高考英语一轮复习（课标2卷B版）课件：专题十一　推理判断.ppt

1、A A组组 统一命题统一命题课标卷题组课标卷题组 Passage 1(2018课标全国,D)词数:351 We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environmentand our

2、 walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throug

3、hout its lifefrom when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 19 92. Digital cameras arrived

4、 on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smartphones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007. 五年高考 As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room, and sudden

5、ly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not just keeping these old deviceswe con- tinue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop monitors a

6、nd box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. So whats the solution(解决方案)?The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happ

7、en if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 1.What does the

8、 author think of new devices? A.They are environment-friendly. B.They are no better than the old. C.They cost more to use at home. D.They go out of style quickly. 2.Why did Babbitts team conduct the research? A.To reduce the cost of minerals. B.To test the life cycle of a product. C.To update consum

9、ers on new technology. D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices. 3.Which of the following uses the least energy? A.The box-set TV. B.The tablet. C.The LCD TV. D.The desktop computer. 4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A.Stop using them. B.Take them apart

10、. C.Upgrade them. D.Recycle them. 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 我们也许认为当新的科技产品出现时,人们会将已经落后、过时的东西抛弃,但 研究发现事实并非如此。陈旧的产品仍然被使用着,但是使用起来消耗的能源多、污染大,的 确应该及时淘汰。 1.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者认为新装置怎么样?根据第一段最后一句可知,继续使 用过时的装置对环境和我们的钱包都不是好消息,因为它们与新装置相比,做相同的事情会消 耗更多的能源。由此可判断,作者认为新装置有利于环保。 2.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:为什么Babbitt的团队要进行这项研究?根据第二段第一句 可知,为了

11、弄清楚这些设备消耗多少电量,Babbitt和同事们持续跟踪每个产品在其使用周期内 的环境成本。D项意为“为了查清这些装置耗费的电量。”,与文章内容一致。 3.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:以下哪种装置耗能最少?根据第一段可知新装置耗费的能 量较少,而第二段则指出与其他几种装置相比,tablets(平板电脑)出现的时间最晚,为最新的科 技产品,而且最后一段指出,tablets具有多种功能,比电视和台式电脑消耗的能量少,故B项正确。 4.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:文章建议人们如何处理陈旧的电子设备?最后一段讲到了 解决方案,本段指出,研究人员探索了消费者用有多种功能的电子产品替换陈旧产品后的结

12、 果。由最后一句可知,用平板电脑代替电视和台式电脑来收看娱乐节目,会减少44%的能源消 耗。由此可知文章建议人们不要再使用陈旧的电子设备,故A项正确。 长难句 We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices well after they go out of style. 我们也许认为,在我们的文化中,一看到

13、闪光的新东西,就会淘汰陈旧的科 技。但是一项新研究表明,在陈旧装置早就过时之后,我们仍在继续使用它们。 but连接两个并列的分句,在but前的分句中,think后为宾语从句,在该宾语从句中that引导定语 从句,修饰先行词culture;在but后的分句中, that引导的宾语从句作shows的宾语,after引导时间 状语从句。 高级语块高级语块 1.shiny adj. 闪光的;有光泽的 2.evolve v. 逐渐发展 3.define v. 给下定义;界定 4.accumulate v. 积聚;积累 5.cathode ray tube 阴极射线管 6.consumption n. 消

14、费;消耗 Passage 2(2018课标全国,C)词数:368 While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage. Their effor

15、ts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prizewhich is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architectureon February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award. Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the C

16、hina Academy of Art(CAA). His of- fice is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many bu ildings on the campus are his original creations. The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by th

17、e complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view. Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks i

18、nto walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素). Wangs works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of tradi- tions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chi

19、nese architecture, said Tadao An- do, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize. Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. “That is only evidence that traditions once existed,”he said. “Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means o

20、ld things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created,”he said. “Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions withou

21、t knowing what they really are,”said Wang. The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said. 1.Wangs winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are . A.following the latest world trend B.getting internati

22、onal recognition C.working harder than ever before D.relying on foreign architects 2.What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most? A.Its hilly environment. B.Its large size. C.Its unique style. D.Its diverse functions. 3.What made Wangs architectural design a success? A.The mixture of di

23、fferent shapes. B.The balance of East and West. C.The use of popular techniques. D.The harmony of old and new. 4.What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang? A.Spread them to the world. B.Preserve them at museums. C.Teach them in universities. D.Recreate them in practice. 答案答案 语篇解读语

24、篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。题材为人物故事类。文章介绍了中国建筑设计师王澍将传 统与现代结合,将中国传统元素融入自己的建筑设计中,荣获了2012年普利兹克建筑奖。 1.B 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句(他们的努力已被证明是富有成效的。)和最后一句(他 是第一个获得这一奖项的中国公民。)可推知,王澍获奖意味着中国的建筑设计师正在获得世 界的认可,故选B项。 2.C 细节理解题。根据第四段的内容,尤其是最后一句(这些建筑物的曲线与山的起伏完美 搭配,形成了独特的风景。)可知答案为C项。 3.D 推理判断题。题干句意:什么使王澍的建筑设计获得了成功?根据第五段最后一句(由于 现代元素与中国传统元素的结

25、合,这一作品吸引了很多关注。)可知答案为D项。 4.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句(对传统的学习应该和实践相结合。)可知答案为D项。 长难句长难句 Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architectureon February 28.王澍,一位49岁的中 国建筑设计师,在2012年2月28日获得了普利兹克建筑奖,这一奖项经常被称为“建筑界的诺 贝尔奖”。 句子

