高考英语一轮复习（课标2卷B版）课件：专题一　名词、代词、冠词.ppt

1、考点一考点一 名词名词 五年高考 1.(2018天津,6)The (possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. 答案答案 possibility 句意:在宇宙中的其他行星上可能存在生命,这一直鼓舞着科学家们探索外 太空。考查名词。设空处在句中作主语,故填名词。possibility可能,可能性,其后为that引导的 同位语从句。 2.(2018江苏,32)Try to understand what

2、s actually happening instead of acting on the (as- sume) youve made. 答案答案 assumption 句意:要努力去弄明白实际上正在发生的事,而不要根据自己的假设就采 取行动。根据语境和设空处前的定冠词the可知此处要用所给单词的名词形式。assumption 假定;假设。 3.(2017江苏,34)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical inci- dents. But alternative (explain) are

3、 hard to find. 答案答案 explanations 句意:恐龙灭绝未必是由天体事故造成的,但是很难找到其他的解释。设 空处作句子的主语,要用名词形式。根据are可知此处要用名词的复数形式。 4.(2016浙江,4)It is important to pay your (electric)bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit. 答案答案 electricity 句意: 按时交电费很重要, 因为晚交电费可能会影响你的信誉。本题考查 名词作定语。名词作定语时,常用其单数形式,故答案为electricity。 5.(

4、2016江苏,24)Can you tell us your recipe for (happy) and a long life? Living every day to the full, definitely. 答案答案 happiness 句意:你能告诉我们你幸福、长寿的诀窍吗?当然是充实地度过每 一天了。介词后需用名词形式,happiness作“幸福” 讲时为不可数名词,故答案为happiness。 6.(2016天津,2)The dictionary is out of : many words have been added to the language since it wa

5、s published. 答案答案 date 句意:这本词典过时了:自从它出版以来,这种语言已经添加了许多单词。out of date过时。 7.(2015安徽,30)There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some (think)and then let me know. 答案答案 thought 句意:现在没有必要告诉我你的答案,思考一下然后让我知道。本题考查名 词。some修饰名词,故填thought。 8.(2015湖北,21)When he was running after his brother, the boy

6、lost his (balanced) and had a bad fall. 答案答案 balance 句意:这个男孩在追他哥哥的时候失去了平衡,重重地摔了一跤。lose ones balance失去平衡。 9.(2015湖北,22)He gave himself a new name to hide his (identify) when he went to carry out the secret task. 答案答案 identity 句意:在去执行秘密任务的时候,为了隐藏自己的身份,他给自己取了一个新 名字。考查名词。identify是动词,意为“鉴定,识别”。identity是名

7、词,意为“身份”。 10.(2015江苏,32)Some schools will have to make (adjust)in agreement with the national soccer reform. 答案答案 adjustments 句意:有些学校将不得不做出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致。ad- justment 是adjust的名词形式, make adjustments 意为“做出调整”。 11.(2015江苏,35)Go and say sorry to your mom, Dave. Id like to, but Im afraid she wont be ha

8、ppy with my (apologize). 答案答案 apology/apologies 句意:Dave,去向你妈妈道歉。我愿意去,但是恐怕她对我 的道歉并不会感到满意。apologize的名词形式是apology。 12.(2015浙江,15)One of the most effective ways to reduce (stressed) is to talk about feel- ings with someone you trust. 答案答案 stress 句意:减轻压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人谈谈感受。在本句中应用 名词形式,stress是名词,意为“压力”。

9、13.(2014安徽,29)Why not buy a second-hand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one? Thats a good (suggest). 答案答案 suggestion 句意:如果你没有足够的钱买辆新车的话,为什么不先买辆二手车呢? 那个建议不错。根据句子结构可推知设空处需用名词形式,设空处前有不定冠词,故设空 处填suggestion。 14.(2014湖北,21)Her (motivate)for writing was a desire for women to get the right

10、 to high- er education. 答案答案 motivation 句意:她写作的动机是渴望为妇女争取接受高等教育的权利。形容词性物 主代词后需用名词形式,此外后面的系动词为was,故设空处需用名词单数形式。 考点二考点二 代词代词 1.(2017天津,11) was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors. 答案答案 It 句意:我是在回到我的公寓的时候才第一次偶遇我的新邻居的。根据语境和结构 可知,本句考查强调句式,被强调部分为when引导的时间状语从句,根据基本结构“I

