科技英文翻译方法课件.ppt

1、科技英文翻译方法例1：Matter is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms that are composed of nuclear and electron.定语从句作后置定语例2：The presence of a substituent group in benzene exerts a profound control over both orientation and the ease of introduction of the entering substituentTNT可用于单独填充炸弹、炮弹和手雷，也可与其他炸

2、药混合填充。锌能跟稀盐酸反应，但铜却不能。Acids react with certain metals to produce hydrogen.例2：The presence of a substituent group in benzene exerts a profound control over both orientation and the ease of introduction of the entering substituentAcids react with certain metals to produce hydrogen.空气是含有许多气体的一种物质。许多工业操作

3、可用间歇操作或连续操作来完成。例1：The speed of molecules is increased when they are heated.（现在分词短语作后置定语）PAN与镍萃取行为被详细报道过。明辨语法，弄清关系，结合上下文，逐句推敲 表达化学反应常用的一般性动词：react（reaction），obtain，form，convert，produce，give，yield，等设计本身应该是安全的，但无需追求完美的安全系统。醇的轻度氧化生成醛，而醛能进一步氧化生成有机酸。例2：The air is a material containing many kinds of gases.

4、丙酮被用来制造多种重要的工业品。例3：In the simplest chemical cell,the electrolyte is a solution of sulfuric acid in water.盐可以通过用金属置换酸中的氢来制取。例1：Measures have been taken to diminish air pollution.It is understood that 大家都明白；The maiden voyage of the newly-built steamship was a success.Designs which avoid the need for h

5、azardous materials,or use less of them,or use them at lower temperatures and pressures,or dilute them with inert materials will be inherently safe and not require elaborate safety systems.rust-resistance by-product 转化法（conversion）：一种词类转化成另一种词类It has long been the practice to attempt the synthesis of

6、 natural products in the laboratory once their structures had been determined.发电机可以把机械能再转变为电能。It will be said 有人会说仅有一小部分水被回收，大部分残余物都被丢弃了。alkene alkyne alcohol alkylIt is believed that 有人认为例2：The extraction behavior of nickel with PAN has been reported in detail.例2：If one or more electrons are remove

7、d,the atom is said to be positively charged.例：We call such a zinc atom an ion with a double positive charge,Zn2+.因此，酸与碱的反应是一个质子转移的反应。运转、转动、活动-指机械、身体器官等在最简单的化学电池内，电解液是硫酸的水溶液。PAN与镍萃取行为被详细报道过。例1：Absorption process is therefore conveniently divided into two groups：physical process and chemical process主要

8、由that，也用 whether/if（是否）引导一种六碳环，六角形，单双键交替的结构，被指定为苯。It is said that 据说TNT可用于单独填充炸弹、炮弹和手雷，也可与其他炸药混合填充。decompose-分解 dissociate-离解例2：Zirconium is almost as strong as steel，but lighter.Other evaporation processes will be discussed brieflyAcids react with certain metals to produce hydrogen.hundreds of（数百，几

9、百）,thousands of（数千）例1：Measures have been taken to diminish air pollution.操作机器需要懂得机器的一些性能。例1：Matter is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms that are composed of nuclear and electron.例2：These products are counted by hundredsThe two pairs of electrons of oxygen may be shared with two separa

10、te carbons forming only single bond.苯的同系物是那些苯环上含有取代一个氢的单烷基或取代多个氢的多烷基的物质。例：There are two groups of metals：pure metals and their alloys.数词复数词组的译法 阅读与翻译（较熟练地阅读和翻译英文化学文献）It must be realized that 必须了解（认识、明白）定语从句作后置定语锌能跟稀盐酸反应，但铜却不能。amoral 非道德性的（a+moral 道德的）It will be seen from this that 由此可见 运用汉语把原文通顺流畅地表

11、达出来例2：The voltage of CPU should not exceed the maximum permissible CPU的电压不应超过允许的最大值。例1：In general，ethers are good solvents for fats，waxes and resinsIt is reported that 据报道当数词复数用of 连续相连时，其最终数字范围应是该几个数字的乘积酸与碱的反应是一个质子转移的反应。定语从句作后置定语氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。alkyl lkil：烷基 文章特点：结构严谨Over the years,tools and technology t

12、hemselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.water（n.例1：Thus，an acid and a base react in a proton transfer reaction（谓语 主语）Designs which avoid the need for hazardous materials,or use less of them,or use them at lower temperatures

13、and pressures,or dilute them with inert materials will be inherently safe and not require elaborate safety systems.如果原子失去了一个或多个电子，我们就说这个原子带正电荷。苯的同系物就是那些被一个或多个烷基取代一个或多个氢原子所形成的产物。The homologs of benzene are those containing an alkyl group or alkyl groups in place of one more hydrogen atoms.比硝酸更强的酸的存在能

