职业高中英语基础模块下册uniWhasimoran课件.ppt

1、Unit3定语从句（一）定语从句（一）Attributive Clause在复合句中修饰某一名词名词或代词代词的从句叫定语从句，在句中作定语。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词之后之后。引导定语从句的有关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose)和关系副词（where,when,why).本单元我们将学习由关系代词引导的定语从句。eg.The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.住在我们隔壁的人是买菜的。You must do everything that I do.我做什么，你就必须做什么。The m

2、an who is standing by the gate is our doorman.站在大门旁边的那个人是我们的看门人。关系代词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句中起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词同时又用作定语从句的一个句子成分作定语从句的一个句子成分，可做主语，宾语和定语。主语，宾语和定语。1.做主语做主语 做主语时，其谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。eg.The children who live on the nearby farms go to school by bike.住在农场附近的孩子都是骑车去上学。The man who is standing by the

3、gate is our doorman.站在大门旁边的那个人是我们的看门人。2.作宾语作宾语eg.The man whom you want to see has come.你要见的那个人已经来了。This is the hospital that we visited yesterday.这是我们昨天参观的医院。The letter which I received yesterday was from a friend of mine.我昨天收到的那封信是我的一个朋友寄来的。在口语和非正式文体中，定语从句里作宾语作宾语的关系代词可以省略的关系代词可以省略。如上面三例中的关系代词均可省略。3

4、.作定语作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。eg.Whats the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?他姐姐是医生的那个年轻人叫什么名字？Is that the man whose house was burnt down last week.是不是这个人的房子上星期着火啦？1.Who 指人指人，在定语从句中作主语作主语。eg.The man who was here yesterday is a middle school teacher.昨天来这里的那个人是个中学老师。Girls who work in restau

5、rants are called waitresses.在餐馆里工作的女孩被称为女服务员。2.Whom 指人指人，在定语从句中作宾语作宾语，可省略可省略。eg.The man(whom)I telephoned is out.我给他打电话的那个人出去了。The woman(whom)you saw in my room yesterday is my mother.你昨天在我房间见到的那个妇女是我的母亲。Do you know the young woman(whom)we met at the gate?你认识 我们在大门口遇见的那个青年妇女吗？3.Which 指物指物，在定语从句中可作主语

6、或宾作主语或宾语语，作宾语时可省略作宾语时可省略。eg.The book which is on the desk is mine.桌子上的书是我的。The dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.词典是解释词的意义的书。Here is the book(which)the teacher mentioned yesterday.这就是老师昨天提到的那本书。The film(which)I saw yesterday is very interesting.我昨天看的电影很有趣。4.that 多指物指物，也可指人指人。指物时与

7、which 通用，指人时与who,whom 通用。在定语从句中可作主语作主语和宾语和宾语，作宾语时可省略作宾语时可省略。eg.Is he the man that(who)will teacher us English?他就是要来教我们英语的那个人吗？（作主语，指人）Who is the person that（who)is working at the computer over there?在计算机上工作的那个人是谁？（作主语，指人）Ive read the newspaper that(which)carries the editorial.我已经看过登载那篇社论的那份报纸。（作主语，指

8、物）The letter that(which)I received yesterday is from my family.我昨天收到的那封信是我家里来的。（作宾语，指物，可省去）This is the house that(which)they built last year.这就是他们去年修的房子。（作宾语，指物，可省去）5.Whose 即可指人指人，也可指物指物，在定语从句中作定语作定语，相当于of whom of which.eg.The young man whose mother works in a middle school is a worker.母亲在中学工作的那个年轻人

9、是个工人，This is Mr.Snow whose wife works at a department store.这位是斯诺先生，他的妻子在一家百货店工作。Whats the name of the boy whose brother is a doctor?他哥哥是医生的那个孩子叫什么名字？指人时只用指人时只用who,whom 不用不用that的情况的情况先行词是指人的不定代词，如：one,ones,none,anyone,somebody,those等时，关系代词只能用只能用 who,whom而不用不用that.eg.Those who want to go abroad on ho

10、liday have to come to this office and fill in the forms.打算去国外休假的人请到本办公室填表。Those who are going,come here.要去的人到这儿来。只用只用that 而不用而不用 which的情况的情况1.先行词为all,everything,something,anything,nothing,none,one,much,little,few等不定代词时或先行词是受到这些不定代词以及the only,the very,the same,the last 等词修饰时。eg.Thats all that I know.

