高考英语一轮复习（课标2卷B版）课件：专题七　语篇型语法填空.ppt

1、A A组组 统一命题统一命题课标卷题组课标卷题组 Passage 1(2018课标全国) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 1 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A t

2、aste for meat is 3 (actual)behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4 (improve)water quality. Corn uses less water 5 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥)r

3、un-off. This switch has decreased 6 (pollute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 五年高考 According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7 (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 200

4、5when the govern- ment 8 (start) a soil-testing program 9 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while 10 (feed) it

5、s citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the banks Juergen Voegele. 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。自2011年以来,随着中国人的饮食结构的变化,在中国种植 玉米的数量显著增加,而种植水稻的数量下降了。 1.has grown 句意:自2011年以来,中国种植玉米的数量超过了水稻。本题考查时态和主谓一 致。根据句中时间状语Since 2011可知,此处使用现在完成时,且主语为单数,故填has grown。 2.the 句

6、意:在过去的25年里,玉米的产量已经激增了将近125%,而水稻的产量只增长了7%。 本题考查冠词。over the past 25 years在过去的25年里。 3.actually 句意:对于肉类的喜爱实际上是这一变化背后的原因:中国的玉米有很重要的一个 作用就是,用来饲养鸡、猪和牛。本题考查副词。此处需用副词作状语,故用actual的副词形 式actually。 4.to improve 句意:玉米产量增长的另一个原因是:政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻来提高 水质。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。此处“提高水质”为鼓励农民种玉米的目的,故使用动 词不定式作目的状语。 5.than 句意:玉米用水

7、量比水稻少,造成更少的化肥流失。本题考查介词。根据句中的less可 知,此处表示比较,故使用介词than。 6.pollution 句意:这种变化已经减少了中国主要湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水变得更 安全了。本题考查名词。空格处作decreased的宾语,故使用pollute的名词形式pollution。 7.global 句意:根据世界银行的统计,中国占了全球化肥总消耗量的大约30%。本题考查形容 词。空格处作fertilizer consumption的定语,故使用globe的形容词形式global。 8.started 句意:中国农业部发现在2005年和2011年之间,化肥的使用减少

8、了770万吨。2005年 政府启动了土壤检测项目,它向农民推荐特定的化肥。本题考查时态。关系副词when=in 200 5,由此可知此处使用一般过去时。 9.that/which 本题考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词为program,指物,关系词在从句中作主 语,故使用关系代词that或which。 10.feeding 本题考查非谓语动词作状语。名词China和动词feed构成逻辑上的主动关系,故使 用现在分词作时间状语。 长难句长难句 Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while ric

9、e has in- creased only 7 percent. 在过去的25年里,玉米的产量已经激增了将近125%,而水稻的产量只增 长了7%。 本句中while为并列连词,连接两个并列分句,表示对比,意为 “然而,而”。 Passage 2(2018课标全国) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1 (long)than non-runners. You dont have to run fast

10、or for long 2 (see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3 (die)early by running. While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 4 (be)more effective at lengthening life 5 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review

11、also made a study published in 2014 6 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7 (cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise.its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do

12、 exercises to 8 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always 9 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 10 a try. 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 本文为说明文。文

13、章介绍了跑步对人们保持身体健康的好处。 1.longer 句意:根据一份医学杂志中的证据报告,跑步者比非跑步者的寿命要长3年。根据题 干中的than可知设空处需用副词比较级形式,故填longer。 2.to see 句意:你不必为了弄清跑步带来的好处而跑得很快、很久。本题考查非谓语动词。 由句意可知,此处在句中作目的状语,主语you与动词see为主动关系,故填不定式的主动式to see。 3.dying 句意:你可能饮酒、吸烟、超重,但你仍然可以通过跑步降低过早死亡的危险。本题 考查非谓语动词。介词(of)后需用动名词形式作宾语,根据提示词die可知设空处填dying。 4.is 句意:虽然经