11、t is/was. that/who.”可知设空处填It。 2.(2016浙江,3)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from in the UK. 答案答案 that 句意: 在许多方面,美国的教育制度与英国的教育制度没有很大差异。考查代 词。首先将原句改为:In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from the education system in the UK.然后考虑用that代替特指的单数

12、名词。 3.(2015陕西,13)To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the . 答案答案 other 句意:为了使自己暖和,那个水手坐在炉火前面互相摩擦光着的脚。本题考查代 词。此处指“两者中的另一个”,故填other。 4.(2015四川,10)Niki is always full of ideas, but is useful to my knowledge. 答案答案 none 句意:Niki总是会有很多想法,但是据我所知没有一个想法是有用的。本题考查 代

13、词。none没有一个。 5.(2015天津,2)The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools. 答案答案 that 句意:这所小学校的教育质量比一些更大的学校的(教育质量)好。考查代词。根 据语境可知设空处用来替代前面出现的the quality of education,以避免重复,故答案为that。 评析评析 代词是一个比较难的语言点,要求熟练掌握常考代词(it,that,one等)所指代的范围,做题 时要弄清设空处到底指代什么,是特指还是泛指,是单数还是复数,是同类同

14、物还是同类异物 等。 6.(2015浙江,12)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? 答案答案 it 句意:如果你正在看你最喜欢的电视节目,而有人进入房间没有问你就把电视关上, 你会有什么感觉?本题考查代词。it在句中作形式宾语,if从句是真正的宾语。 7.(2015重庆,2)The meeting will be held in September, but

15、knows the date for sure. 答案答案 nobody 句意:会议将在9月份召开,但是没有人知道确切日期。考查不定代词。根据 题干中的but可知此处应该用表示否定意义的nobody。 8.(2014大纲全国,25)Whos that at the door? is the milkman. 答案答案 It 句意:门口的那个人是谁?是送牛奶的人。考查代词用法。指代不明性别 的人时常用it。 9.(2014山东,4)Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. 答案答案 it 句意:苏

16、珊清楚地向我表明,她希望自己开始一种新生活。句中that she wished to make.是真正的宾语,空格处应为形式宾语,故用it。 10.(2014福建,21)In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in ,knives and forks. 答案答案 others 句意:在一些国家,人们用筷子吃饭,而其他国家,人们用刀叉吃饭。some.oth- ers.表示“一些,其他”。 11.(2014浙江,3)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year,making the

17、 driest year since California became a state in 1850. 答案答案 it 句意:去年加利福尼亚的平均降雨量只有18.75厘米,使得它成为加利福尼亚1850年 建州以来最干旱的一年。本题考查代词的用法。此处it指代前面的last year以避免重复。 12.(2014安徽,24)You can ask anyone for help. here is willing to lend you a hand. 答案答案 Everyone/Everybody 句意:你可以找任何人帮忙。这儿的每一个人都愿意帮助你。根 据上下文逻辑可知此处表示“这里的每个

18、人”,故答案为Everyone或Everybody。 13.(2014陕西,21)Id appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. 答案答案 it 句意:假如你提前让我知道你是否会来,我将不胜感激。考查代词。Id appreciate it if.属于固定句式,表示“假如我将不胜感激”。 14.(2014四川,1)Shed lived in London and Manchester,but she liked and moved to Cam- bridge. 答案答案 neithe

19、r 句意:她在伦敦和曼彻斯特居住过,但是她不喜欢这两座城市,然后搬到剑桥 了。由表示转折的连词but可知该空应该表示否定意义,前面提到两个城市,故答案为neither。 15.(2014江西,32)When shall I call,in the morning or afternoon? .Ill be in all day. 答案答案 Either 句意:我该在上午还是在下午打电话?哪个时间都行。我一整天都 在。答句表示在两个时间中任意一个时间都可以,故答案为Either(两者中的任意一个)。 考点三考点三 冠词冠词 1.(2016浙江,2) prize for the winner of

20、 the competition is two-week holiday in Paris. 答案答案 The;a 句意: 这次比赛获胜者的奖项是巴黎两周游。第一空后的名词prize在本句中表 示特指,故用The;第二空后的holiday为可数名词,在本句中表示泛指,故与不定冠词a连用。 2.(2015四川,5)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven. 答案答案 a 句意:Brian在作曲方面很有天赋,他很有可能会成为一个贝多芬式的人物。本题考 查冠词。a在此处表示“式的人物”。 3.(2015浙江

