Unit 1 Science and scientists Reading and thinking （ppt课件）-2024新人教版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第二册.pptx

1、Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking John Snow Defeats“King Cholera”Post-reading“To raise new questions,new possibilities,to regard old problems from a new angle,requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science.”-Albert Einstein”“提出新的问题，发现新的问题，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并

2、标志着科学的真正进步。”-阿尔伯特阿尔伯特爱因斯坦爱因斯坦”Lead in Are you familiar with these situations?Mask upGet vaccinatedSelf-isolation Positive measures are taken to fight against Covid-19.coronaviruskrnvars Besides coronavirus,what other kinds of epidemics （流行病）do you konw?bird-flu（禽流感）malaria mleri（疟疾）plagueple（鼠疫）Ebol

3、a bl(埃博拉)Who Helped Defeat Malaria?MALARIAWho Defeated Cholera?John SnowPredictionJohn Snow Defeats“King Cholera”Who?How?What?According to the title,the story is going to tell us information about.The text is mainly about _ and _ he defeated king cholera.howJohn Snowscientific researchPut the seven

4、research stages in order.analyze the results ask a question collect data think of a method find a problem find supporting evidence draw a conclusionPara 2&3:Stages of Scientific ResearchActivity 1:Read the whole text quickly and match the main ideathe second Fast readingFast readingCareful ReadingPa

5、ra.1Research background2.Why was the disease called“”King Cholera?Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until a British doctor,John Snow,showed how it could be overcome.This illness causes severe diarrhoea,dehydration,and even death.In the early 19th century,when an outbrea

6、k of cholera hit Europe,millions of people died from the disease.As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.In time,he rose to become a famous doctor,and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.However,he never lost his desire to des

7、troy cholera once and for all.expert/experienced/knowledgeabledeadlyuncontrollable“King”1.Who is John Snow?In general,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection

8、from germs in food or water.Snow subscribed to the second theory.It was correct,but he still needed proof.Consequently,when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854,Snow began to investigate.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people di

9、ed in ten days.He was determined to find out why.1.What are the two theories?Which theory did John Snow think was reasonable?2.What did John Snow investigate when another outbreak hit London in 1854?Para.2Find a problemAsk a questionWhat does the red stars stand for?multiple deaths happened here.Wha

10、t does the green stars stand for?No death happened here.Why?CLUE:free beer Suspect that the water from the pump was to blame.But he needed proofs!1.What method did Snow use?2.What did he find on the map?What did he do to deal with it?A map of Broad StreetPara.3Para.3Analyze the resultsFind supportin

11、g evidenceSnow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street(especially house numbers 16,37,38,and 40).However,some households(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street,and 8 and 9 Cambridge8 Street)had had no deaths

12、.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer,and so had not drunk the water from the pump.Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.What is more,in another part of London,a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.It

13、seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.the water pump was to blamePara.3Draw a conclusionAs a result of this evidence,John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly,he had the handle of the pu

14、mp removed so that it could not be used.Through this intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks.Remove the handle of the pumpThe disease was stoppedSnow had the_ of the pump removed.EIt was believed that cholera was caused by _ or germs in _.ASnow _the places where people who_ had lived.Bbad

15、 airfood or watermarked on died The pump water carried_.Dcholera germshandlea mapMany deaths occurred near the _in Broad Street.Some people _ drunk the water from the pump,and lived.A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _ _.Cwater pumphad notfrom the pumpdrinking waterRead fr

16、om Para.2-3 again and complete the chart below.conclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesconclusion evidence process solution theories D C B E Al Water companies began to sell clean water.l The threat of cholera around the world decreased.l He helped people know how to prevent cholera.l Snow transfor

17、med the way scientists study diseases.2.What contributions did John Snow make?The Father of Modern Epidemiology1.What caused the outbreak of cholera in London in 1854?Read Para.4-5 and answer the questions.Water companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste,causing people

18、 who drank this water to get cholera.1.What questions would you ask to get the following answers?Q:What _?A:Snow thought that cholera was caused by germs in food or water.Q:Why _?A:Snow had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.Q:How _?A:The cholera threat was defeated thanks t

