托福考试长难句分析课件.pptx

1、长难句分析Some of the earliest human civilizations arose in southern Mesopotamia,in what is now southern Iraq,in the fourth millennium B.C.E.In the second half of that millennium,in the south around the city of Uruk,there was an enormous escalation in the area occupied by permanent settlements .A large p

2、art of that increase took place in Uruk itself,which became a real urban center surrounded by a set of secondary settlements.While population estimates are notoriously unreliable,scholars assume that Uruk inhabitants were able to support themselves from the agricultural production of the field surro

3、unding the city,which could be reached with a daily commute.But Uruks dominant size in the entire region,far surpassing that of other settlements,indicates that it was a regional center and a true city.Indeed,it was the first city in human history.1.长难句形成1 句子你为什么那样长？Group1:1.I live in a small villag

4、e.2.The small village is quiet and beautiful.3.There arent many people left in the village.4.Many young people go to big cities to make money.5.There are only children and old people left.6.Children will also go to other places.7.Children grow up.Sentence1:I live in a small village which is quiet an

5、d beautiful,but there arent many people left in the village because many young people go to big cities to make money,so there are only children and old people left,and children will also go to other places when they grow up.Sentence1:I live in a small village which is quiet and beautiful,but there a

6、rent many people left in the village because many young people go to big cities to make money,so there are only children and old people left,and children will also go to other places when they grow up.Sentence1:I live in a small village which is quiet and beautiful,but there arent many people left i

7、n the village because many young people go to big cities to make money,so there are only children and old people left,and children will also go to other places when they grow up.Sentence1:I live in a small village which is quiet and beautiful,but there arent many people left in the village because m

8、any young people go to big cities to make money,so there are only children and old people left,and children will also go to other places when they grow up.Group2:He glanced at the bits of wood and metal.They lay around him.He sadly picked up the mattress.He carried it into his house.Sentence2:Glanci

9、ng at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him,the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house.总结总结：如何把短句子变长：如何把短句子变长？标点并列连词从属连词分词2.长难句破解Sentence1：Extracting heat from very hot,dry rocks presents a more difficult problem:the rocks must be fractured to permit the circulation

10、of water,and the water must be provided artificially.(29 words)2.1 长难句解析分析分析：如何如何把把长长句子变短？句子变短？标点并列连词从属连词分词切！切抓粘长难句怎么破？Sentence1：Extracting heat from very hot,dry rocks presents a more difficult problem:/the rocks must be fractured/to permit the circulation of water,/and the water must be provided a

11、rtificially.2.2 长难句分析举例Group1：1.Extracting heat from very hot,dry rocks presents a more difficult problem:2.the rocks must be fractured 3.to permit the circulation of water,4.and the water must be provided artificially.梳理句子之间关系：234是对1的解释说明；3是2的目的；2和4并列Sentence2：The latter two sources are limited to

12、those few areas /where surface water seeps down through underground faults or fractures/to reach deep rocks/heated by the recent activity of molten rock material.(33 words)Group2：1.The latter two sources are limited to those few areas 2.where surface water seeps down through underground faults or fr

13、actures 3.to reach deep rocks 4.heated by the recent activity of molten rock material.Sentence3：The areas/that are now desert were,/like all arid regions,/very susceptible to cycles of higher and lower levels of rainfall,/resulting in major,sudden changes in distributions of plants and animals.(33 w

14、ords)Group3：1.The areas that are now desert were,2.like all arid regions,3.very susceptible to cycles of higher and lower levels of rainfall,4.resulting in major,sudden changes in distributions of plants and animals.Questions1.短句子是如何变长的？2.碰到长难句怎么办？托福阅读句子简化题米悦 泉州新东方微信:401948593MIYUEXDF.CN1.句子简化题介绍2.做

15、题方法3.练习1.句子简化题介绍1.1 基本介绍题型描述题型描述要求选出最能表达句子必要信息的选项。要求选出最能表达句子必要信息的选项。数量数量每篇0-1个答题时间答题时间每题最多两分钟1.2 题型识别Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentences in the passage?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential informa

