句子成分English components （ppt课件）-2023新外研版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、sentence components in Englishlearning objectives 1.to master predicate,predictive;2.to master link verbs;3.to know differences when verbs serve as link verbs and notional verbs.sentence members主语补语subject/sbdikt/predicate/predikt/object/bdikt/predicative/pridiktiv/complement/kmpliment/attributive/t

2、ribjtiv/adverbial/dv:bil/appositive/pzitiv/谓语宾语表语定语状语同位语part of speech Noun-n.Pronoun-pron.Verb-v.Adjective-adj.Adverb-adv.Preposition-prep.Conjunction-conj.Article-art.Numeral.num.Interjection.int.名词代词动词形容词副词介词连词冠词数词感叹词Components are composed of words of different parts of speechverb1、实义动词、实义动词rais

3、e ones handsseat the boyreach the schoolthe sun rises.He sits.arrive at the school及物动词（vt）:后需加宾语，意义才完整不及物动词（vi）：后不能直接跟宾语；如需要在前加介 2、系动词、系动词(link verb)：后面必须跟表后面必须跟表语构成系表结构，一般语构成系表结构，一般没有被动语态没有被动语态和进行时态和进行时态3、助动词、助动词(aux.v)：不能单独构成谓语不能单独构成谓语4、情态动词、情态动词(modal verb)：表能力、表能力、义务猜测义务猜测keep/stay/remain变得/be/起

4、来do does did has have hadcan could may might should must will would shall谓语谓语predicate/predikt/只能由只能由动词及动词短语动词及动词短语充当充当,说明说明主语的动作、状态，表主语的动作、状态，表“做什么做什么,是什么是什么”underline verbs and verb phrases Last week the writer who loved plays went to the theatre where he actually didnt enjoy the play at all.谓语的作用

5、：表明句子的时态，语态和数谓语的作用：表明句子的时态，语态和数 He likes to go swimming today.I am interested in lying in bed,reading.tenseVoice:the passive voice(be done)the active voicesingular&plural:V+s/es谓语的种类谓语的种类 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak

6、 English well._ There were smiling children all the way.Then everything came alive.The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry.She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door.She wanted to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear.underl

7、ine predicates My wife Laura and I were on the beach,with three of our children,taking pictures of shore birds near our home when we spotted a bear.The bear was thin and small,moving aimlessly.Just a few minutes later,I heard my daughter shouting,”Dad!The bear is right behind us!”An aggressive bear

8、will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute.underline predicate 常见的系动词常见的系动词（1）状态系动词，表示主语状态 be,is,am,are,was,were,etc.（2）感官系动词 feel,look,smell,sound,taste,etc.（3）持续系动词，表示主语持续一种状态 keep,stay,remain,etc.（4）变化系动词 become,get,go,turn,etc.（5）表象系动词，表示“看起来像

9、”seem,look,appear,etc.（6）终止系动词，表示“被证明是”prove,turn out记不住系动词便（变）留起来！1.The war was over.2.They seem to know the truth.3.The weather has turned cold.4.Im not quite myself today.5.His plan turned out a success.6.He is out of condition.(身体欠佳)7.The book is what I need._表语可由名词、副词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、从句等充当,一般置

10、于系动词后1.He appears to know more than he really does.2.The country remains in a mess at present.3.His mother looks younger than her age.4.You shouldnt keep quiet in a debate.5.Kobe Bryant went mad when the judge made an unfair judgment.6.The experiment that he was in charge of proved a success.辨析 keep

11、,remain,stay PleasekeepthesethingsformewhileIamaway.The baby kept crying for a whole night.Please keep quiet.After the accident,he still kept alive.vt.保留vt.持续，连续系动词.保持系动词.保持keep 做系动词通常跟形容词，做系动词通常跟形容词，表示表示“保持保持(某种状态某种状态)”stay,remain 做系动词后+adj/n.表示“保持(某种状态)”1.She got married,and she stays my girl.2.He

12、 remained poor for a long time.3.I want to remain friends with you.比较下列各组句子A.Please look at the blackboard.B.He looked a perfect foolA.Turn to Page 16B.He turned traitor to his countryA.He felt it his duty to help othersB.I felt very hungry after a long walkA.I am sure I smell gasB.The flowers smell

