大学英语四级考试核心高频词汇突破.doc

1、前言大学英语四、六级考试改革已有一段时间了。但无论其形式如何变化，掌握并有效地运用英语词汇仍是每一个英语学习者亟待解决的问题。几乎每个学习英语并想通过各类英语考试的人都在背单词，都希望在最短的时间内掌握考点词汇，但通常是顾此失彼。这就要求考生在面对英语考试的时候，要目标明确。大学英语四级考试核心高频词汇突破一书给考生提供了有效学习单词的方法，帮助考生有的放矢、高效地掌握必须掌握的词汇，从而顺利地通过英语考试。大学英语四级考试核心高频词汇突破一书以词在考试中的频率为纲，词在句中的理解为线，词在阅读中的辨析为点，贯穿全书。其中还以真题训练为本，以时间为单位进行科学合理的巩固练习，进而使广大考生全面

2、、有效地掌握英语词汇在句中的语义及使用。本书的具体特点如下：1. 阐释全面，强调辅助记忆的环环相扣。所选词汇都配有音标、大纲释义与例句。值得一提的是每个例句还配有中文的译文。2. 目标明确，强调应试学习的事半功倍。高频词汇皆从真题中选出，词汇的例句都是从真题的阅读理解、词汇与结构题中精选出来的，这既能给考生提供真实的语境，又是一种潜在的应试准备与技巧训练。3. 效用词汇，强调频率出现的高低。我们通过计算机对1993年至今的四级考试真题认真地进行了分析、汇总，准确记录其间出现的全部四级大纲词汇及其出现频率，因此书中所录词汇皆为四级考试中频繁出现而且必须掌握的。4. 主次分明，强调重点记忆的先后。

3、本书词条的编排以单词在历年的真题中出现的频率高低为排列依据，频率高的在先，打破以往的编排常规，以便考生最早、最快、最有效地消化那些出现频率高而又重要的词汇。本书凝结了编著者的多年教学经验与心血，为在摸索中的广大莘莘学子点亮了一盏前进的明灯。祝广大考生在即将到来的四级考试中取得好成绩!编者目录第1天1频率为24、23、1910次的单词第2天20频率为9、8次的单词第3天38频率为7次的单词第4天53频率为6次的单词(一)第5人67频率为6次的单词(二)第6天80频率为5次的单词(一)第7天91频率为5次的单词(二)第8天107频率为4次的单词(一)第9天122频率为4次的单词(二)第10天139

4、频率为4次的单词(三)第11人153频率为3次的单词(一)第12人169频率为3次的单词(二)第13天184频率为3次的单词(三)第14天200频率为3次的单词(四)第15天216频率为3次的单词(五)第16天231频率为2次的单词(一)第17天246频率为2次的单词(二)第18天257频率为2次的单词(三)第19天270频率为2次的单词(四)第20天283频率为2次的单词(五)第21天297频率为2次的单词(六)第22天310频率为2次的单词(七)第23天322频率为2次的单词(八)第24天337频率为2次的单词(九)第25天349频率为2次的单词(十)第26天363常考词组附录387单词索

5、引第1天频率为24次的单词consumer n. 消费者，用户，消耗者The price increases were passed on by the firm to the consumers. 公司把价格上涨转嫁给了消费者。/The factory is a big coal consumer in the region. 这家工厂是这一地区的用煤大户。频率为23次的单词social adj. 社会的The family is a social unit. 家庭是社会的组成单位。交际的，社交的a social engagement社交约会【记忆】soci(词根)社会social社会的，社

6、交的product n. 产品，产物He was a typical product of his generation and background. 他是那个时代背景下那代人的典型代表。乘积40 is the product of 8 and 5. 40是8和5的乘积。词汇辨析product, produce, production product意为“产品，产物”，是最普通用词。指由劳动力或土地生产的东西，一般是工业产品，有时也借喻文学艺术作品。This work was the product of twenty years of labor. 这部作品是二十年劳动的结晶。produc