16、tion.2.做题方法2 做题方法1.看句子结构2.抓句子主干3.对比选项TPO27-PASSAGE1：Paragraph 1:Some of the earliest human civilizations arose in southern Mesopotamia,in what is now southern Iraq,in the fourth millennium B.C.E.In the second half of that millennium,in the south around the city of Uruk,there was an enormous escalati

17、on in the area occupied by permanent settlements.A large part of that increase took place in Uruk itself,which became a real urban center surrounded by a set of secondary settlements.While population estimates are notoriously unreliable,scholars assume that Uruk inhabitants were able to support them

18、selves from the agricultural production of the field surrounding the city,which could be reached with a daily commute.But Uruks dominant size in the entire region,far surpassing that of other settlements,indicates that it was a regional center and a true city.Indeed,it was the first city in human hi

19、story.2.1 真题演练一1.While population estimates are notoriously unreliable,scholars assume that Uruk inhabitants were able to support themselves from the agricultural production of the field surrounding the city,which could be reached with a daily commute.Although scholars cannot accurately determine th

20、e size of the Uruk population,they know the citizens were not dependent on agriculture.Scholars do not have enough evidence to determine whether the agricultural areas just outside of Uruk were large enough to feed the citys population Because city populations cannot feed themselves,scholars think t

21、he surrounding farms provided food the people in Uruk.Scholars believe that the inhabitants of Uruk were able to support themselves from produce grown in field surrounding the city.While population estimates are notoriously unreliable,scholars assume that Uruk inhabitants were able to support themse

22、lves from the agricultural production of the field surrounding the city,which could be reached with a daily commute.Step1:句子结构：while，whichStep2:句子主干：scholar assume that Uruk inhabitant were able to support themselves from the agricultural production of the field surrounding the city.Step3:对比选项：A 项：n

23、ot dependable on agriculture 不符合B项 无法决定是否可以feed themselves 不符合C项 cannot feed themselves 不符合D选项 were able to support 正确Paragraph 2：Generally speaking,the interiors of plates are geologically uneventful.However,there are exceptions.A glance at a map of the Pacific Ocean reveals that there are many isl

24、ands far out at sea that are actually volcanoesmany no longer active,some overgrown with coralthat originated from activity at points in the interior of the Pacific Plate that forms the Pacific seafloor.2.2真题演练二2.A glance at a map of the Pacific Ocean reveals that there are many islands far out at s

25、ea that are actually volcanoesmany no longer active,some overgrown with coralthat originated from activity at points in the interior of the Pacific Plate that forms the Pacific seafloor.Volcanic activity is responsible for the formation of the Pacific seafloor in the interior of the Pacific Plate Ma

26、ny volcanoes in the Pacific Ocean are no longer active and have become islands that support coral There are many islands in the Pacific Ocean that originated as volcanoes in the interior of the Pacific Plate The map of the Pacific Ocean reveals fewer volcanic islands than there truly are because man

27、y are no longer active and some are completely overgrown with coralA glance at a map of the Pacific Ocean reveals that there are many islands far out at sea that are actually volcanoesmany no longer active,some overgrown with coralthat originated from activity at points in the interior of the Pacifi

28、c Plate that forms the Pacific seafloor.Step1:句子结构：三个that（定语从句后面修饰前面名词）和两个波折号（解释说明）Step2:句子主干：there are many islands far out at sea that are actually volcanosStep3:对比选项：A选项因果关系与原文相反；B选项主要是波折号之间的内容，是细节；C选项跟句子主干信息相符合；D选项说地图反映的比实际少与原文不符合。3.句子简化题规律3.1 正确选项特征同义替换句式变化原文总结3.2 错误选项特征少多大假偏无3.3 解题三大原则论述对象不变论述内容不变逻辑关系不变4.句子简化题练习 P66总结总结：如何做句子简化题u看看结构结构抓主干抓主干比选项比选项u理顺逻辑理顺逻辑关系关系弄清论述内容弄清论述内容1.做句子简化题有哪些步骤？做句子简化题有哪些步骤？2.句子简化题正确和错误选项各有哪些特征？句子简化题正确和错误选项各有哪些特征？3.句子简化题三大原则是什么？句子简化题三大原则是什么？Question Time!