14、常跑步不可能使你长生不老,但报告上说与走路、骑自行车或游泳相比,跑 步对延长寿命更有效。本题考查主谓一致和时态。设空处所在从句被用来介绍一种理论,需 用一般现在时;再根据主语it及提示词be可知设空处填is。 5.than 本题考查介词。根据题干中的“more effective”可知设空处需填介词than,意为 “比”。 6.that/which 句意:该报告的其中两名作者在2014年还发表了一项研究,这项研究表明每天只 跑步5至10分钟便可以降低患心脏病或由于各种原因导致过早死亡的危险。本题考查定语从 句。先行词为study,指“物”;将先行词代入定语从句后为:The study show

15、ed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作 主语,故填that或which。 7.causes 本题考查名词的“数”。cause作“原因”讲,为可数名词;根据设空处前的all可知 设空处填名词复数形式,故填causes。 8.strengthen 句意:为了避免膝盖疼痛,你可以在柔软的地面上跑步、锻炼以增强你的腿部肌 肉。设空处作目的状语,需用不定式形式,故在不定式符号to后填动词原形strengthen。 9.energetic 设空处作表语,表

16、示主语的特征,故填形容词energetic。 10.it/running 句意:如果你时间不充裕,你只需要花费其他运动一半的时间去跑步便可获得同 样的收益,因此或许我们都应该试一试跑步。设空处作give的宾语,需填名词或代词,因此用it 代替上文中的running或直接填running作宾语。 长难句长难句 While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 虽

17、然经常跑步不可能使你长生不老,但报 告说与走路、骑自行车或游泳相比,跑步对延长寿命更有效。 While running regularly cant make you live forever为让步状语从句,后面的句子为主句。在主 句中it is more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming为宾语从句,作says 的宾语。 高级语块高级语块 1.review n. 述评,汇报,报告 2.reduce ones risk of.降低某人的风险 Passage 3(2018课标全国) 阅读下面短文,在空白处

18、填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Im not sure 1 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 2 top of her lungs. That makes her b

19、a- by scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 3 (loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 4 (look)directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel 5 (challenge). My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a

20、 6 (science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 7 these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 8 (they)alive. True to go-

21、rillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal 9 (mean)me no real harm. He was just saying:“I m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!”Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 10 (stay)and watch. 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 本文为记叙文。作者讲述了自己和大猩猩的近距离接触。尽管大猩猩表现得很 凶猛,但它们并非好斗的动物。 1.who 此处表示“我不确定谁更感到害怕”。本题考查宾语

22、从句。“ is more fright- ened”为宾语从句,该从句缺少主语,故填who。 2.the 句意:出乎意料的是,我正与那只大猩猩面对面,它开始声嘶力竭地尖叫。本题考查冠 词。at the top of ones lungs意为“声嘶力竭地”。 3.loudest 句意:它尖叫的声音最大。本题考查副词最高级。根据句意及本句中的“of all” 可知设空处填副词最高级,故填loudest。 4.looking 句意:我迅速弯下身,低下头以避免直视它的眼睛以便它不会感到受到了挑战。本 题考查非谓语动词作宾语。动词avoid后须用动名词形式作宾语且look与主语I为逻辑上的主 动关系,故

23、填动名词looking。 5.challenged 本题考查非谓语动词作表语。主语he与challenge(挑战)为逻辑上的被动关系,故 填过去分词形式challenged。 6.scientist 句意:我是研究猿和猴子等动物的科学家。本题考查名词。设空处作表语,说明主 语的身份;根据提示词science可知填scientist。 7.for 句意:我正在搜寻这三只我一直在观察的西部低地大猩猩。本题考查动词短语。search for为动词短语,意为“搜寻”。 8.them 本题考查代词。设空处指代从句中的the gorillas,以避免重复,故填them。 9.meant 句意:大猩猩确实有