7、e意为“产品，产物，农产品”，特指农产品的总称，因为具有“集合的”意味，所以不能用复数形式。大体来说，produce指自然的产物。The rich produce of the mountainous district is conveyed by rail to the neighbouring cities. 这个山区丰富的农产品由火车运到邻近的城市。production意为“产品，生产”，它有两个含义：一是指生产的行为，一是指生产的结果，主要是根据身心的劳动而得到的产物。借喻时指文学艺术作品。He put forward a plan for improving the rate of

8、production. 他提出一个提高生产率的计划。likely adj. 可能的，有希望的It seemed hardly likely that they would agree. 看上去他们不太可能同意。 适合的It is really a likely spot to build a house on. 那儿真是建造房屋的合适地点。/There were several likely candidates for the job. 有好几个比较适合这项工作的人选。adv. 可能Theyll likely buy a new car this year. 他们今年可能会买辆新车。【用法】

9、be likely to do sth. 和It is likely that.表示“很可能”。The train is likely to be late. 这趟火车很可能晚点。/It is very likely that he will not consent. 很可能他不会同意。频率为19次的单词system n . 系统，体系We have a large system of railway. 我们有一个庞大的铁路系统。制度，体制What system of government do you have in your country?你们国家的政体是什么?方法，做法a good s

10、ystem of teaching English教英语的一种好方法4身体Too much anxiety has weakened his aunts system. 他姑姑因为过于焦虑而变得虚弱。activity n. 活动，行动Too many extracurricular activities take up too much of our precious time for study. 课外活动太多，占去了我们很多宝贵的学习时间。活跃，活力The classroom was full of activity；every child was busy. 教室里充满了活跃的气氛，每个

11、孩子都忙个不停。频率为18次的单词reward n. 报答，奖赏Clare offered a fifty-dollar reward for the return of her lost dog. 克莱尔为了找回她丢失的狗悬赏50美元。2报酬，酬金get nothing in reward for ones hard work辛苦工作而无任何报酬/give sb. a reward of￥100给某人100元人民币的报酬vt. 报答，酬谢，奖励How can I reward your generosity?我怎样才能报答你的慷慨呢?频率为17次的单词stress n. 压力，紧张(同义：s

12、train，pressure, tension)He was under financial stress. 他经济状况十分窘迫。/Some young people are completely struck down by the stress of examinations. 有些年轻人被考试的压力完全压垮了。强调，重要性(同义：emphasis)Father always puts a lot of stress on good table manners. 父亲一向非常强调要有好的餐桌礼仪。3应力4重音The stress is on the first syllable. 重音在第

13、一个音节上。vt. 强调，着重，重读The speaker stressed the importance of education. 发言人强调了教育的重要性。/He stressed the need for better education. 他强调需要更好的教育。词汇辨析stress，pressure，strain，tension stress表示使物体变形的力，如重力、压力；也可指由于某种原因而引起的心理或情绪乃至身体上的紧张。She couldnt cope with the stresses of the city life，so she decided to move to t

14、he countryside. 由于承受不了城市生活的紧张压力，她决定移居乡村。pressure通常指压迫物体表面的压力，还指他人、外界或社会施加的强制力或影响力。Pressure was brought to bear on Smith to make him change his mind about not doing his work. 有人给史密斯施加压力，以期改变他原不想工作的想法。strain在科技文中指使物体变形的力，尤指张力和拉力。用于与人有关的事情时，则多指非常吃力以致影响人健康的紧张状态。Its generally held that most earthquakes a

15、re caused by the sudden release of elastic strain when this becomes greater than the strength of the rock. 人们通常认为大部分地震是由于弹性应力变得比岩石强度大而突然释放出来造成的。tension指两种引起弹性物体伸张的平衡力中的一种，非科技用法则指因关系不友好而造成的紧张状态。To ease the Middle East tension will play an important part in promoting peace and development of the whole

16、 world. 缓和中东地区紧张局势对促进世界和平与发展将起到重要作用。expert n. 专家，能手He is a leading expert on agriculture in China. 他是中国首屈一指的农业专家。adj. 专家的，内行的，熟练的All the young men are expert drivers. 所有这些年轻人都是驾驶能手。concern n. 关心的事Its no concern of mine. 这事与我无关。/The managing directors only concern was how to improve the quality of th