14、/可/会加速反应。这些研究的重大成就给有机化学的整个领域带来了理论上的统一，从而使有机化学原理的教和学变得较为容易。催化剂是这样一种物质：它能够加速化学反应，但其本身并不参与此化学反应。oxidize-氧化 reduce-还原如果没有橡胶，就不会有像我们今天这样的汽车。在最简单的化学电池内，电解液是硫酸的水溶液。aromatic compounds 芳香族化合物例2：He made the assumption that the electronic charges is numerically equal to the charge on a hydrogen.苯的同系物就是那些被一个或多个

15、烷基取代一个或多个氢原子所形成的产物。dioxide 二氧化物alive 活的（a+live 活）派生法（derivation）：通过加前、后缀构成一个新词酸与碱的反应是一个质子转移的反应。四、句子成分转换的译法这里，冷凝水是目标产品。例2：The presence of a substituent group in benzene exerts a profound control over both orientation and the ease of introduction of the entering substituentOver the years,tools and tec

16、hnology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.以as引导的限制性定语从句 压缩法（shortening）例2：The air is a material containing many kinds of gases.人们开发了大规模蒸发过程，并将其用于从海水中回收饮用水。确切理解和掌握原文内容atomic weight periodic table例2：The presence of a su

17、bstituent group in benzene exerts a profound control over both orientation and the ease of introduction of the entering substituent因此，酸与碱的反应是一个质子转移的反应。一是外来语多（希腊语、拉丁语）dioxide 二氧化物若能通过汉语译文的上下文体会出该复数的含义时，可不必译该复数含义。rust-resistance by-product他们对实验中获取的数据非常满意。这些元素本身也在变化，这是除了古代的炼金术士以外，人们认为不可能的事情。It must be

18、realized that 必须了解（认识、明白）例3：In the simplest chemical cell,the electrolyte is a solution of sulfuric acid in water.这些元素本身也在变化，这是除了古代的炼金术士以外，人们认为不可能的事情。运转、转动、活动-指机械、身体器官等It is understood that 大家都明白；盐也能通过用金属置换酸中的氢而获得。设计本身应该是安全的，但无需追求完美的安全系统。分子间的吸引力小得可以忽略不计。The two pairs of electrons of oxygen may be sh

19、ared with two separate carbons forming only single bond.Acids react with certain metals to produce hydrogen.例1：The extraction behavior of nickel with PAN was reported in detail.单位问题 thousand system 1031.Tertiary alcohols are resistant to oxidation.叔醇叔醇不能不能被氧化。被氧化。叔醇不易叔醇不易/较难被氧化。较难被氧化。2.Pairs of shar

20、ed electrons must spin in opposite directions.u成对电子一定自旋相反。成对电子一定自旋相反。u成对共用电子对的旋转方向必须相反。成对共用电子对的旋转方向必须相反。u共用电子对以相反的方向进行旋转。共用电子对以相反的方向进行旋转。u共用电子对的自旋方向是相反的。共用电子对的自旋方向是相反的。3.Acetone is used in the manufacture of different products of industrial importance.u丙酮在生产很多不同的工业产品中起重要作用。丙酮在生产很多不同的工业产品中起重要作用。u丙酮被用

21、来合成重工业上不同的产品。丙酮被用来合成重工业上不同的产品。u丙酮在工业生产中很重要，用来制造不同的工业丙酮在工业生产中很重要，用来制造不同的工业产品。产品。u丙酮被用来制造多种重要的工业品。丙酮被用来制造多种重要的工业品。4.In contrast to inorganic compounds,the molecular attraction of organic compounds is weak,so organic compounds are usually volatile and possess low melting points.u与无机化合物相比，有机化合物的分子间与无机化合

22、物相比，有机化合物的分子间力较弱，因此，有机化合物通常易挥发，力较弱，因此，有机化合物通常易挥发，熔点低。熔点低。5.Alkanes undergo reactions such as cracking,alkylation,oxidation,halogenation,nitration and so on.u烷烃能够发生裂解、烷基化、氧化、卤化烷烃能够发生裂解、烷基化、氧化、卤化、硝化等化学反应、硝化等化学反应。6.TNT is used for filling bombs,shells and hand grenades either alone or with other explos