24、不好斗的本性,那只巨大的动物并不是真的要伤害我。本题考查 时态。根据上下文可知,本空用一般过去时,故填meant。 10.to stay 句意:一旦它的信息传递了,它就允许我待在那里观察(它们)。本题考查非谓语动 词作宾补。allow后须加不定式作宾补;又因为宾语me与stay为逻辑上的主动关系,故填to stay。 长难句长难句 I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.我迅速弯下身,低下头以避免直视它的眼睛以便它不会

25、感到受到了挑战。 ducking.为现在分词短语作lower myself的伴随状语;to avoid looking directly into his eyes为不 定式短语作ducking my head的目的状语。 高级语块高级语块 1.scream v.尖叫 2.unaggressive adj.不好斗的,没有攻击性的 Passage 4(2017课标全国) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It

26、 ran for just un- der seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 3 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof ov

27、er 4 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines 5 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 6 (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25

28、,000 people were using 7 every day. Later, engineers 8 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 9 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 10 (s

29、uc- cess)of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red car- riages, and proved extremely popular with the public. 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 本文为记叙文,讲述了世界上第一条地铁伦敦地铁的起源和铁路最初的发 展历程。 1.crowds 本题考查名词。avoid“避免”后可跟名词或动名词作宾语。因为此空前有形容 词terrible修饰,故排除动名词形式;crowd作“人群”解时,为可数名词,故需用复数

30、形式。 2.from 本题考查介词。由语境可知此处指“上下班(to and from work)”。 3.laying 本题考查动名词作宾语。由上文中的included digging 和下文的and then building可 知,此处为并列的动名词作included的宾语。 4.the 本题考查冠词。此处表特指,故需用定冠词修饰名词。 5.were used 本题考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语Steam engines和use之间为被动 关系,且由上文语境和下文的must have been可知叙述的是过去发生的事,故需用一般过去时的 被动语态;又因主语是名词的复数形式,故be动词

31、需用were。 6.fairly 本题考查副词。修饰形容词unpleasant需用副词形式,故填fairly。 7.it 本题考查代词。此处指代上文中提到的the railway,需用代词it。 8.managed 本题考查动词的时态。此处叙述的是过去的事情,需用一般过去时,故答案为动 词的过去式。 9.introduction 本题考查名词。由空前的定冠词可知,此处需用名词形式,动词introduce去 “e”加后缀-tion构成名词形式。 10.successful 本题考查形容词。由“伦敦中心地铁是这些新铁路线中最成功的线路之一” 可知句子的主干为主系表结构,此处为形容词作表语,the

32、most暗示了答案。 长难句长难句 The Central London Railway was one of the most successful of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.伦敦中心地铁是这些新铁路线中最成功的线路之一,于1900年开放。 本句为简单句。句子含有两个并列谓语,第二个谓语使用的是一般过去时的被动语态。 高级语块高级语块 1.allow v.允许,容许 2.avoid v.避免 3.prove v.证明 Passage 5(2017课标全国) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There

33、 has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 1 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2 (effect)such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical commu

34、nity was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 3 (process)the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 4 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 5 result, people will

35、 eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 6 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7 (be)full of fat and salt;by 8 (eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will redu

36、ce the urge to snack(吃点心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9 (care)not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 10 is not good for the health. 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 为了应对肥胖和心脏病,医学界鼓励大家食用低脂肪、少盐的食物。但是如果 过于极端的话,也会适得其反。 1.as 考查介词。医学界将其作为一种对抗心脏病的方

37、法。as在此处作介词,意为“作为”。 2.effects 考查名词复数。这种趋势有些非计划的副作用,如超重和心脏病。side effect表示“副作 用”,为可数名词,根据such as overweight and heart disease可知,副作用有多种,故填复数形式。 3.to process 考查非谓语动词。根据require sth. to do sth.(需要某物做某事)以及其被动形式 可知此处填不定式结构。 4.are removed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:脂肪和盐分从食物中去除后,食物 尝起来就好像缺失了什么东西。结合语境可知,状语从句中用一般现在时态,fa