17、eir products. 总经理心里想的全是如何提高产品质量。关心，担心a nurses concern for a sick man护士对病人的关心关系，关联a matter of the utmost concern关系重大的事，头等大事公司，企业Our concern only makes shoes for children. 本公司专做童鞋。vt. 涉及，有关于an article that concerns the plight of homeless people关于无家可归者处境的文章使关心，使担心The firms weak financial posture is sta

18、rting to concern its stockholders. 这个公司的财政危机困扰着股东们。【词组】as/so far asbe concerned就而言As far as they themselves are concerned, they are safe and sound. 至于他们自身，则安然无恙。【用法】concerned作前置定语时，表示“关切的”，作后置定语时，表示“有关的”。the concerned parents of youthful offenders少年犯们忧心忡忡的父母/the authorities concerned有关当局【记忆】cern(词根)

19、搞清，区别concern关心，涉及；关系到频率为16次的单词university n. 大学Oxford University牛津大学/a university professor大学教授/university course大学课程individual adj. 个别的，单独的，个人的The teacher gave individual instruction to the students before exams. 考前老师给学生们进行了个别指导。独特的I can identify her handwriting because of its individual style. 我能认出

20、她的字，因为其风格独特。n. 个人，个体Knowledge is crucial in determining an individuals intelligence. 一个人的智慧取决于知识。【辨析】参见private(P44)频率为15次的单词view n. 看法，见解，观点In my view，the scheme seems impractical. 依我看，这计划似乎不实用。观察，视野，眼界That hill blocks my view. 那座小山挡住了我的视野。景色，风景The new building spoils the view from our windows. 那座新建

21、筑破坏了我们窗外的景色。vt. 看待，考虑，估量In Britain，and on the Continent too，the Japanese are sometimes viewed as a threat to domestic industries. 在英国以及欧洲大陆，日本人有时被看作对本地工业的一种威胁。观察，看The police viewed the scene of the crime. 警方察看了犯罪现场。【词组】in view of鉴于，考虑到in view of these facts鉴于这些事实| with a view to为了He has bought the l

22、and with a view to building a house. 他买这块地是要盖房子。词汇辨析view，scene view指在某一位置所能看见的实物。A fine view of the city can be obtained from the tower of the Town Hall.站在市政厅的塔楼上可以俯瞰全城的美丽景色。scene侧重指展现在眼前的可见的风景或景物。The sunrise was a wonderful scene. 日出是一种奇妙的景观。opportunity n. 机会，时机(同义：chance, probability) Many new opp

23、ortunities will be opened up in the future for those with a university education. 受过高等教育的人将来会有很多新机会。hunt n. 打猎，猎取a member of the hunt打猎队中的一员搜寻，寻找Our hunt for a cheaper house is at last at an end. 我们想寻找一幢便宜些的房子的事终于有了结果。驱逐，追逐，追捕witch hunt搜捕女巫；政治迫害v. 打猎，猎取hunt the county在这个郡中打猎搜寻，寻找Weve been hunting fo

24、r the lost boy all over. 我们一直都在到处寻找那个失踪的男孩。驱逐，追逐，追捕They hunted him down and strung him up. 捉住他后，他们将他捆了起来。【词组】hunt down对穷追到底，追捕到The determined detective decided to hunt down the serial killer. 坚定不移的侦探决定对连环杀手穷追到底。challenge n. 艰巨的任务a career that offers a challenge大有作为的事业怀疑，质问a challenge to a theory对一项理

25、论的质疑3挑战，邀请比赛This examination is a real challenge. 这次考试是个真正的挑战。vt. 向挑战f同义：confront)He challenged me to a game of chess. 他向我挑战下棋。对质疑，对怀疑(同义：question, doubt，dispute)a book that challenges established beliefs质疑既定信念的书籍频率为14次的单词process n. 过程，进程(同义：course，procedure) the process of obtaining a drivers licen

26、se取得驾照的过程2工序，制作法a manufacturing process生产工序 (法律)程序，(诉讼)手续a complex legal process繁琐的法律程序vt. 加工，处理，办理First we received the order，then processed it，and finally dispatched the goods. 我们首先接到订单，然后进行加工处理，最后发送货物。频率为13次的单词project n. 方案，计划(同义：plan, scheme)A project to establish a new national park is under wa