21、,2)Janes grandmother had wanted to write childrens book for many years, bu t one thing or another always got in way. 答案答案 a;the 句意:多年以来,简的外祖母一直想写一本儿童书,但是这样或那样的事情总是阻 碍她的计划。本题考查冠词。第一空泛指一本儿童书,用不定冠词a;in the way意为“妨 碍”。 4.(2015重庆,3)I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman wearing a mask. 答

22、案答案 the;a 句意:我刚听说Dora工作的那家银行遭到了一名戴面具的持枪人抢劫。考查冠 词。第一个空后的名词后有定语从句修饰,特指Dora工作的那家银行,应该用定冠词the;第二 个空表示泛指,应该用不定冠词a。 5.(2014天津,8)Life is like ocean:Only the strong-willed can reach the other shore. 答案答案 an 句意:生活就像一片海洋,只有那些意志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。ocean为可数名 词,在本句中表示泛指,故用不定冠词,ocean以元音音素开头,故答案为an。 6.(2014重庆,6)I cant tell

23、 you way to the Wilsons because we dont have Wilso n here in the village. 答案答案 the;a 句意:我不能告诉你去威尔逊家的路,因为村里没有姓威尔逊的。本题考查冠 词。第一个空表示特指,故用the;第二个空表示泛指,表示“一个”,故用不定冠词a。 7.(2014浙江,2)The paper is due next month,and I am working seven days week,often long into night. 答案答案 a;the 句意:论文下个月要上交了。我现在每周工作七天,经常工作到深夜。

24、第一空填 a,相当于one;第二空由固定搭配long into the night可知填the。 8.(2014陕西,19) village where I was born has grown into town. 答案答案 The;a 句意:我出生的那个村庄已经变成一个城镇了。由village后的定语从句where I was born可知这里特指“我”出生的村庄,故第一个设空处用定冠词The。而第二个设空处表 泛指,故用不定冠词a。 9.(2014江西,22)They chose Tom to be captain of the team because they knew he was

25、 smart leader. 答案答案 the;a 句意:他们选择汤姆为这个队的队长,因为他们知道他是一个聪明的领导。第一 空表特指,故用the;第二空表泛指,故用a。 A A组组 2016201620182018年高考模拟年高考模拟单句填空单句填空 时间:20分钟 分值:34分 三年模拟 考点一考点一 名词名词 1.(2018东北三省三校一模,64)Apart from defense, other purposes of the Great Wall have includ- ed border control, the (encourage) of trade and the contr

26、ol of immigration. 答案答案 encouragement 句意:除了防御外,长城的其他目的还包括控制边疆、鼓励贸易和控制 移民。设空处在句中作动词的宾语,故填名词。 2.(2018东北三省三校一模,68)Another survey has found that the entire wall with all of its (branch) measures 21,196 km. 答案答案 branches 句意:另一项调查已经发现,整个长城墙连带所有分支长21,196公里。branch 分支,为可数名词,根据all可知此处用名词复数形式。 3.(2018陕西宝鸡质检,64

27、)In 1962, Rachel Carsons best-selling book “Silent Spring” created an (aware) of the dangerous effects of pesticides(农药). 答案答案 awareness 句意:1962年,Rachel Carson的畅销书寂静的春天引起了大家对农药危 害的认识。设空处在句中作宾语,由冠词an可知填名词形式。aware为形容词,意为“注意到 的;意识到的”,awareness为名词。 4.(2018内蒙古包头一模,44)Senior experts from UNESCO were amaze

28、d at its unique natural scenery, near perfect ecosystem, and creative (combine) of nature and humanism. 答案答案 combination 句意:来自联合国教科文组织的高级专家们对它独特的自然景色、近乎 完美的生态系统和自然与人本主义的创造性结合感到非常惊讶。设空处在句中作介词at的宾 语,故填名词形式。combination n. 结合;combine为动词。 5.(2018宁夏银川一中一模,68)It is your (responsible) to continue the tradit

29、ion of Scholastic House. 答案答案 responsibility 句意:延续Scholastic House的传统是你的责任。设空处在句中作表语, 位于形容词性物主代词your之后,故填名词。responsible adj.负责的。responsibility n.责任。 6.(2018陕西榆林一模,64)These certain (member) of the upper class began to change the way Christmas was celebrated in America. 答案答案 members 句意:这些上层社会的成员们开始改变美