38、t and salt作主 语,与remove之间为被动关系,故用被动语态,谓语动词用复数。 5.a 考查冠词。句意:结果,人们会吃更多的东西来努力弥补所缺的东西。as a result结果。 6.worse 考查比较级。句意:更糟糕的是,人们所吃的快餐的量会上升。even worse更糟的是, 此处与上句中提到的“eat more food”相比较,故用比较级。 7.is 考查时态和主谓一致。根据上下文可知,此处用一般现在时,主语为fast food,故系动词用is。 8.eating 考查非谓语动词。by在此处为介词,表示方式,故后面接动名词形式。 9.careful 考查形容词。句意:然而

39、,小心不要走极端。设空处在系动词be后,作表语,故用形容词。 10.which 考查定语从句。句意:和其他东西一样,两者都有可能食用过多,这对健康是没有好 处的。设空处指代前面的一句话,引导非限制性定语从句,故填which。 长难句长难句 This trend, which was started by the medical community as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thin

40、g the medical community was trying to fight.这种作为一种对抗心脏病的方法而被医学界发起的 趋势已经有了一些计划之外的副作用,如超重和心脏病这正是医学界正在努力对抗的东西。 本句为复合句。句子主干为This trend has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease。which为关系代词,指代先行词This trend。the medical community was trying to fight为定语从句,修饰先行词the very thing。

41、高级语块高级语块 1.trend n.趋势 2.unintended adj.计划之外的 3.function n.功能 Passage 6(2017课标全国) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking for- ward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-ol

42、d Sarah is not spending half-term 1 (rest). Instead, she is earning 6,500 a day as 2 model in New York. Sarah 3 (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 4 has taken p

43、art in shows along with top models, wants 5 (prove) that she has brains as well as beau- ty. She is determined to carry on with her 6 (educate). She has turned down several 7 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her stud- ies. After school she plans to take a year off to model fu

44、ll-time before going to university to get a degree 8 engineering or architecture. Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 9 (come) first. I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 10 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a lit- tle unreal. I dont want

45、to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model any more.” 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 本文为记叙文。Sarah现在是一名在校生,她还是一名兼职模特。她的父亲建议 她放弃学业做一名专职模特,但她却做出了不同的选择。 1.resting 考查非谓语动词。固定结构spend some time(in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。 2.a 考查冠词。句意:相反,她现在在纽约作为一名模特每天挣6,500英镑。model为可数名词, 此处表示泛指,故填冠词a。 3.has been told/was told 考查时态和语

46、态。句意:Sarah被告知她可以成为英国的一名新超模, 第二年就可以有一百万美元的收入。根据语境可知Sarah与tell之间为被动关系,故用被动语 态。此处既可以用一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作,也可以用现在完成时态,表示过去发生 的动作对现在的影响。 4.who 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Sarah,故填关系代词who。 5.to prove 考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.想要做某事。 6.education 考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词后面跟名词,故填education。 7.invitations 考查名词复数。根据several可知,此处应该填

47、复数形式。 8.in 考查介词。a degree in.指“某专业的学位”,专业前用介词in。 es 考查动词时态。由上下文语境以及时间状语at the moment可知,此处应该为一般现 在时态,主语为第三人称单数,故填comes。 10.certainly 考查副词。设空处在句中作状语修饰形容词fun,故填副词。 长难句长难句 But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.但是已经和顶尖模特同台表演过的Sar

48、ah想证明自己美貌与智慧并存。 本句为复合句。who引导定语从句,prove后的that引导宾语从句。 高级语块高级语块 1.be determined to do sth.决心做某事 2.carry on with sth.继续某事 3.turn down拒绝 4.concentrate on集中注意力于 5.engineering n.工程 6.architecture n.建筑学 Passage 7(2016课标全国) 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of 1 (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 2 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until