2020届上海市高三英语一模六选四汇编含答案.docx

1、 【一模汇编】【一模汇编】2020 届高三英语一模届高三英语一模 16 区（区（15 份）六选四汇编份）六选四汇编 01. 黄浦区黄浦区 A. Many options require city-level investment in new facilities. B. However, it is not yet clear which technologies and fuels cities will back. C. Through their actions, city governments today are helping to shape the cities of the

2、 future. D. For example, London is requiring all newly licensed taxis to be zero-emission capable from 2018. E. City planners are using transport-oriented development to increase density while maintaining quality of life and property value. F. Some cities, such as Delhi, are investing heavily in cre

3、ating the mass transport systems needed to change how citizens travel. Sustainable Transport in Cities Transport has always shaped cities. In Medieval times crossroads gave birth to blooming market towns. Many North American cities were created for the car. But how are the cities of today being shap

4、ed by a need for more sustainable transport? Many local governments are speeding up change through policy initiatives such as joined transport, congestion charges and low emission zones, sustainable gaining and lifecycle costing, and opening data up to companies and academics. And these city level p

5、olicies can move markets in more sustainable directions. _67_ This has resulted in five vehicle manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline, which is both in their own commercial interests and good for the environment. The least dense cities, for example, Houston, have per capita(人均的) carbon e

6、missions nearly ten times higher than the densest, such as Singapore. _68_ This involves gathering mixed use developments around a key transport center, as with the KL Central area in Kuala Lumpur, built around the largest railway station in Southeast Asia. _69_ Others are using motivations and beha

7、vioural change to encourage people to choose more efficientand often healthierforms of transport. Copenhagen has a number of progressive cycling policies including the Green Wave, which allows people cycling at 20km/h to hit all green lights during rush hour. Light weighting and new engine and fuel

8、technologies are helping to make existing road and rail vehicles more efficient. _70_ The main options are hydrogen fuel cells, fossil fuel hybrids, and electric vehicles, and the best solution may well vary from city to city. 答案：67-70 DEFB 02. 宝山区宝山区 A. You may find these colorful symbols unavoidab

9、le as theyve become a language of their own B. People can send emoji instead of writing words to participate in a conversation C. No wonder emoji use is becoming more and more popular in various fields D. Today, emoji use is a standard feature in digital communication E. But not all the people show

10、interest in emoji especially elder ones F. Unlike most words, there isnt a certain definition for each emoji Whether youre on social media or sending a text message, you encounter emoji (表情符号) regularly. 67 . While most peoples enthusiasm for emoji increased in the smartphone era, Japan has been cra

11、zy for emoji since 1999. Designer Shigetaka Kurita invented emoji for a Japanese phone company 20 years ago as a way to make it easier to express ideas in a short message. The word emoji can be translated as picture character from Japanese. After the release of Kuritas emoji, rival phone companies i

12、n Japan began creating their own emoji. Many emoji on our digital devices today are imported from Kuritas original set of emoji. Japans love for emoji continued well into the 2000s before the rest of the world discovered them. Apple Inc. officially introduced an emoji function in their software in 2

13、011. Soon, other phone companies from around the world made it easier for their customers to use emoji. 68 . As you scroll (滑动) through your phone, you can see the wide selection of available emoji. More than 2,000 emoji are in existence now, with more being released each year. These numbers show th

14、e popularity and demand for emoji. Why? Because words alone cant convey the complete meaning of a digital message. In digital communication, emoji express a tone or mood. More than 90 percent of people online use emoji especially ones that show emotion like hearts and smileys. 69 . For example, they

15、 might send a red heart emoji as a response that they really like something instead of writing, I love that. Some emoji are also abstract enough for people to use in any way they like. You can send an emoji as an inside joke, which is only understood between you and your friend. 70 . Nor do they bel

16、ong to a specific culture. You and I give emoji meaning, because emoji is a language that belongs to all of us. 答案：答案：67. A 68. D 69. B 70. F 03. 崇明区崇明区 A. But setting up the aeroponic farm was not easy. B. The government wants to greatly expand this percentage. C. Many of the commercial aeroponic s