23、ives.uTNT被用来单独或与其他炸药混合填充炸被用来单独或与其他炸药混合填充炸弹、炮弹和手雷。弹、炮弹和手雷。uTNT可用于单独填充炸弹、炮弹和手雷，可用于单独填充炸弹、炮弹和手雷，也可与其他炸药混合填充。也可与其他炸药混合填充。7.It has long been the practice to attempt the synthesis of natural products in the laboratory once their structures had been determined.u长期以来，人们一直尝试实验室合成已知长期以来，人们一直尝试实验室合成已知结构的天然产物。结

24、构的天然产物。8.If the product is suspected of being a compound already known,it is then physically compared with the known material to establish its identity.u如果产品疑为已知化合物，则应将其与已知化如果产品疑为已知化合物，则应将其与已知化合物进行物理性质的比较，以确定其身份。合物进行物理性质的比较，以确定其身份。9.Large-scale evaporation process is being developed and used for rec

25、overing potable water from seawater.Here the condensed water is the desired product.Only a fraction of the total water in the feed is recovered,and the remainder is discarded.u人们开发了大规模蒸发过程，并将其用于从海水中回收饮人们开发了大规模蒸发过程，并将其用于从海水中回收饮用水。这里，冷凝水是目标产品。仅有一小部分水被回收用水。这里，冷凝水是目标产品。仅有一小部分水被回收，大部分残余物都被丢弃了。，大部分残余物都被丢弃

26、了。10.A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but does not enter into the reaction itself.u催化剂是这样一种物质：它能够加速化学催化剂是这样一种物质：它能够加速化学反应，但其本身并不参与此化学反应。反应，但其本身并不参与此化学反应。11.The problem whether natural rubber is a polymer with linear chain molecules has been solved.u天然橡胶是否是线型链状分子的聚合物，天然橡胶是

27、否是线型链状分子的聚合物，这个问题已经解决了。这个问题已经解决了。u关于天然橡胶是否是线型链状分子聚合物关于天然橡胶是否是线型链状分子聚合物的问题已经解决了。的问题已经解决了。12.The material balance may be made for the entire plant or for any part of it as a unit,depending upon the problem at hand.u物料衡算可以是针对整个工厂的，也可以是物料衡算可以是针对整个工厂的，也可以是像单元操作那样的一个局部，这取决于我们像单元操作那样的一个局部，这取决于我们所研究的问题。所研究的

28、问题。13.The number of these basic unit operations is not very large and relatively few of them are involved in any particular process.u单元操作的总量并不多，而且任何一个给单元操作的总量并不多，而且任何一个给定的化工过程都是由这些单元操作中的很定的化工过程都是由这些单元操作中的很少一部分组成。少一部分组成。14.The versatility of chemical engineering originates in training to the practice

29、 of breaking up a complex process into individual physical steps,called unit operations,and into the chemical reactions.u化学工程的多功能性源于把复杂的过程分化学工程的多功能性源于把复杂的过程分解为独立的物理步骤（单元操作）以及化解为独立的物理步骤（单元操作）以及化学反应的实践中。学反应的实践中。增译表示动作意义的名词“作用、过程、现象、情况、变化”等例2：He made the assumption that the electronic charges is numeri

30、cally equal to the charge on a hydrogen.发电机可以把机械能再转变为电能。后置定语即位于其修饰名词之后的定语。例3：The functional group of a ketone consists of a carbon atom connected by a double bond to an oxygen atomTNT可用于单独填充炸弹、炮弹和手雷，也可与其他炸药混合填充。丙酮被用来制造多种重要的工业品。许多工业操作可用间歇操作或连续操作来完成。苯的一个同系物是甲苯，它是制造炸药的原料。在最简单的化学电池内，电解液是硫酸的水溶液。派生法（deriv

31、ation）：通过加前、后缀构成一个新词：and，和 ：and或or，“和”或“或”Over the years,tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.例1：In general，ethers are good solvents for fats，waxes and resins四、句子成分转换的译法例2：Organic compounds are not s

32、oluble in water because there is no tendency to separate their molecules into ions 苯的同系物就是那些被一个或多个烷基取代一个或多个氢原子所形成的产物。苯中取代基的存在对进入基团的方位及进入的难易程度起着强有力的控制作用。例1：Matter is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms that are composed of nuclear and electron.15.Designs which avoid the need for hazardou

33、s materials,or use less of them,or use them at lower temperatures and pressures,or dilute them with inert materials will be inherently safe and not require elaborate safety systems.u设计本身应该是安全的，但无需追求完美的安全设计本身应该是安全的，但无需追求完美的安全系统。应尽量避免使用或减少危险的原料的用量系统。应尽量避免使用或减少危险的原料的用量，或在较低温度和压力条件下使用，或用惰性材，或在较低温度和压力条件下使用，或用惰性材料稀释。料稀释。