北京市东城区2022-2023高一下学期期末英语试卷及答案.pdf

1、 2023 北京东城高一（下）期末 英 语 本试卷共本试卷共 10 页，共页，共 100 分。考试时长分。考试时长 90 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用第一部分：知识运用(共三节，共三节，38 分分)第一节第一节 选词填空选词填空(共共 13 小题小题;每小题每小题 1 分，共分，共 13 分分)A 用方框中的单词或短语完成句子。decorate beyond generous intelligent function keep

2、 track of try out adapt to 1.Its very _ of you to lend me your book.2.The machine doesnt _ well in cold weather.3.After 30 years,the town has changed _ recognition.4.Anyone with musical talent can _ for the competition.5.When important festivals approach,we will _ the houses.6.Every time I go out fo

3、r a walk,I use this app to _ my steps.7.To become an astronaut,you must be _ enough to get a related college degree.8.Scientists are concerned that its difficult for animals to _ the climate change.B 用方框中单词的正确形式完成句子。extinct definite equip usual energy 9.Working out regularly,he is always _.10.Never

4、go climbing without the proper _.11.The boys _ behaviour puzzled the doctor.12.Many endangered species are now facing the danger of _.13.It was an amazing atmosphere _ the best one Ive ever experienced.第二节第二节 完形填空完形填空(共共 10 小题小题;每小题每小题 1 分，共分，共 10 分分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个

5、选项中，选出最佳选项，并在四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。答题卡上将该项涂黑。Gus White was driving home from work when he spotted a pair of dogs in the flash of his headlights.It was snowing so hard.What were they doing out here,when it was too _14_ for dogs to go outside?Gus parked his truck and approached the animals.He _15_

6、his hands to them,which made no effort to escape.He placed the dogs on the passenger seat and they were snuggled(依偎)together there.Gus took a picture of the pair and _16_ it to his wife,Katie White.Then he called the _17_ from the dogs ID tags.A man answered.“I gave those dogs away,”the man said.“We

7、ll,do you want them back?”“No.”The man hung up.These dogs were _18_ in this world.Gus looked over at them,their large eyes begging.He called Katie.“Bring them home”,she said.The Whites prepared a bed for the dogs,also setting out food and water.As a boy,Gus had dreamed of owning dogs but _19_ this p

8、air was out of the questionthe Whites already had a family dog.The next day,they took the dogs to a _20_ to drop them offon one condition.“Im not signing the dogs over to you if youre going to _21_ them,”Katie said.The shelter workers promised her theyd keep the couple together.In the days following

9、,Katie phoned the shelter _22_ to check up on Pepper and Cooper.Soon,the dogs were adopted,as a pair,to a loving family.Its a simple story but it speaks to the best of our _23_.14.A.wet B.late C.windy D.cold 15.A.reached out B.spread out C.gave out D.pushed out 16.A.handed B.took C.sent D.donated 17

10、.A.police B.passenger C.name D.number 18.A.important B.fearless C.friendly D.homeless 19.A.keeping B.curing C.attending D.training 20.A.shop B.shelter C.park D.street 21.A.leave B.adopt C.separate D.treat 22.A.unwillingly B.casually C.repeatedly D.hardly 23.A.power B.nature C.knowledge D.worth 第三节第三

11、节 语法填空语法填空(共共 10 小题小题;每小题每小题 1.5 分，共分，共 15 分分)A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。In 2009,Whitacre received a video of a girl _24_ was singing one of his works.Inspired,he asked his fans _25_(make)videos,which he then joined together into one performance.His first virtua

12、l choir had 185 singers _26_ 12 different countries.It has received millions of views on the Internet.Since then,the virtual choir _27_(become)a worldwide phenomenon.B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。In 1941,Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed di

13、rector of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital,but just a few months later,the department _28_(close)because of the war._29_(think)of all the people still in need of help,Dr Lin opened a private clinic.She charged very low fees to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients.At tim

14、es she was even seen _30_(ride)a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白 处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。The Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional Chinese holiday _31_(celebrate)by many people today.It _32_(fall)on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.T

15、here are many activities and customs,such as _33_(race)dragon boats.It is also an occasion for families to gather and for people to pay respect to the famous poet,Qu Yuan.第二部分：阅读理解第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，共两节，30 分分)第一节第一节(共共 10 小题小题;每小题每小题 2 分，共分，共 20 分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项

16、四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。涂黑。A Family days out can be expensive but its possible to stick to a budget during the summer holidays by taking advantage of the following activities.Outdoor activities At Brimham Rocks,there is a one-hour rock explorer activity on 14 July.The activity is free,although car-p

