牛津译林版九年级上册英语Unit 4 Growing up Grammar-Task知识点详解.docx

1、牛津译林版九年级上册英语Unit 4 Growing up Grammar-Task知识点详解Grammar1. 时间状语从句连词例句说明whenWhen I came into the room, he was writing a letter.when指的是“某一具体的时间”,引导的动词既可以是短暂性动词，也可以是延续性动词。whileWhile it was raining, they went out.I stayed while he was away.All of us are working hard while he is sleeping.while指“在某一段时间里”，“在

2、期间”，有时表示主从句的轻微转折，译为：“然而”while引导的动作必须是持续性的，表示的一种状态。asHe hurried home, looking behind as he went.As time goes by, I like China better.as（译为“一边一边”）引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生；as译为“随着” beforeI finished my task before I went home.Be a pupil before you become a teacher.在.以前afterHe arrived after the game starte

3、d.after“在之后”till/untilWe waited till(until) he came back .She didnt stop working until eleven oclock .Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到为止”；notuntil表示“直到才”。主句通常用瞬间动词，这时until可用before替换。He didnt leave until/before I came back.有时可用never, nothing代替not.如果从句放在句首表示强调，

4、一般用until, 不用till.sinceGreat changes have taken place in China since 1978.主句动词为持续性的，从句动词为瞬间的。如果状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开；如果从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。as soon asAs soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ill write to you. My brother went out as soon as I got home. Ill phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua.as soon as 表示主句发生的

5、动作发生在从句动作之后， 意为“一就”。如果主句是一般将来时，情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时，时间状语从句用一般现在时。当主句是一般过去时，从句一般也用一般过去时，简言之：主将从现；主过从过whenever Whenever he sees the book, he will think of the good memory.whenever = no matter when 无论何时【举一反三】1. -Mr. Smith, please teach me how to draw on the computer today.-Oh, no. _. You have to get familiar

6、 with the keyboard first.A. Its never too old to learnB. Think twice before you doC. Dont be a wet blanketD. Learn to walk before you run2. When will she go home? She _ home _ she finishes her homework.A. wont go ; before, B. goes; beforeC. wont go; until D. go; after3. -Could you tell me _? - Sorry

7、, I dont know. I will call you _.A. when your brother comes back； when he will come backB. when your brother will come back； when he comes backC. when your brother comes back； when he comes backD. when your brother will come back； when he will come back4.-What were you and your parents doing_ it beg

8、an to rain last night? - I was doing my homework_ my parents were watching TV.A. when；when B. while；whileC. when；while D. while；when5.She didnt go to work _ that morning. She slept _ noon.A. /tillB. ontillC.atatD. /at6. _ will the meeting between the two National leaders last? _ they reach an agreem

9、ent.A. When, UntilB. When, Not untilC. How long, UntilD. How long, Not until7.The Greens have_ the flat in the centre of city_ five years ago.A. bought; sinceB. bought; forC. had; sinceD. had; for8.He called me _ he started. And _ he arrives, Ill meet him at the airport.A. after; becauseB. before; a

10、s soon asC. while; whenD. until; as soon as2. The best moment is his career was in 2004he scored 41 points in a game against the Atlanta Hawks. 他职业生涯最好的时刻是2004年，他在对阵亚特兰大老鹰队的比赛中得了41分。against作介词，意为“对抗;与.相反;违反”,其反义词为for, 意为“支持;拥护”。We are playing against the league champions next week. Are you for or ag

11、ainst the proposal? 【拓展】against的其他常见用法“对.不利” The evidence is against him.“紧靠;倚;碰;撞” Put the piano there , against the wall. “以防” They took actions against fire. 【举一反三】When you visit a museum, some instructions should _and wed better not _ them.A. pay attention to ; be against B.be paid attention ; a

12、gainstC.be paid attention to ; against D.be paid attention to ; be against3. They can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of sentences. 它们可以放在句子的开头或中间。at the beginning of “在开头/开端” at the end of “在末尾/尽头”At the beginning of 1975 he came back to China.4. Before and after can also be used as pre

13、positions of time. Before和after也可用作时间介词。be used as “被用作”English is used as a very useful working language.【拓展】常见的used短语be used to do sth. 被用来做某事be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事be /get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事5. When Yao Ming was living in the USA, he returned to China whenever he was needed. 当姚明在美国生活的时