17、ystems are relatively costly. D. Aeroponics, however, does not require traditional farm work or much land. E. Growing with aeroponics is not difficult and its benefits far outweigh any disadvantages. F. It could make a big difference in places where huge amounts of land have been made unfarmable. Gr

18、owing Food from Air in Nigeria A group of farmers in Nigeria is using a technology-based method to grow crops from mist (水汽) in the air. The method, known as aeroponics, does not involve soil. Instead, plant roots hang in the air. The roots take in nutrients from a watery mist. Aeroponics is not wel

19、l-known in Nigeria, but farmers there are working to make the technique more popular. 67 Biochemist Samson Ogbole is popularly known as Nigerias smart farmer. He and his team are growing crops without soil at the technology-based farm they started three years ago in Abeokuta. Ogbole says they are on

20、 a campaign to end seasonal food scarcity in Nigeria. Because we are the ones controlling everything that the plant requires, we are not depending on seasons. So its no longer seasonal farming. It is just farming anytime of the year, meaning we can plant anytime of the year, and we can harvest anyti

21、me of the year. 68 It required financing of more than $180,000. And some people in Abeokuta were very much against this non-traditional method of farming. It took a lot of effort to change peoples minds about aeroponics. In Nigeria, about 30 million hectares (公顷) of farmland is being used, instead o

22、f the 78.5 million hectares required for food security. In the north, only 49 percent of the land is fertile, a situation that worries traditional farmers. 69 Nutrients for the plants are controlled by a recycling system, greatly increasing productivity. Philip Ojo is director general of Nigerias Na

23、tional Agricultural Seeds Council. He says the government welcomes new farming methods. Ojo noted that with aeroponics, farmers can quickly increase planting materials. So, his group strongly supports the technology. The agricultural industry represents about 40 percent of Nigerias economy. 70 For n

24、ow, most farmers lack the technical knowledge to increase productivity. They also need access to high-quality seeds to guarantee better harvests. Technologically skilled farmers like Samson Ogbole are offering a new way forward. 答案：67. F 68. A 69. D 70. B 04. 松江区松江区 A. Theres no waiting for it and n

25、o counting of cash. B. The system is impressively simple and secure. C. Security is nothing to worry about with the procedures. D. Clearing up cash payments has several advantages as well. E. However, some people doubt what members of a cashless society will do when the power goes off. F. Privacy se

26、curity and convenience are all important factors in the adoption of electronic payment technology. When he rolls into a gas station to fill his tank, Barkhad Dahir doesnt get out of his car. He pushes a few buttons on his cellphone and within seconds he has paid for the fuel. With the same quick pus

27、hes on his phone he pays for almost everything he needs. Electronic payments offer consumers convenience, provide profits for banks, credit card companies and payment processors and offer merchants improved cash flow and convenience. I havent seen cash for a long time. Almost every merchant even haw

28、ker (小贩) on the street accepts payment by cellphone. 67. _ says Adan Abokora, a democracy activist. Purchases are made by dialing a three-digit number, entering a four-digit PIN and then entering the retailers payment number and the amount of money. Both customers and merchants receive text messages

29、 to confirm the payment. 68. _ For instance, the printing and handling of money is expensive. Cash payments can be anonymous (匿名 的) and it is hard to track criminal activities conducted in secret. Many governments favor reducing cash dealings in order to better monitor and understand the activities

30、of their citizens. The Swedish government has been discussing the removing of cash since 2010. 69. _ Do they choose to rob? Do they sit at home and wait? What happens to people who rely on their cellphones to process money dealings when cell service and the Internet are interrupted? A world affected

31、 by terrorism and increasingly violent weather may not yet be ready to abandon currency. Other people fear that electronic payments may create security risks and enable dealings to be tracked and reported. 70. _ New technologies which balance and address these factors may enable people to remove cas

32、h. 答案： 67-70 ADEF 05. 虹口区虹口区 A. But legislation(法律) wont ban all situations in which multitasking is unwise. B. They multitask for efficiency, to fight boredom or to keep up with social media. C. Forty-eight states have banned texting while driving. D. However, texting while biking seems so undemand