19、o the work of John Snow.caused cholera according to Snowdid Snow have the handle of the pump removedwas the cholera threat defeatedIn order not to get infected with disease,what should we pay attention to in our daily life.Drink boiled water.Remember to wear a mask when going out.Heat the food left

20、overnight.Wash your hands often.Cook raw food thoroughly.Deal with rubbish timely and properly.Post-readingSummary 课文语法填空课文语法填空John Snow was 1._well-known doctor in London in the 19th century.He wanted to find the cause of cholera in order to help people 2._(infect)with it.In 1854 when an outbreak o

21、f cholera hit London,he 3._(begin)to gather information 4._(immediate).He marked on a map 5._all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who 6._(drink)the dirty water 7._the pump died.So he announced that the pump water 8._(carry)cholera germs.He suggested that the source of all wate

22、r supplies 9._(examine)and new methods of 10._(deal)with polluted water be found.Finally,“King Cholera”was defeated.a infected began immediately where had drunkfromcarried(should)be examineddealingp1 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until a British doctor.John Snow,sho

23、wed how it could be overcome.This illness causes severe diarrhoea,dehydration,and even death.In the early 19th century,when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe,millions of people died from the disease.As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.In

24、time,he rose to become a famous doctor,and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.However,he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.在英国医生约翰斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。它可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，崔乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医。甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。

25、然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。1.used to do/be2.an outbreak of.3.die from.4.attended to5.give birth（to)6.lose desire to7.once and for all1.过去常常做/是2.的爆发3.死于4.照顾，护理5.生孩子6.失去做某事的希望7.最终地，彻底地Para 1 phrases1.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how i

26、t could be overcome.画线部分是画线部分是由由until引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句 否定式：否定式：not.until.结构。结构。倒装结构：倒装结构：部分倒装部分倒装“Not until谓语助动词主语谓语谓语助动词主语谓语”。强调结构：强调结构：It is/was not until时间从句或短语时间从句或短语that主句。主句。Language Points(1)Well stay here until it stops raining.(2)He the office his boss came back.(3)Yesterday，I waited for y

27、ou at the bus station 4 oclock in the afternoon.(4)Not until he saw his mother，the little boy .(5)It was not until the result of the exam was announced he realized he had organized time badly.didnt leaveuntiluntildidsmilethat Language Points2.frustrated /frstretd/adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的frustrated

28、_ vt.使懊恼，挫败，阻止_ n.沮丧；挫败_ adj.令人沮丧的小题集训1.She were _ at the _ news that she failed theexam.(frustrate)2.They were defeated in the football match,which _(frustrate)me.frustratefrustration frustrating_对.感到沮丧/懊恼 be frustrated with/at frustrated frustrating frustrated3.In time，he rose to become a famous d

29、octor，and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.后来，他后来，他成为一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾她。成为一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾她。1 in time及时；终于；迟早及时；终于；迟早 in time作作“终于；迟早终于；迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。讲时，常单独使用，作状语。in time作作“及时及时”讲时，后常跟讲时，后常跟for sth.或或to do sth.。(1)You will succeed in time as long as you dont give up.只

30、要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。(2)The doctor came in time (save)his life.医生及时赶到并抢救了他的生命。医生及时赶到并抢救了他的生命。(3)Lucky for him，he was just in time the bus.幸运的是，他及时赶上了公共汽车。幸运的是，他及时赶上了公共汽车。to savefortime相关短语相关短语from time to time 有时；偶尔有时；偶尔at a time 每次每次in no time 立刻；马上立刻；马上at the same time 同时同时at one time 一度；从

31、前一度；从前at no time 绝不绝不(置于句首时，用部分倒装置于句首时，用部分倒装)(1)I cant go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to .attend vt.出席；参加出席；参加 vt.&vi.照顾；护理照顾；护理 vi.处理处理attend a meeting/a lecture/school参加会议参加会议/听报告听报告/上学上学attend to sb./sth.照料照料；处理；处理；招待；招待attend to4.In time，he rose to become a famous doctor，

32、and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.后来，他后来，他成为一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾她。成为一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾她。p2 In general,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by a

33、n infection from germs in food or water.Snow subscribed to the second theory.It was correct,but he still needed proof.Consequently,when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854,Snow began to investigate.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 5