27、y. 建立一座新国家公园的计划正在进行中。课题，项目The committee granted funds for a research project. 委员会已经给一个研究项目拨了专款。工程The new dam is a major construction project，funded by the government. 新水坝是一项由政府出资的主要建设工程。vt. 投射，发射，放映I had n0 screen，so I projected the slides onto an old white sheet. 因为没有屏幕，我把幻灯片投射到一张白色的旧床单上。伸出Some cre

28、atures project their tongue to catch flies and other insects.有些动物会伸出舌头捕捉苍蝇和其他昆虫。vi. 伸出，突出His eyebrows project noticeably. 他的眉毛特别突出。amount n. 量，数量，数额He has saved a large amount of money for travelling in Europe next year. 为了明年游历欧洲，他已经积攒了一大笔钱。总额，总数(同义：sum，total) What is the amount of my bill?我的账单一共是多少

29、钱?vi. (to)合计，共计His debts amount to over $1,000. 他负债总共超过一千美元。 (在意义、价值等方面)等同，接近Your words amount to a refusal. 你说的话等于是拒绝。【记忆】a-(前缀)表示“运动方向”amount总计；等于ability n. 能力，本领We found him a job more suited to his abilities. 我们为他找到了更适合发挥他才能的工作。/a man of ability有本事的人才能，才智great musical ability卓越的音乐才华【词组】to the be

30、st of ones ability尽自己最大努力I have done the job to the best of my ability. 我已经尽力做这项工作了。【用法】ability后可接动词不定式、介词in或for，但不能接of。 She has the ability to organize a club. 她有能力组织一个俱乐部。/She has the ability in/for organization. 她有组织能力。【真题】He soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man o

31、f considerable _ .A) future B) possibility C) ability D) opportunity 选C 他很快得到了提升，因为他的上司意识到他是一个非常有能力的人。这四个选项的意思分别是：A)“将来，未来，前景”；B)“可能(性)”；C)“能力，本领；才能，才智”；D)“机会”。C)符合题意。频率为12次的单词rate n. 速度，进度They are driving at me rate of 50kilometres an hour. 他们以每小时50公里的速度开车。比率，率Velocity is the rate of change of dist

32、ance with respect to time. 速度是距离与时间之比。价格，费There is now a rate war among the worlds airlines. 目前，全球各航空公司正在进行价格战。vt. 对估价，评估We rate your services highly. 我们对你的服务评价很高。给定级，把列为(同义：grade，rank) He rates himself above an ordinary clerk. 他认为自己的级别高于一般职员。值得，应得That joke didnt rate a laugh. 那个笑话不值得一笑。vi. 被评价，被列入特

33、定级别She rates high. 她得到的评价很高。/Shanghai rates as the biggest trade center in China. 上海是中国最大的贸易中心。【词组】at any rate无论如何，至少At any rate，I must go on Monday. 无论如何. 星期一我一定要去。| at this rate照这种情形，既然这样At this rate，they cant afford this house. 照这种情形，他们买不起这座房子。radiation n. 放射物，辐射物The girl suffered from radiation

34、exposure. 这个女孩因为暴露在辐射物中而受伤害。辐射The prison authorities poisoned him with slow radiation. 监狱当局用慢性辐射毒害他。feature n. 当局特征，特色The magazine makes a marked feature of fashion. 这种杂志的显著特色就是时尚。常pl.面貌，相貌He has a tall figure，and a good set of features. 他身材高大，五官端正。特写，专题节目a front-page feature on coal-mining有关采煤的头版特写

35、故事片feature films故事片vt. 突出，由主演The play featured two well-known actors 这出戏由两位著名的演员主演。/a film featuring famous actors由大明星主演的影片February n. 二月I started learning English on February this year. 我今年二月开始学英语。environment n. 环境，周围状况，自然环境(同义：surrounding, circumstance) We, the youth, should strive to maintain wor