11、我知道的就这些。We know nothing that happened here yesterday.我们不知道昨天这里发生的事。The only thing that you have to do is to help clean the windows.唯一的一件你得做的事是帮助把窗户搽干净。I mean the one that was bought yesterday.我指的是昨天买的那个。2.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时被形容词最高级修饰时Eg.This is one of the most exciting football games(that)I have never see

12、n.这是我所看过的足球赛中最激动人的一种。It was the finest art exhibition(that)we ever saw.这是我们所见过的最好的艺术展览。This is the best thing that has been used against pollution.这是目前用于防污染的最好的东西。It is the most important task that should be finished soon.这是必须马上完成的最重要的任务。3.先行词为数词或被序数词修饰时：先行词为数词或被序数词修饰时：eg.Ill never forget the first

13、lesson（that）I learned at this school.我永远不会忘记在这所学校里上的第一堂课。The first thing(that)we should do is to work out a plan.我们应该做的第一件事是订个计划。Look at these flowers,you can see the two that you gave me.瞧这些花，你能看到你给我的那两朵。4.先行词中既有人又有物时：先行词中既有人又有物时：eg.We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had v

14、isited.我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下深刻的印象。1.whom,which在从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起引导定语从句，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面.eg.The young man to whom you talked is a famous athlete.The young man whom you talked to is a famous athlete.刚才你与之谈话的年轻人是个著名的运动员。This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.这就是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。keep on doing sth持续不断、坚持做某事持

15、续不断、坚持做某事put into practice 把把付诸实践付诸实践2.关系代词that作介词宾语时，介词不可放在介词不可放在 that之前之前，只能放在从句中原来的位置上。eg.The city that she lives in is very far away.她生活的那座城市离这里很远。Can you lend me the book that you were talking about the other day?你可以把你那天谈的那本书借给我吗？3.Whose还可以在从句中与它所修饰的词一起做介词宾语v eg.The boss in whose company my fat

16、her worked is a foreigner.我父亲工作过的那个公司的老板是个外国人。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句：是先行词不可缺少的定语。如果将这种定语从句省去，主句的意思就会不完整。不可用逗号与主句隔开。非限制性定语从句：是先行词的附加说明，如果省去，也不影响主句的意思，它和主句之间用逗号分开。This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我所看过的电影中最好的一个。Last night,I saw a very good film,which was about the Anti-Japanese War

17、.昨晚我看了一部很好的电影，它是关于抗日战争的。She is the woman who telephoned the police.她是给警察打电话的那位妇女。This letter is from my sister,who is working in a company now.这是我姐姐写给我的信，她现在在一个公司工作。Reading1.remind sb.of 使某人想起eg.This picture reminds me of my hometown.The film reminded me of what he had seen in Beijing.It reminded me

18、 of the mistakes I had made before.2.unless =if not 如果不.，除非 eg.I think we can get there on time unless theres traffic jam.We wont finish the work unless we get help from them.3.instead of 用代替；是.而不是.eg.We shall have tea in the garden instead of the house.They went to the village on foot instead of by

19、 bus.instead adv.代替，顶替eg.We have no coffee.Would you like a cup of tea instead?4.show off 卖弄，炫耀eg.He is a man who is always showing off.Why does she always want to show off in front of our class.show off 后可跟宾语eg.He likes to show off his abilities.5.be different from eg.Our school is a vocational sch

20、ool.It is different from yours.6.not all 并非所有的.部分否定eg.Not all boys like to play football.7.at the same time 同时eg.Dont speak at the same time.8.earn ones living 谋生eg.He earns his living as a driver.9.accept 认为某事属实，接受某事eg.The police accepted his story as true.I cant accept that he is to blame.10.grow

21、up 长大，成长eg.Tom wants to be a doctor when he grows up.11.afford 付得起，买得起eg.She cant afford the expense.Im sure you can afford the new type of MP4.afford to do sth.担负的起做某事eg.We cant afford to waste time and money.12.be known as 作为.而出名，被认为是eg.She was well known as an excellent dancer.be known for=be fam

22、ous foreg.Charlie Chaplin is famous for his silent film.13.be proud of 以.为荣，自豪eg.I am proud of being a teacher.Parents are proud of their childrens success.14.on earth 世上，终究，到底eg.Whats on earth is it?Whats the matter there on earth?15.cheer up 加油，振作起来eg.She cheered up when we went to see her.Learnin

23、g English “Yes,please!come on and have a look!”10 percent discount,ok?You cant find better or cheaper ones.”The salesgirls in Beijings Xiushui Market are giving the foreign customers very good service in English.They can speak fluent English in their business to recommend commodities and to promote