34、00 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。1.In general2.be caused by3.subscribe to4.be determined to do5.need proof6.find out wh

35、y1.总的来说，大体上2.由导致3.同意4.决定做某事5.需要证据6.查明原因Para 2 phrases5.In general,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories.contradictory adj.互相矛盾的；互相对立的互相矛盾的；互相对立的 be contradictory to 与与矛盾、相反矛盾、相反 【拓展】【拓展】_ v.v.反驳反驳;与与相矛盾相矛盾_ _ n.n.抵触抵触;矛盾矛盾;矛盾的说法矛盾的说法【即学即用】【即学即用】单句语法填空单句语法填空1.The witness gave two compl

36、etely _(contradict)descriptions.完成句子完成句子:2.这两种说法相互矛盾。这两种说法相互矛盾。The two stories _ _ _.contradictcontradictioncontraditorycontradict each other He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.so+形容词/副词+that.6.so.that.如此如此.以至于以至

37、于 引导结果状语从引导结果状语从句的常见句型句的常见句型so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that.so+many/few+可数名词复数+that.so+much/little+不可数名词+that.1.He ran so quickly that we all couldnt catch up with him.2.This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it in our spare time.3.She has so much talent that her mother feels proud of her.4

38、.He has published so many novels that I cant finish reading them in a short time.温馨提示：温馨提示：such.that 常用于以下三种句型常用于以下三种句型：1.such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that.2.such+形容词+可数名词复数+that.3.such+形容词+不可数名词+that p3 Snow began bymarking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.There were multiple de

39、aths near the water pump in Broad Street(especially house numbers 16,37,38,and 40).However,some households(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street,and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer,and so had not drunk the water f

40、rom the pump.Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅)，但是有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此没有喝水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。p3 What is more,in another part of London,a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after m

41、oving away from Broad Street.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.As a result of this evidence,John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that

42、 it could not be used.Through this intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks.此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱。该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。有了这个证据，约翰斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。1.mark on a map the exact place2.multiple deaths3.be to blame 4.as a result o

43、f 5.move away from6.it seemed that1.在地图上标出特定的位置2.多例死亡3.应受责备4.由于5.从.离开、搬离6.似乎.看起来.Para 3 phrases7.Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.斯诺开始在地图上标注所有死者生活的精确地址。斯诺开始在地图上标注所有死者生活的精确地址。l 1.where 引导引导定语从句定语从句,先行词为先行词为palce在从句中在从句中做地点状语做地点状语。2.who 引导引导定语从句定语从句，先行

44、词为，先行词为those 那些人那些人，做主语做主语l where可转换成适当的可转换成适当的“介词介词which”的形式。的形式。l 表示抽象地点的名词表示抽象地点的名词(case，scene，situation，condition，race，life，point等等)作先行词，且从句中作先行词，且从句中缺少地点状语时缺少地点状语时，常用关系，常用关系副词副词where引导定语从句。引导定语从句。(1)They borrowed materials from the hospital theyd trained as nursing assistants.(2)In the middle o

45、f the sitting room，there is a table where()many dishes are placed.(3)They are now in a situation they need to make a practical plan.whereon whichwhere8.have+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 结构结构 have+宾语+过去分词（done）使某事被完成使某事被完成have+宾语+现在分词 （doing）表示动作进行或持续表示动作进行或持续 e.g:1.We have the mchine mended just now.e.g:2.I cant

46、 have you speaking to your mother in a rude manner.小题集训小题集训1.I cant have you _(lie)to your parents.2.When did you have your house_(paint)?lyingpaintedIt seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to herhouse every day.p4.The truth was that the water from th

47、e Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste.The people who drank this water were much more likely t

48、o get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯浄水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。1.be infected by waste2.a link between and 3.be polluted by raw waste 4.be likely to do1.被废弃物感染2.和之间的联系3.被未经处理的废物污染4.可能做某事Para 4 phra

49、sesp5.Through Snows tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.However,cholera is still a problem.Each year,millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.Fortunately,we now know how to preven

50、t cholera,thanks to the work of John Snow.Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.For this reason,Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是问题。每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，其中许多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何