36、ld peace and create a peaceful international environment for the nations modernization drive.我们年轻人应该为维护世界和平以及为国家的现代化建设创造和平的国际环境而努力。【辨析】参见background(P204)create vt. 创造，创作，创建Dickens created many wonderful characters in his novel. 狄更斯在小说中塑造了许多惟妙惟肖的人物。引起，产生Its bound to create trouble sooner or later. 这肯

37、定迟早会引起麻烦。【记忆】ere(词根)创造，生长，增长create创造，创作；产生，制造crash vi. 碰撞，倒下，坠落Their car crashed into a guardrail. 他们的车撞上了护栏。/The airplane crashed over the ocean. 飞机在海上坠毁。发出撞击(或爆裂)声breakers crashing against the rocks海浪撞在岩石上的哗哗声垮台，破产His business plan crashed. 他的商业计划失败了。vt. 撞击，砸碎crash the vase to the floor把花瓶砸碎在地上冲，闯

38、crash the party擅自闯入聚会n. 碰撞，坠落，坠毁a car crash撞车事故破裂声，哗啦声The car hit the tree with a crash. 汽车轰隆一声撞到了树上。advertise vt. 为做广告，宣传The enterprise advertised the products for sale on television.这家公司在电视上做广告以出售产品。(在报刊、电视、广播等中)公布，通知 The notice of the conference is advertised in the newspaper. 报纸上刊登了会议公告。vi. 登广告，

39、做广告，登公告They will advertise for someone to manage the hotel. 他们要登广告招聘新人管理酒店。【难句】Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. 在广告上花钱与在其他任何我所知的东西上花钱毫无两样。频率为11次的单词writer n. 作者，作家a speech writer讲稿执笔人/the writer of a letter写信人/a film writer-director电影编导tend tend vi. 易于，往往会People who

40、 always smoke tend to get lung cancer. 常抽烟的人易患肺癌。趋向，倾向(同义：incline) His style tends to elaboration. 他的风格倾向于精雕细琢。vt. 照管，护理(同义：help, nurse，look after) tend plants照料花木/tend the sick and wounded护理伤病员【难句】Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequence

41、s may not seem obvious. 如果一段时间没有反复练习，那么学过的东西就有可能被忘记，适应的结果也好像并不明显。status n. 地位，身份(同义：standing，identity，position) the social status of women in China today今日中国妇女的社会地位/ Doctors have high status in most countries.在许多国家医生的地位都很高。情形，状况a status report on foreign affairs一份外交形势报告【真题】The clothes a person wears

42、 may express his _ or social position.A) curiosity B) status C ) determination D) significance 选B一个人的着装可大致体现他的身份或社会地位。四个选项的含义分别为：A)“好奇心”；B)“身份，地位”；C)“决定；判决”；D)“意义”。statute n. 成文法；法令，法规by statute依据法规章程，规则，条例the statute of a university 大学规章制度roader n. 读者Im a great reader of science fiction. 我很喜欢看科幻小说。

43、读物，读本We use the graded English readers. 我们使用分级英语教材。per prep. 每，每一ten cents per pound每磅十美分local adj. 地方性的，当地的，本地的The writers fame is local rather than national. 这位作家在当地比在国内其他地方有名。局部的，狭隘的Youd better not hold a local viewpoint. 你最好不要持有狭隘的观点。n. 常pl. 当地人，本地人It is difficult to make friends with the locals

44、. 很难与当地人交朋友。highway n. 公路，交通要道highways and byways 干道和支线/a highway to success成功之路brand n. 商标，(商品的)牌子特殊类型He has his own brand of humour. 他有他独特的幽默。vt. 打烙印于，以烙铁打标记于Farmer Browns cattle are branded with the letter B. 布朗农场里的牛身上都烙有字母“B”。加污名于，谴责The opposition parties are branding the Premier as a man withou

45、t principle. 反对党谴责首相是个没有原则的人。【难句】Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWsthe locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. 当然，人们现在对成功及其各种标志的兴趣似乎并不亚于先前。消夏别墅、欧陆旅行、宝马车地点、地名以及名牌或许会有变化，但这类事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不会亚于一二十年前。assume vt. 假定，假设，臆断(同义：suppose, presume, believe, think；反义：conclude) I assume that you have heard the news. 想必你已听到了消息。 承担，担任，就职He assumed the