30、国庆祝圣诞节的方式。根据设空 处前的These可知设空处需用名词复数形式,故填members。 7.(2017重庆八中第二次适应性考试,65)Because they have such a heavy workload, they may not have time for physical (activity). 答案答案 activities 句意:因为他们工作量很繁重,所以可能没有时间参加体育活动。设空处在 句中位于介词for之后,故填名词。activity为可数名词,根据句意可知此处应该填复数。physi- cal activities意为“体育活动”。 8.(2017辽宁抚顺重点高

31、中协作校一模,68)Instead of letting circumstances control and defeat you, use them to push you into (act) so that you can change your present situation. 答案答案 action 句意:不要让环境控制、击败你,而要利用它们敦促你采取行动,这样你就能改 变你目前的情况。action意为“行动;行为”。push sb. into action意为“敦促某人采取行 动”。 9.(2017辽宁沈阳东北育才学校二模,62)I want to see the people

32、 whose (kind) and compa- ny have made my life worth living. 答案答案 kindness 句意:我想去看看那些用善良和陪伴使我的人生值得过的人。whose为关系 代词,引导定语从句,后面应该接名词,kind为形容词,kindness为名词形式。 10.(2017宁夏银川一中一模,62)Many (poem) come from particular historical periods, such as the poetry of the Tang dynasty and the verse of the Song dynasty. 答

33、案答案 poems 句意:很多诗来自特定的历史时期,如唐诗和宋词。poem为可数名词,根据 Many可知此处用名词复数形式。 11.(2017陕西宝鸡质检一,66)Kobes (retire) brings different kinds of feelings to many fans. 答案答案 retirement 句意:很多球迷对科比的退役怀有不同的心情。设空处在句中作主语,故填 名词形式。retire为动词,名词形式为retirement(退休;退役)。 12.(2016陕西高三教学质量检测二,36)A few dollars can help to fill a (child)hu

34、ngry stomach. 答案答案 childs 句意:几美元可以帮助填饱一个孩子饥饿的肚子。本题考查名词所有格。根 据空格后的stomach可知用所有格。 考点二考点二 代词代词 1.(2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模,69)In a Weibo post, he thanked netizens for (they) love and praise. 答案答案 their 句意:在一个微博上他对网友的关爱和赞许表示了感谢。设空处要限定love and praise,故填形容词性物主代词their。 2.(2018吉林长春一模,64)In his letter, Jin introduced (

35、he) and Yiwu. 答案答案 himself 句意:在他的信中,Jin介绍了自己和义乌。主语和宾语是同一个人,故宾语采 用反身代词形式himself。 3.(2018甘肃天水一中一模,50)We can overcome the problems that challenge us or we can enjoy (we)by avoiding all difficulties. 答案答案 ourselves 句意:我们可以战胜挑战我们的困难,也可以回避所有的困难,从而愉快地生 活。enjoy oneself为固定短语,意为“过得愉快”,根据主语we可知填ourselves。 4.(2

36、018新疆乌鲁木齐二诊,67)The Isle of Man has own currency and a very low rate of taxation, so it is popular with rich people, banks and financial businesses. 答案答案 its 句意:马恩岛拥有自己的货币和很低的税率,因此受到富人、银行及金融机构的欢 迎。ones own意为“某人自己的”,故此处填形容词性物主代词,根据主语可知用its。 5.(2018内蒙古赤峰二中二模,67)Questions about finance and economics, as

37、 well as health attract the most people and offer a new way for celebrities(名人) to translate (they) fame into cash. 答案答案 their 句意:有关金融、经济学以及健康的问题吸引了大部分人,并给名人们提供了将 名声转化为金钱的一种新方式。此处作定语,修饰名词fame,故填形容词性物主代词;根据提示 词they可知设空处填their。 6.(2018内蒙古呼伦贝尔一模,64) is not easy to succeed in language learning. 答案答案 It

38、句意:在语言学习方面取得成功并非易事。设空处作形式主语,真正的主语为不定 式短语to succeed in language learning,故填It。 7.(2017辽宁鞍山一中二模,62)That year, the King and Queen of Spain visited China, and the then -leader Deng Xiaoping gave Yangs translation as a gift. 答案答案 them 句意:那年,西班牙国王和王后访问中国,当时的领导人邓小平把杨的翻译本当作 礼物送给了他们。设空处指代the King and Queen o

39、f Spain,在句中作宾语,故填them。 8.(2017辽宁抚顺重点高中协作校一模,65)The best time of your life may still be ahead of you but it wont magically show up, and you have to create . 答案答案 it 句意:你人生中最好的时光也许依然在前方,但是它不会魔法般地出现,你必须创造 它。设空处作宾语,指代The best time of your life,故填it,由上文中的it也可得知答案。 9.(2017东北三省四市教研联合体一模,69)The stars and mo