14、候，只要有需要，他就会回到中国。return作不及物动词，意为“回归、返回”，相当于go/come back。return to+地点，意为“返回某地”。I returned to my school yesterday.Ann will visit you when she returns to London.【拓展】return作及物动词，意为“归还”，相当于give back。You should return the piano to Dick on time.Integrated skills1. World Warbroke out in Europe in 1939 and en

15、ded in 1945. 第二次世界大战于1939 年在欧洲爆发,于1945年结束。break out 爆发（多指战争、火灾、打斗等不愉快事件突然发生）Fire broke out during the night.【拓展】含break的其他常见短语:break up 粉碎; 结束; 解散break down 坏掉, 出故障; 使分解break off 中断、停止、折断break into 强行闯; 撬开(汽车等)break in 打断他人说话【举一反三】A quarrel_ between the couple, which made their son break away from th

16、e family.A. broke intoB. broke upC. broke down D. broke out2. Life changed for everybody , including women and children because of the war. 因为这场战争,每个人的生活都发生了改变，包括妇女和儿童。 including作介词，意为“包括.在内”，其后常接名词或代词。Many tourists including foreigners like to buy Chinese knots as gifts during their trips.include作动

17、词，意为“包括;包含”。Our plan includes most of your suggestions.3. It was a record of that time , and it has also become a symbol of the victory of the human spirit.它记录了那个时代,也成为人类精神胜利的一个象征。record作名词，意为“记录”。hold/keep a record 保持纪录break a record 打破纪录symbol作名词，意为“象征”。a symbol of 的象征、的标志The Great Wall is the sym

18、bol of China.4. Anne and her elder sister died of illness 安妮和她的姐姐死于疾病。die of/from 死于【辨析】die of 与 die fromdie of 强调死于内因,主要指饥饿、年老等原因。die from强调死于外因,主要指地震、交通等原因。She died of a heart attack.He died from a traffic accident.【拓展】die out 灭绝;消失 die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐平息illness作名词，意为“疾病、身体不适”。Some children are away f

19、rom school because of illness.【举一反三】Millions of people _ cancer from all over the world every year and more and more people _ car accidents because of the heavy traffic.A. die from; die of B. die out; die fromC. die of; die from D. die upon; die of5.Her father had her diary published. 她的父亲将她的日记出版。ha

20、ve sth. done “让/使某事被做”, 表示 “让(他人)为你做(某事)”, 相当于get/make sth. done。过去分词表示被动,与 sth.构成动宾关系。I had my hair cut yesterday. She had her bag stolen. 【拓展】have sth. to do 有某事要做I have an important task to finish.have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事，相当于get sb. to do sth.。I had Mary clean my bedroom yesterday. 【举一反三】When are

21、you going to have your watch _?I am going to have Ms. Li _ my watch this weekend.Afixed; fixBfixed; fixedCfixing; to fixDto fix; fixed6. Because the German Nazis hated the Jews and wanted to kill them.因为德国纳粹分子憎恨犹太人,并想杀害他们.German adj.德国(人)的;德语的 n.德语 n.德国人 复数形式:GermansGermany n.德国7. During that diffic

22、ult time , Anne kept writing in her diary until they were discovered by the Nazis in August 1944. 在那段艰难的时期,安妮一直坚持写日记直到他们在1944年8月被纳粹分子发现。keep (on ) doing sth. 继续/重复做某事After she returned home , she kept thinking about what to do to help those kids.Keep on practicing and youll make progress.【拓展】keep sb

23、. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 （from不能省略）I keep them waiting at the gate.The heavy rain kept them from going out.8. In her diary , Anne wrote down her thoughts. 在日记里,安妮写下了她的想法。thought作名词，意为“想法，看法，主意”。复数形式为 thoughtsIts an interesting thought.这个想法很有趣【拓展】thoughtful adj. 深思的;体贴的My

24、 mother is a very thoughtful woman.think v. 认为,想，过去式和过去分词均为 thought。9. The book A Small Free Kiss in the Dark is also about a young homeless boy and how he survived the war with his friends.黑暗中的轻轻一吻这本书也讲述了一个无家可归的男孩以及他是如何跟朋友在战争中幸存下来的。survive作动词，意为“幸存，生存”，它的名词形式是 ，意为“幸存，幸存物”，“幸存者”是 。With his hard work

25、 , more and more trees have survived.10. I admire these children for their courage.我钦佩这些孩子的勇气。admire作动词，意为“钦佩，羡慕”。admire sb./sth. 钦佩某人/某事admire sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而钦佩某人Many teenagers admire the scientists like Yuan Longping.I admire you for your success in business.courage作不可数名词，意为“勇气”。have/