33、ing as to be harmless. E. They damage driving equivalently as far as external dangers go. F. Instead of multitasking, they take more rest breaks and get a social media fix during a break. Is Multitasking Always Good? Not only do smartphones provide unrestricted access to information, they provide pe

34、rfect opportunities to multitask. Any activity can be accompanied by music, selfies or social media updates. Of course, some people pick poor times to tweet or text, and lawmakers have stepped in. _67_ In Honolulu, its illegal to text or even look at your phone while crossing the street, and in the

35、Netherlands theyve banned texting while biking. _68_You need to self-regulate. Understanding how the brain multitasks and why we find multitasking so appealing will help you realize the danger of pulling out your phone. Multitasking feels like doing two things at the same time, so it seems the dange

36、r lies in asking one mental process to do two unrelated things for texting drivers, watching the screen and the road. Twenty states have instituted bans on driving using a hand-held phone while still allowing hands-free calls. Yet hands-free or hand-held makes no difference. _69_The real problem is

37、the switch of attention between the conversation and the road, and that affects performance. People sense this, and when on the phone they drive slower and increase their following distance, but they are far too confident that these measures reduce risks. This overconfidence extends to other activit

38、ies. A 2015 survey showed that a majority of students who use social media, text or watch TV while studying think that they can still comprehend the material theyre studying. People dont multitask merely because they see no harm in it; they see benefits. _70_Most people will still choose to multitas

39、k. But they should, at the very least, be fully aware of how that choice affects them and the potential consequences for themselves and others. They need to pay attention to how much or how little they are paying attention. 答案：67-70: CAEB 06. 徐汇区徐汇区 A. Creativity is associated with many factors. B.

40、Rather, they should work to expand, grow, and exercise it. C. Without creativity, we are indistinguishable from the masses. D. However, creativity can be acquired at any age. E. Its hard to work out where exactly creativity comes from. F. Everyone has the capacity to be creative. Essential Creativit

41、y In a recent survey in America, 62% of people said that creativity was more important to success in the workplace than they had anticipated it would be when they were in school. (67) _ It is of course possible to scan peoples brains and see which parts are firing when an idea is created, but rather

42、 more romantically it can be thought of as something that cannot be identified. Creativity is what comes to you when you least expect it. You cannot demand creativity from your mind, nor can you demand that you are creative in a particular way. One misconception about creativity is that it is reserv

43、ed for a few special people. This is not true. (68) _ Another misconception is that creativity is all about the arts but this simply isnt true: creativity extends to maths and science in just the way it does to music and literature. Those who see things differently to others and are confident enough

44、 to make their ideas a reality are the ones who make the greatest changes in the world. Consequently, it is incredibly important that schools do not prevent creativity. (69) _ Students should be taught to ask questions and investigate when things do not make sense. They need to learn to view mistake

45、s as opportunities for learning rather than something that was unsuccessful. It is worrying that many schools are less concerned now with nurturing creativity when this is the most important time in history for it. It used to be that people worked hard, went to university, and got a job. That was it

46、. But now, everyone works hard, goes to university and there arent the jobs out there that guarantee a safe future. (70) _ We can use it to set ourselves apart, and channel it to face the challenges of the future. 答案：67-70 EFBC 07. 嘉定区嘉定区 A. As a result, questions of hunger are largely absent in Sou

47、th African politics. B. Handling food injustice requires a transformation of the undesirable structure of the food system. C. Therefore, the government has put forward numerous food and nutrition security programs to fight against hunger. D. This means that smaller scale producers, processors and re

48、tailers are squeezed out. E. Hunger, lack of nutrition and related illnesses are not equally spread. F. There are international examples of governments taking their obligations seriously with regard to the right to food. South Africa still has a long way to go on the right to food Fifty-four percent of South Africans are hungry or at risk of hunger. Hunger affects peoples health, as well as their ability to live full and productive lives because the rights to dignity, health and education are affected by hunge