26、的主干为Wang Shu won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize,句中a 49-year-old Chinese ar- chitect为同位语; which引导定语从句,先行词为Pritzker Architecture Prize,which在从句中作主语。 高级语块高级语块 1.landmark building地标建筑 2.fruitful adj.富有成效的 Passage 3(2017课标全国,D)词数:288 When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesnt sit quietly. Back i

27、n 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mix

28、ture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. Its a plants way of crying out. But is anyone listening?Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react. Some plants pump out smelly chemicals

29、 to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. In study after study, it appears that these chemical conv

30、ersations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do. Does this mean that plants talk to each other?Scientists dont know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain

31、or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to“overhear”the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasnt a true, intentional back and forth. Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and

32、 more intimate(亲密 的)than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. Theres a whole lot going on. 1.What does a plant do when it is under attack? A.It makes noises. B.It gets help from other plants. C.It stands quietly. D.It sends out certain chemicals. 2.What does the author mean by“the tab

33、les are turned”in paragraph 3? A.The attackers get attacked. B.The insects gather under the table. C.The plants get ready to fight back. D.The perfumes attract natural enemies. 3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can . A.predict natural disasters B.protect themselves against insects C.t

34、alk to one another intentionally D.help their neighbors when necessary 4.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.The world is changing faster than ever. B.People have stronger senses than before. C.The world is more complex than it seems. D.People in Darwins time were more imaginative. 答案答案 语篇解

35、读语篇解读 本文为说明文。研究发现,当植物受到攻击时,它们不会坐以待毙,而是会释放出 某种化学物质。这可能是对其他植物发出的一种预警信号,也可能是自我保护的一种方式。 1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段枫树的例子可知,当其受到攻击时,受到伤害的部位会释放出 被称为VOCs的化学物质,由第二段第一句可知所有的植物受到攻击时都会做出这种反应,故D 项正确。植物被攻击时释放出的是化学物质而不是噪音,故排除A;释放出的化学物质是对其 他植物的预警,而不是从其他植物那里得到帮助,故排除B;根据第一段首句可排除C项。 2.A 推理判断题。根据第三段可知,某些植物受到攻击时,会释放出某种香味,将攻击者的天 敌吸

36、引过来,由此可知当它们到来时,攻击者将会成为被攻击者,故A项正确。 3.B 推理判断题。由第四段内容可知,植物可以保护自己免受昆虫伤害。 4.C 推理判断题。最后一段提到,150多年前,达尔文就曾想到这个世界比我们所看到、听到 的更加繁忙,更加吵闹,也更加亲密,我们的感官还不够强大,很多东西都未感知到。由此可推 断出,这个世界实际上更加复杂,故C项正确。 长难句长难句 They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. 它们大量排出用来吸引对

37、于攻击者来说是天敌的不同昆虫的香味。 本句为复合句,句中过去分词短语designed to attract different insects作后置定语,修饰perfumes, who引导定语从句,修饰先行词insects。 高级语块高级语块 1.leafy adj.多叶的;叶茂的 2.volatile adj.易挥发的 pound n.混合物;化合物 4.pump out大量生产(或制造) 5.intentional adj.故意的;蓄意的 Passage 4(2017课标全国,B)词数:290 I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue an

38、d education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful. I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the grou

39、nd. When I arrived, I saw a 2- to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety. I examined the chick(雏鸟)and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree. The homeowne

40、r was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the bas-ket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down. Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger sc

41、reams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults;they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring. A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature

42、 smile on us all!The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all LUNCH!The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to d

43、o so. 1.What is unavoidable in the authors rescue work according to paragraph 1? A.Efforts made in vain. B.Getting injured in his work. C.Feeling uncertain about his future. D.Creatures forced out of their homes. 2.Why was the author called to Muttontown? A.To rescue a woman. B.To take care of a wom

44、an. C.To look at a baby owl. D.To cure a young owl. 3.What made the chick calm down? A.A new nest. B.Some food. C.A recording. D.Its parents. 4.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event? A.Its unexpected. B.Its beautiful. C.Its humorous. D.Its discouraging. 答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在一

45、个保护野生动物的志愿者组织工作,这份工作既 有艰辛痛苦也有拯救生命带来的幸福。请看作者是怎么救助一只猫头鹰雏鸟的吧! 1.A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain”可知,拯 救野生动物的工作有时令人心碎,因为动物不一定能活下来,也就是说可能会徒劳无功,由此可 知答案为A项。 2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “She had found a young owl on the ground.”和第三段中 的“I examined the chick and it seemed fine.”可知,作者接到一个居

46、住在Muttontown的妇女的 电话,于是赶过来看看这只雏鸟的情况,由此可知答案为C项。 3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的描述可知作者给这只雏鸟制作了一个安全舒适的新巢,把 它放进去后,很快它就安静了下来。由此可知答案为A项。 4.B 推理判断题。由最后一段的描述可知,作者回到家,焦急地等待结果,结果是雏鸟的父母 被雏鸟发出的声音吸引了过来,并开始照料它了。它存活下来了。结合第一段中的when it works, it is simply beautiful可知答案为B项。 高级语块高级语块 1.heartbreaking adj.令人心碎的 2.survival n.存活,生存 3.co

47、nstruct vt.建造;构筑 4.calm down 平静下来 5.respond to 对做出反应 Passage 5(2017课标全国,B)词数:274 Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the the- aters 75-year history. Th

48、is time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the buildings end. The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the m

49、ovie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down. Bradfor