26、lose the courage to do sth. 有/失去勇气做某事have no courage to do sth. 没有勇气做某事take courage 鼓起勇气Gradually I have the courage to speak out about anything.Take courage, and I will accompany you! 11. However , its a pity that they couldnt enjoy a happy life just as we do. 然而很遗憾他们不能像我们一样享受幸福生活。It is a pity that

27、. 很遗憾.What a pity! 多么遗憾啊!12. Although we live in peace , some children in other parts of the world still live in fear of their lives. 尽管我们生活在和平年代,然而世界上其他地方的一些孩子仍然过着为生命安全而担忧的生活。fear作不可数名词，意为“害怕; 担忧”.in fear of . 为.担忧Little Simba went hunting alone. The Lion King walked around, in fear of his safety.W

28、e walked quietly, in fear of being discovered.13. The Diary of a Young Girl was written by a girl named Anne Frank.一个年轻女孩的日记是一个名叫安妮弗兰克的女孩写的。named此处为动词的过去分词作定语，意为“被称为、被叫作”，与called同义。This is a book named/called Journey to the West .The Greens have a daughter named/called Kate.Study skills1. In this bo

29、ok, Anne, a Jewish girl, describes her boredom with being away from the outside world, he unhappiness with living in a small place all year, and her fear of discovery and death. 在这本书中，安妮，一个犹太女孩，描述了她远离外面世界的无聊，他在一个小地方住了一年的不快乐，她害怕被发现和死亡。describe作及物动词，意为“描述”，名词形式为description。Please describe the book you

30、 are reading.death作不可数名词，意为“死亡”，动词是die，形容词是dead。The sudden death of his mother made him very sad.【举一反三】1.To our sadness, an old man _ in a wooden house. Nobody knew when he _. But when I thought of his _, I always feel pity.A. was found dead; died; deathB. has dead; died; deathC. was found dead; dea

31、th; dyingD. has been dead; dying; died2. a book which sells well 卖得很好的一本书sell well 畅销，不可用于被动语态中。His shoes became popular and sold well.【拓展】sell out 卖光常用于被动语态，其被动结构为 be sold out。All the blue dresses in the shop have been sold out.Task1. My father is in his fifties. 我爸爸五十多岁。“in ones +整十数词的复数”表示 “在某人.岁

32、时”in ones twenties/thirties/forties 在某人二十几岁/三十几岁/四十几岁时”Yuan Longping, the Father of Hybrid Rice still worked in his nineties.【拓展】“in the +整十数词的复数”表示“在某个年代”in the seventies/eighties/nineties 在七十/八十/九十年代2. You will not find anything unusual about him until you learn more。直到你更多地了解他你才会发现他的不寻常之处。unusual作

33、形容词，意为“不寻常的“，反义词是 ，意为“通常的,寻常的”。【构词法】在部分形容词前加un-; dis-; im-; in-; ir-等前缀, 构成对应的反义词un-: unable, unhappy, unimportant等dis-: dishonestim-: impossible, impolite, impatient等in-: incorrectir-: irregular3. To my surprise , he has decided to donate his body for medical research after his death.今我惊讶的是,他已决定去世后

34、捐献遗体供医学研究。surprise作名词，意为“惊奇，诧异”；作动词，意为“使惊奇；使感到意外”。to ones surprise 令某人惊奇的是in surprise 惊讶地To my surprise, he stood up immediately.She looked up in surprise.His strange question surprised her.surprised 形容词 感到惊讶的 通常形容人，指某人对某事感到惊讶look surprised看起来吃惊的样子 (侧重人的感受) be surprised at sth. be surprised to do st

35、h.surprising 形容词 令人惊奇的 通常修饰事/物，指某人/某物令人惊奇a surprising ending一个意想不到的结局 (侧重说明事物)【举一反三】Much to our _, Sam wasnt _ at the _ news.A. surprise; surprised; surprise B. surprise; surprised; surprisingC. surprised; surprising; surprised D. surprising; surprised; surpriseresearch既可作动词，也可作名词，意为“研究;调查”。do resea

36、rch on sth. 进行关于某事的研究Hes been researching material for a documentary.death作名词，意为“死，死亡”。People across the country were sad to hear about his death.【拓展】dying adj; 垂死的dead adj; 死的 强调状态，常与时间段连用die v. 死亡 非延续性动词，不与时间段连用At least six people died in the accident.Shes seriously ill and Im afraid she is dying.We didnt know if she was dead or alive.第 10 页 共 10 页