24、sales.Those who have ever been to Xiushui Market would admire the salesgirls perfect English and this highlight also makes Xiushui Market more famous.It is said that most of the salesgirls didnt have the chance to study in a university.Many of them just graduated from vocational schools or high scho

25、ols.How can they speak English so well?There is nothing secret,They just keep on learning by themselves and put what they have learned into practice in their jobs with confidence.When we first start to study English,many of us think English is too difficult to learn,so some of us lose confidence or

26、even give up.What a pity!The salesgirls in Xiushui Market have set a good example to us in learning English.The following ideas may be helpful to you.Reading is an important way for Chinese students to learn English.The more you read,the more you learn.When you meey new words,dont feel bored,jusy tr

27、y your best to think them over,understand and remember them.A dictionary usually helps you.The more words and idioms you know,the easier English becomes.When we first start to study English,many of us think English is too difficult to learn,so some of us lose confidence or even give up.开始去做开始去做太太而不能

28、而不能失去信失去信放弃放弃start to开始去做开始去做lose confidence失去信心失去信心give up +名词名词/动名词动名词放弃放弃What a pity!The salesgirls in Xiushui Market have set a good example to us in learning English.The following ideas may be helpful to you.可惜的事可惜的事 What a pity!多遗憾啊！多遗憾啊！为为树立榜样树立榜样有帮助的有帮助的 有益的有益的Reading is an important way for

29、 Chinese students to learn English.The more you read,the more you learn.the+比较级。比较级。the+比较级比较级 越越越越The more work you do，the more money you make 你做的工作越多，你挣得钱越多。你做的工作越多，你挣得钱越多。When you meet new words,dont feel bored,jusy try your best to think them over,understand and remember them.感到厌烦的感到厌烦的 try/do o

30、nes best to do sth 尽某人最大的努力去做某事尽某人最大的努力去做某事think over仔细考虑仔细考虑理解理解 懂得懂得A dictionary usually helps you.The more words and idioms you know,the easier English becomes.掌握的英语越多，英语就变得越容易掌握的英语越多，英语就变得越容易The more words you have got,the easier English becomes.习惯用语习惯用语 习语习语If you have difficulty speaking Engli

31、sh,you should listen as much as possible;have difficulty(in)doing sth 在方面有困难asas possible 尽可能尽可能的的repeat what you have heard and try to say what you want to say in English.Dont be afraid of making mistakes.重复重复害怕害怕 +doing犯错犯错make a mistakemake mistakesMany students find it difficult to understand sp

32、oken English.The answer is to listen as much as you can.Take it easy at first.Success with simple tapes at the beginning is a better way.放松放松 不紧张不紧张在在的开始时的开始时将下列句子变成被动语态1.We asked the visitors not to touch the paintings.2.They will put off the meeting.3.The workers have finished the work.4.When I ca

33、me in,she was cleaning the room.5.They are mending the road.1.The visitors were asked not to touch the paintings.2.The meeting will be put off.3.The work has be finished.4.When I came in,the room was being cleaned.5.The road are being mended.1.The teacher had the students()the new words in their exe

34、rcise-books.A.copying B.copied C.to copy D.copy2.Something was wrong with my bike.I will ask someone()it.A.To repair B.repairing C.repaired D.have repaired3.I dont mind _all my spare time_ the sick old man.A.To give,to help B.to give,helping C.giving,to help D.giving,helping4.I felt very thirsty and

35、 stopped_.A.To drink B.drinking C.drunk D.drink5.The mother told her son_ football in the street.A.dont play B.not to play C.to not play D.not playing 6.Teachers should teach their students _ on well with_.A.how to get,others B.how they get,anotherC.how to get,another D.how get,others7.We find it fu

36、nny _ with him.A.talking B.to talk C.talk D.talked8.It is impossible _ the work at once.A.to finish B.finishing C.finished D.finish9.He wanted something _.A.to drink cold B.cold to drink C.cold drink D.drink cold10.We cant find a better hotel _.A.live B.to live C.to live in D.live in11.I hurried to

37、the library only _ it was closed.A.finding B.found C.find D.to find12.The parents are very happy _with their children.A.to play B.play C.playing D.playedPick sb.up 开车接某人eg.Would you please pick me up at five?be located in 位于，坐落于eg.The village is located in the north of China.Beihai Park is located i

38、n the center of China.have sth.done 使被eg.I had my bike repaired.It is said that 据说eg.It is said that the bridge was built in the Ming Dynasty.be forced to do sth.被迫做 eg.I was forced to clean the window again.by hand 手工制作Pleace of interest 名胜eg.There are a lot of pleaces of interest around the world.be in style 在流行中eg.This type of dressis now in style.be famous for 以而著名