17、arking charges apply for non-National Trust members.While getting out into nature has lots of benefits,sometimes you need an extra activity to keep things interesting.For example,the Woodland Trust is hosting a tree planting event at Yonder Oak Wood,near Exmouth in Devon.There are morning and aftern

18、oon sessions on 18 and 19 July.It is free to attend but online booking ahead of time is essential.Rainham Marshes,the RSPB nature reserve in Purfleet,Essex,is running an arts programme for children aged three to ten on 14 July.You can sign up online and tickets cost 3.It is also hosting pond-dipping

19、 activities on 15 July(up to 5.50).Arts,crafts and museums For Londoners or those visiting the capital during the holiday,the Southbank Centre is hosting the Imagine Childrens Festival(until 18 July),where many events are free,including hip-hop dance workshops,and live music shows.The Tate Modern is

20、 hosting Threads,a free family event running from 1119 July where you work together to create your own artwork using colorful threads and textiles.The Royal Air Force Museum London(free entry)in Hendon has a range of free activities on offer over the same dates,including a robot-coding workshop,a ra

21、dar maths challenge and tote bag making.And the Victoria and Albert Museum in South Kensington is running free Chinese themed events including a drop-in workshop for families where you make a traditional Chinese kite(1517 July).34.Where is the tree planting event held?A.At Brimham Rocks.B.At Yonder

22、Oak Wood.C.In RSPB nature reserve.D.In the Southbank Centre.35.What can you do at the Imagine Childrens Festival?A.Take dance classes.B.Create an artwork.C.Learn robot-coding.D.Make a Chinese kite.36.The passage is intended for _.A.artists B.teachers C.guides D.parents B Hibernation is not just slee

23、p.While we sleep,our brains fire up and become highly active;in hibernation,on the contrary,brain activity completely slows down.The body temperature of hibernating animals also drops,in some cases close to the freezing point.Cells(细胞)stop dividing and heart rate decreases to two beats per minute.Ye

24、t,once its time to wake up,hibernating animals come back to life without any significant side effects like freezing,muscle loss,or loss of bone density during the long winter months.The same,however,cant be said about people who wake up from long-term medical comas(昏迷),or even those who have to stay

25、 in bed for long periods of time.Such people,just like astronauts in microgravity,would suffer from a wide range of side effects that come from not actively using their bodies.Scientists are therefore looking into hibernation research with the aim of developing ways to cause hibernation in future sp

26、ace astronauts.Recently,Kelly Drew,a professor of chemistry and biochemistry,has been rewarded for his research.The idea is that rather than having astronauts sit for months in a tiny Mars-bound capsule,consuming food,water and air,and gradually wasting away from not doing much in microgravity,a par

27、t of the crew members could be placed into hibernation.The hibernating astronauts wouldnt need any food or water and could manage with much less air yet they would wake up with their bones and muscles in a much better condition than those of their awake counterparts.“This research could be used to h

28、elp future missions,from the extreme of medically caused hibernation for long term space missions,protecting astronauts from cabin fever,radiation,and much more,”he said.“It could also prove effective in preventing muscle and bone loss in zero gravity.”The state of hibernation could also help in the

29、 medical setting to help protect patients suffering from life-threatening conditions such as heart attacks and strokes.“This could mean that patients who have suffered from a stroke or heart attack could be placed in medically caused hibernation until they can be transported to a hospital to receive

30、 care,which could significantly improve medical outcomes,”the scientist said.37.What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 1?A.The working principles of hibernation.B.The unique features of hibernation.C.The major reasons for hibernation.D.The side effects of hibernation.38.What does the underlined wo

31、rd“counterparts”in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.Bones and muscles.B.Brains.C.Astronauts.D.Patients.39.What will scientists probably do in the future research?A.Study hibernating animals in space missions.B.Find ways to put people into hibernation.C.Improve medical treatments for patients.D.Seek cures for

32、life-threatening diseases.C Will chatbots that can generate fascinating articles destroy education as we know it?New York Citys Department of Education recently banned(禁止)the use of ChatGPT.“While the tool may be able to provide quick and easy answers to questions,”says the official statement,“it do

33、es not build critical-thinking skills,which are necessary for academic and lifelong success.”Banning such use of technology from the classroom is a nearsighted response.Instead,we must find a way forward in which such technologies combine well with,rather than replace,student thinking.Banning ChatGP

