精品解析：2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）（解析版）.pdf

1、20202020 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语英语 注意事项注意事项: : 1.1.答卷前答卷前, , 考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.2.回答选择题时回答选择题时, , 选出每小题答案后选出每小题答案后, , 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动如需改动, , 用橡皮擦干净后用橡皮擦干净后, , 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时, , 将答案写在答题卡上将答案写在答题卡上, , 写在本试卷写在本试卷 上无

2、效。上无效。 3.3.考试结束后考试结束后, , 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分第一部分 阅读阅读( (共两节共两节, , 满分满分 5050 分分) ) 第一节第一节( (共共 1515 小题小题: :每小题每小题 2.2.5 5 分分, , 满分满分 37.37.5 5 分分) ) 阅读下列短文阅读下列短文, , 从每题所给的从每题所给的 A A、B B、C C、D D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A POETRY CHALLENGE Write a poem about how courage, determination, and

3、strength have helped you face challenges in your life. Prizes 3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winners choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and th

4、e office of National Geographic World. 6 First Prizes:The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch. 50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earharts final

5、 flight. Rules Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines. Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper. On the same sheet of paper, write or typ

6、e your name, address, telephone number, and birth date. Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year. 1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six. 2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get? A. A plane ticket. B. A book by Cori

7、nne Szabo. C. A special T-shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart. 3. Which of the following will result in disqualification? A. Typing your poem out. B. Writing a poem of 120 words. C. Using both sides of the paper. D. Mailing your entry on October 30. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。本文是一篇诗歌大赛的征稿启事。文章就

8、参赛作品的内容、奖项、参赛规则等做了介绍。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Prizes 部分中第一段中的“Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winners choice”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。 因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人。故选 A。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Prizes 部分中第三段“50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorab

9、le mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earharts final flight”可知，每位优秀奖获奖者都将获得一 件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的 T 恤。故选 C。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的“Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. Write a poem using 100 words or fewer”可知，所写的诗字数不能超过 100 字。否则，将会被取消资格。故结合选项，B 选项(写一首 120 字的诗

10、)是会被取消资格的。故选 B。 B Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelors degree. Ma

11、uer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside fo

12、r a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling. Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves

13、: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Josephs Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her family as she worked t

14、o earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times. Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids a

15、nd missing important events to study. Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers, she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspirati

16、on to her family-and thats pretty powerful. 4. What did Jennifer do after high school? A. She helped her dad with his work. B. She ran the family farm on her own. C. She supported herself through college. D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home. 5. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Minis

17、try Saint Josephs Hospital in Marshfield? A. To take care of her kids easily. B. To learn from the best nurses. C. To save money for her parents. D. To find a well-paid job there. 6. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal? A. Her health. B. Her time with family. C. Her reputation. D. Her ch

18、ance of promotion. 7. What can we learn from Jenifers story? A. Time is money. B. Love breaks down barriers. C. Hard work pays off. D. Education is the key to success. 【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Jennifer 在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，以及家人 的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了 榜样

19、，让他们得到了激励。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的 After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.(高中毕业后， Jennifer 上了一所当地的 技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育)可知，高中毕业后 Jennifer 通过自己 挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C. She su

20、pported herself through college.(她自食其力读完了 大学)符合以上说法，故选 C 项。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的 She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Misnistry Saint Josephs Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with h

21、er kids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的 UW-Eau Claire 项目， 因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子)可知，Jennifer 选 择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的 UW-Eau Claire 项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。A. To take care of her kids easily.(为了方便照顾她的孩子)符合以上说法，故选 A 项。 【6 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的 Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights

22、 with her kids and missing important events to study.(Jennifer 为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起 的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动)可知，为了实现自己的目标 Jennifer 放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B. Her time with family.(她与家人的时光)符合以上说法，故选 B 项。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。 根据最后一段的Through it all, she remind in good academic standing and graduated with honors.(虽 然经历了

23、这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和 However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and thats the pretty powerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了 重要的一课。Jennifer 是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励-这是非常强大的。

24、)可知，Jennifer 在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。 由此推测， 我们可以从 Jennifer 的故事中学到:努力总会有回报。 C. Hard work pays off.(努力会得到回报)符合 以上说法，故选 C 项。 C In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few

25、years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea. His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road

26、 trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in

27、California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers. This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets

28、a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea. Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insi

29、ghts and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever

30、 it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. 8. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan? A. His friends invitation. B. His interest in the country. C. His love for teaching. D. His desire to regain health. 9. What does the underlined word “that” in

31、paragraph 2 refer to? A. Developing a serious mental disease. B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia. C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea. 10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissells road trip in Uzbekistan? A. Romantic. B. Eventful. C. Pleasa

32、nt. D. Dangerous. 11. What is the purpose of this text? A. To introduce a book. B. To explain a cultural phenomenon. C. To remember a writer. D. To recommend a travel destination. 【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. A 【解析】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了 Bissell 写的追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵这本书。这本书是 Bissell 在乌 兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察

33、。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的”A few years later, still attracted to the country. he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Ara Sea”可知，几年后，Bissell 仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克 斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让 Bissell 先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。 故选 B。 【9 题详解】 词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that 用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断 tha

34、t 指代第一段的内容，根据第 一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消 失的文章)”可知，that 指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选 D。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段”This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, mad

35、e of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬 礼)followed by a strange drinking p

36、arty. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell 既体会到了友善和温暖， 也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell 欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀 疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒 会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中

37、，他 经历了很多事情。结合选项，B 选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选 B。 【11 题详解】 推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书追 逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作 目的是介绍一本书。故选 A。 D According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influ

38、ence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments

39、. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the act

40、or weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took si

41、gnificantly more when the actor was thin. For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin a

42、ctor took 30 pieces. The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when were making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “Ill have what shes having” effect. However, well adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a lar

43、ge portion, Ill hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, Ill follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why cant I? 12. What is the recent study mainly about? A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership. C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior. 13.

44、What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons. 14. Why did the researchers hire the actor? A. To see how she would affect the participants. B. To test if the participants could recognize her. C. To find

45、out what she would do in the two tests. D. To study why she could keep her weight down. 15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph? A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be. C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food. 【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15.

46、 C 【解析】 本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详 述了这个实验的过程。 【12 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake” 可知， 根据消费者研究杂志最近 的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这

47、项研究是关于饮食行 为的。故选 D。 【13 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一 起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是 the beanpoles with big appetites。由 contrary to 可推断出，画线 词和 heavier people（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D 选项（瘦瘦

48、高高的人）正好和 heavier people 正好相反。 故选 D。 【14 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三 段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影 响参与者。故选 A

49、。 【15 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion, Ill hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, Ill follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why cant I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但 如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我们是根据我 们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选 C。 第二节第二节( (共共 5 5 小题小