have been drivenwould have been finished【巩固练习】Use the passive voice learned in this unit to translate the following paragraphs.我的学校位于(situated)县城的西边。校园里种了(planted)很多花和树,所以很漂亮。学校现在正在建(constructed)一座办公楼和

16、一个实验室。去年建了(built)一个新操场。据说明年要建(set up)一个餐厅。教室和宿舍每天都打扫(cleaned)得干净整洁。我校每年的高考成绩在全市名列前茅(ranked)。我校值得大家来参观(be worth doing)。Samples:My school is situated in the west of the county.Many flowers and trees have been planted in the school yard,so it is very beautiful.An office building and a lab are being con

17、structed.Last year,a new playground was built.It is said that a dining hall will be set up next year.The classrooms and dormitories are cleaned every day,so they are clean and tidy.Every year,my schools college entrance examination results are ranked top in the whole city.My school is worth visiting

18、.2Rewrite the paragraph using the passive voice where appropriate.Since ancient times,storytelling has been a way to share and pass on wisdom.One important early work that did so was Aesops Fables,a collection of stories that history credits to Aesop,a Greek storyteller.People believe that he lived

19、in Ancient Greece between 620 BC and 564 BC.Most of the characters in his stories are animals,the qualities of which Aesop used to reflect human traits and wisdom.Each fable teaches a life lesson that Aesop summarises in a short phrase at the end of the story,called a moral.Today,children and adults

20、 all around the world still enjoy Aesops Fables.Since ancient times,storytelling has been a way to share and pass on wisdom.One important early work that did so was Aesops Fables,a collection of stories that is credited to Aesop,a Greek storyteller.It is believed that Aesop lived in Ancient Greece b

21、etween 620 BC and 564 BC.Most of the characters in his stories are animals,the qualities of which were used to reflect human traits and wisdom by Aesop.Each fable teaches a life lesson that is summarised in a short phrase at the end of the story,called a moral.Today,Aesops Fables is still enjoyed by

22、 children and adults all around the world.Samples:3Look at the pictures and write the story from Aesops Fables.Use the passive voice where appropriate.One day a little mouse was caught by a lion.Samples:One day a little mouse was caught by a lion.The lion wanted to eat the mouse,but the mouse said t

23、hat he would help the lion someday,if he was let to go.The lion thought,“How can a great animal be helped by a little animal?”But the mouse was allowed to leave.Several days later,the lion was caught by a hunters net.The mouse bit the net with his strong teeth and helped the lion out.Thanks to the l

24、ittle mouse,the lion was saved and finally admitted that the strong could sometimes be helped by the weak.4Work in pairs.Tell each other another fable you know and the lesson you have learnt from it.Use the passive voice where appropriate.Samples:There was once a young Shepherd Boy who tended his sh

25、eep at the foot of a mountain near a dark forest.It was rather lonely for him all day,so he thought upon a plan by which he could get a little company and some excitement.He rushed down towards the village calling out“Wolf,Wolf,”and the villagers came out to meet him,and some of them stopped with hi

26、m for a considerable time.This pleased the boy so much that a few days afterwards he tried the same trick,and again the villagers came to his help.But shortly after this a Wolf actually did come out from the forest,and began to worry the sheep,and the boy of course cried out“Wolf,Wolf,”still louder

27、than before.But this time the villagers,who had been fooled twice before,thought the boy was again deceiving them,and nobody stirred to come to his help.So the Wolf made a good meal off the boys flock,and when the boy complained,the wise man of the village said:“A liar will not be believed,even when he speaks the truth.”课堂总结课堂总结1.Recall the usage of passive voice.2.Use passive voice to tell stories.