13、 sweet辨析look，turn，feel，get，become，sound，smell，go以上动词做系动词时，可用be动词替换，而做实意动词时，则不能。Homework:underline predicate and predicative in sentence Verraano,an Italian about whom little is known,sailed into New York Harbour in 1524 and named it Angouleme.He described it as a very agreeable situation located wit

14、hin two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river.Though Verrazano is by no means considered to be a great explorer,his name will probably remain immortal,for on November 21st,1964,the longest suspension bridge in the world was named after him.Learning objectives To master subject,objec

15、t and component of object.to know how to judge object and component of object.Review Her father looks young.Plants need water.The flower is so fresh.The sun rises in the east.He gives me some flowers.We should keep the room clean.He can speak English fluently.We have read many books.They do shopping

16、 at the weekend.Buses run from dawn till midnight.He became a scientist.We made him our monitor.I wont have you speaking to your mother like that.He had put the book on the desk.Where is subject?What is its function?主语一般位于谓语之前（特殊情况除外，如倒装句，形式主语句）。是描述主角、动作产生者。主语由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句充当 There were smilin

17、g children all the way.Then everything came alive.The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry.She had told home to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door.She wanted to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear.underline subjects My wife Laura and I

18、 were on the beach,with three of our children,taking pictures of shore birds near our home when we spotted a bear.The bear was thin and small,moving aimlessly.Just a few minutes later,I heard my daughter shouting,”Dad!The bear is right behind us!”An aggressive bear will usually rush forward to frigh

19、ten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute.underline subjects I live in Quxian.I look at the sky above me.I come from China.I like my job.I love him.I think eight lucky.He wanted to leave here.They enjoyed playing computer games.I know you are a doctor.Object：动作的承受者。由名词、代词、数词、不定式、

20、动名词、从句充当,跟在及物动词及短语后或介词后 I offered him a book.I bought her a watch.He brings me a cake every day.Johnson taught Li Hua English for a month.Would you please pass me the dictionary.有一些动词后要接两个名词做宾语，分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.当这一间接承受者（sb.）放在直接承受者(sth.)之后时，要用一个介词（for或to）来连接。可以用于这种句式动词主要有：(A)(for)buy/choose

21、/cook/get/make/do(B)(to)give /send/teach/show/tell/lend /throw /hand/bring/take/return/offerComplement of object:与宾语在意义上是一种主谓、主表关系。由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式充当。I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.Please make yourself a

22、t home.Please keep the dog out.We must keep it a secret._ 区分：I make him a cake.We make her monitor.She finds him a notebook.She finds the song beautiful.They keep me a table.They keep quiet.区分双宾语和宾语宾补的方法：在这两者之间加一个be逻辑正确或本身逻辑正确，则是宾语宾补。him is a cake.her is monitor.Homework:translate the following sent

23、ences1那噪音快要使我发疯了。2我们要使学校变得更美丽。3他请我们参加做游戏。4我想为他挑选一份合适的礼物。5太阳给了我们光和热。6Mr.Smith 教我们数学。Learning objectives to master attribute and adverbial;To judge the six components correctly in sentences correctly.Attribute:用来修饰名词或代词。可由形容词、名词、数词、分词、不定式、介词短语、从句充当 He is a clever boy.Miss Wang is a woman teacher.There

24、 are 54 students in our class.Do you known Bettys sister There is a sleeping boy.His spoken language is good.I have something to tell you.The girl in red is his sister.Do you know the man who spoke just now?_Adverbial：用于修饰形容词,动词或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等.This book is very interesting.S

25、uddenly,it began to rain.He always comes late to school.I waited to see you.Students come into classroom laughingHe went to school in spite of his illness.He was late because he got up late._（一）指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.The students got on the school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I shall answer your

26、question after class.4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!5.They went hunting together early in the morning.Exercises 6.His job is to train swimmers.7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8.There is going to be an American film tonight.9.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10.His wish is to

27、 become a scientist.11.He managed to finish the work in time.12.Tom came to ask me for advice.13.He found it important to master English.Exercise Last week the writer who loved plays went to the theatre where he actually didnt enjoy the play at all.That was because a young man and a young woman who

28、were sitting behind them were talking so loudly that they disturbed the writer,which,of course,made him very angry.As a result,the writer turned round twice and told the young man that he could hear nothing.However,the young man misunderstood him,and he answered rudely that they were making a private conversation.