34、T is impossible in practice.Students will find ways around the ban,which will cause a further defensive response from teachers and administrators,and so on.Its hard to believe that a close race between those digital natives and their educators will end in a decisive victory for the latter.In fact,ch

35、atbots may well speed up a trend(趋向)toward valuing critical thinking.In a world where computers can fluently answer any question,students need to get much better at deciding what questions to ask and how to fact-check the answers the program generates.So how do we encourage young people to use their

36、 minds when real thinking is so hard to tell apart from its simulacrum(假象)?Teachers,of course,will still want to watch students taking old-fashioned,in-person,no-chatbot-allowed exams to check that they do not cheat.But we must also figure out how to do something new:how to use tools like GPT to ins

37、pire deeper thinking.GPT often generates text that is fluent and“reasonable”but wrong.So using it requires the same mental heavy lifting that writing does:forming an opinion,creating an outline,picking which points to explain and which to drop,and looking for supporting facts.GPT can help with those

38、 tasks,but it cant put them all together.Writing a good essay still requires lots of human thought and work.Indeed,writing is thinking,and good writing is good thinking.One approach is to focus on the process as much as the result.For instance,teachers might require four drafts of an essay.After all

39、,as John McPhee,the famous writer,said,“the central nature of the process is revision.”Each draft gets feedback from the teacher,from peers or even from a chatbot.Then the students produce the next draft,and so on.Will AI one day outperform human beings in thinking?Maybe,but for now,we must think fo

40、r ourselves.Like any tool,GPT is an enemy of thinking only if we fail to find ways to make it our partner.40.How does the author feel about the ban?A.Understandable.B.Irresponsible.C.Unwise.D.Necessary.41.Why is it impossible to ban ChatGPT in practice?A.Because students are digitally fluent.B.Becau

41、se schools will defend the ban.C.Because ChatGPT will keep developing.D.Because people treasure critical thinking.42.How does the author explain his idea in Paragraph 6?A.By quoting others.B.By presenting facts.C.By giving examples.D.By showing similarities.43.What is the passage mainly about?A.Is G

42、PT a process or a result?B.Will GPT outperform students?C.Why Chatbots become a new trend?D.How can Chatbots serve education?第二节第二节(共共 5 小题小题;每小题每小题 2 分，共分，共 10 分分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。选项。In the 17th century when a British businessman hea

43、rd that there were one hundred million people in China,he was determined to go there and sell spoons.He thought even if he could earn one penny for one spoon,he would still make a lot of money._44_ Then,why do the Chinese people use chopsticks?Some people did research on the origin of Chinas chopsti

44、cks.One theory is that chopsticks were very convenient for Chinese to use because China was an agricultural society,relying mainly on vegetables for food.When we steamed or boiled food,it was difficult for us to use spoons to dip vegetables in the soup._45_ Westerners,on the other hand,travelled wit

45、h their animals from place to place and lived on meat.For them,knives and forks were more practical.Chopsticks reflect gentleness and kindness,the main moral teaching of Confucianism._46_ First,dont use it to hit the side of your bowl or plate to make noises,because Chinese people think only beggars

46、 would do this to beg for meals._47_ It means you lay the blame on others.Also,dont stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl.That usually appears at the funerals and is believed to be impolite to the host and the seniors who are at the table.Today,chopsticks have become a typical part of Chine

47、se culture,symbolising the power of unity._48_ However,ten pairs of chopsticks represent strength,which means they wont break off in any cases.We Chinese people draw on this spirit,which always inspires and encourages us to work hand in hand for a better future.A.As a result,spoons were designed and

48、 preferred by Westerners.B.But to his surprise,the Chinese people use chopsticks,not spoons.C.Therefore,Chinese people cleverly invented chopsticks to pick food.D.Besides,never point at people with your chopsticks while using them.E.Indeed,one chopstick is useless and so delicate that it can be brok

49、en readily.F.So these virtues have gradually become the rules people follow in their daily life.G.There are some rules about using chopsticks that you should pay great attention to.第三部分：书面表达第三部分：书面表达(共两节，共两节，32 分分)第一节第一节(共共 4 小题小题;第第 49、50 题各题各 2 分，第分，第 51 题题 3 分，第分，第 52 题题 5 分，共分，共 12 分分)阅读下面短文，根据题

50、目要求用英文回答问题。For most 12-year-olds,any free time after school is spent hanging out with friends,competing in sports,or playing video games.But Alejandro Buxton has another dream:making all-natural candles that he sells online and at a local mall.The idea was inspired by his mother,who had to give up m