40、on in The Starry Night are unusually bright, (they) light swirling(旋动) above the darkling hills. 答案答案 their 句意:星夜中的星星和月亮异常明亮,它们的光在黑压压的山上旋动。逗号 后为独立主格结构,light为名词,在该结构中为逻辑主语,故前面加形容词性物主代词。 10.(2017宁夏银川一中第六次考试,65)When I realized (I) mistake, it was too late. 答案答案 my 句意:当我意识到自己的错误时已经太晚了。设空处在句中限定名词mistake,

41、故 填形容词性物主代词my。 11.(2016吉林一中第六次质量检测,65)People all over the world use the Internet to connect with individuals from (others) countries and cultures. 答案答案 other 句意:世界各地的人们用因特网和来自其他国家和文化的人联系。other意为:其他的。 12.(2016重庆南开中学二诊,68)Then seven specialists got on the plane to kill these small crea- tures. Many me

42、ans were tried but of them was good enough. 答案答案 none 句意:接着七个专家上了飞机来杀死这些小动物。许多方法都试了,但是没有一 个足够好。根据句中的but(表示转折)及空格后的of和was可知答案是none,意为:没有一个。 考点三考点三 冠词冠词 1.(2018陕西质检,66)Senator Gaylord Nelson dreamed of similar large event that would get people to take environmental issues seriously. 答案答案 a 句意:参议员盖洛德 尼

43、尔森梦想着存在一个类似的大的活动能使人们认真对待环 境问题。设空处后的名词event在本句中表泛指,故填不定冠词a。 2.(2018内蒙古包头一模,45)It has area of 9653 square kilometers, and an average rainfall of 12001600 mm. 答案答案 an 句意:其面积为9653平方公里,平均降雨量为1200到1600毫米。have an area of.意 为“面积为”,为固定结构,area在句中意为“面积”,因其以元音音素开头,故填冠词an。 3.(2018宁夏银川一中一模,66)Three became politic

44、al leaders;three became doctors;the most fa- mous graduate became university teacher and was responsible for the introduction of mod- ern teaching methods in his country. 答案答案 a 句意:三个人成为了政治领导人;三个人成为了医生;最著名的毕业生成为了一名大 学教师,在他的国家负责现代教学方法的引进。根据句意可知此处泛指“一名大学教师”,故 填不定冠词。university以辅音音素开头,故不填冠词an。 4.(2018陕西

45、榆林一模,66)In 1819, best-selling author Washington Irving wrote The Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., which includes series of stories about the celebration of Christmas in England. 答案答案 a 句意:在1819年,畅销书作家华盛顿 欧文写了见闻札记一书,书中有关于英国人 庆祝圣诞节的一系列故事。a series of.一系列,为固定短语。 5.(2018辽宁丹东一模,67)“I have corrected a

46、 lot of my own mistakes by watching the show,” said adult viewer. 答案答案 an 句意:“通过观看这个节目,我纠正了自己的很多错误。”一位成年观众说。根据 句意可知adult viewer在本句中表示泛指,adult的第一个音素为元音音素,故用冠词an。 6.(2017辽宁鞍山一中二模,68)Her 2003 essay collection We Three, about her family life with her late husband and their daughter, was best-seller. 答案答

47、案 a 句意:她2003年的散文集我们仨是一本畅销书,写的是她与已去世的丈夫和女 儿一起度过的家庭生活。best-seller为可数名词单数,在句中表示泛指,意为“畅销的书”,故 填冠词a。 7.(2017甘肃天水、兰州一模,50)Learning Mandarin is also a fascinating process that brings valuable understanding of Chinese culture. 答案答案 a an understanding of.为固定结构,意为“对的了解”,不定冠词在其中表示泛 指,valuable以辅音音素开头,故填冠词a。 8.(

48、2017新疆乌鲁木齐第二次诊断,69)The past cannot be changed. present is still in your power. 答案答案 The 句意:过去无法改变。现在仍然可以掌控。the past和the present意思分别为“过 去;昔日”和“当前,目前”。 9.(2017黑龙江大庆质检二,66)Winter is a relaxing season in China, historically agricultural country. 答案答案 an 句意:冬天在中国是放松的季节,历史上中国是一个农业国家。此处泛指“一个农 业国家”,且agricultural以元音音素开头,故填不定冠词an。 10.(2016吉林大学附中第一次摸底考试,63)Do you