人教版选修七英语课件：Unit 4Grammar.ppt

1、高二英语高二英语Book7 Unit 4 第三节第三节 Grammar 学习导航学习导航 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 定语从句是高考重点之一，考点相对集中，主定语从句是高考重点之一，考点相对集中，主 要有关系代词和关系副词的选用、“介词要有关系代词和关系副词的选用、“介词+ +关系关系 代词”引导的定语从句、定语从句与其他从句代词”引导的定语从句、定语从句与其他从句 的区别等知识点。的区别等知识点。 考点一考点一 关系代词和关系副词的理解和选择关系代词和关系副词的理解和选择 定语从句的关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中定语从句的关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中 有三种功能：有三种功能： 连接作用：

2、关系词引导从句，把先行词和从句连接作用：关系词引导从句，把先行词和从句 连接起来；连接起来； 替代作用：关系词在从句中替代前面的先行词；替代作用：关系词在从句中替代前面的先行词； 成分作用：关系词在从句中充当句子成分（主成分作用：关系词在从句中充当句子成分（主 语、宾语、表语、定语或状语）。语、宾语、表语、定语或状语）。 1. 当表示时间、地点、原因的名词，如当表示时间、地点、原因的名词，如day, time, place, factory, reason等作先行词，在定语从句中作等作先行词，在定语从句中作 状语时，用状语时，用where, when, why引导定语从句；在从引导定语从句；在

3、从 句中作主语或宾语时，就用句中作主语或宾语时，就用that或或which。如：。如： This is the factory where I once worked. This is the factory (which / that) Ive visited. The day (that / which) I always remember is Oct. 1. The day when Nanjing was liberated is Sep. 11. The reason why he hasnt come is that he has been ill. Dont believe t

4、he reason (which / that) he gave you. 2. 当表示人的先行词在定语从句中作主语时用当表示人的先行词在定语从句中作主语时用who / that;在定语从句中作宾语时用在定语从句中作宾语时用who / whom / that或省略或省略, 但在介词后只能用但在介词后只能用whom且不可省略；当表示物时用且不可省略；当表示物时用 which / that; 在从句中作定语时，用在从句中作定语时，用whose, 表示“表示“.的”的” 。如：。如： Do you know the student who / that left a moment ago? Do y

5、ou know the student about whom hes talking? Hes the man (that / who / whom) you can depend on. Do you know the student whose father is an engineer? The train that / which has just left is for Hong Kong. 3. 3. 以下情况只能用以下情况只能用that: that: 当先行词是不定代词当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, all, much, little

6、, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one everything, anything, nothing, none, the one 时时; ; 当先行词被当先行词被the only, the very, any, few, little, the only, the very, any, few, little, no, allno, all等修饰时；等修饰时； 当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词被形容词最高级修当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词被形容词最高级修 饰时；饰时； 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时；当先行词是序数词或

7、被序数词修饰时； 当先行词即指人又指物时；当先行词即指人又指物时； 当主句的主语是疑问词当主句的主语是疑问词who / whichwho / which时。时。 如：如：Do you have anything (that) you want to say for yourself？ This is the very person (that) Im looking for. This is the most interesting film(that )Ive ever seen. What is the first American film (that) you have seen? D

8、o you know the persons and things (that) they are talking about? Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 考点二考点二 “介词介词 + 关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 1. “介词介词 + 关系代词关系代词”结构中的关系代词只有结构中的关系代词只有 which和和whom。介词的选择依据如下：。介词的选择依据如下： 介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配。介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配。 The farm on which I once worked has take

9、n on a new look. 介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配。介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配。 Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands? 介词与定语从句中的形容词一起构成一种习惯介词与定语从句中的形容词一起构成一种习惯 性短语。如：性短语。如： Ours is a beautiful country, of which we are greatly proud. 表示表示“所有格所有格”或或“整体与部分关系整体与部分关系”时时,用介用介 词词of. There are 5,000 workers, eigh

10、ty percent of whom are women. 2. 介词提前：当词组中的介词和词组关系紧密时，介词提前：当词组中的介词和词组关系紧密时， 介词不可提前；当介词和词组关系不紧密时，介介词不可提前；当介词和词组关系不紧密时，介 词可以提到关系代词词可以提到关系代词which或或whom前，也可不提前，也可不提 前而放在原来的位置上。如：前而放在原来的位置上。如： This is the room (which / that) he used to live in. = This is the room in which he used to live. 但在下面句子中的介词不可提前。

11、如：但在下面句子中的介词不可提前。如： This is the man (who / whom / that) Im looking for. 考点三考点三 定语从句和强调句式、其他从句的区别定语从句和强调句式、其他从句的区别 1. 定语从句与强调句式的区别：判断的方法就是定语从句与强调句式的区别：判断的方法就是 去掉去掉it is / was 和连词，如果整个句子结构和意义和连词，如果整个句子结构和意义 不受影响则为强调句式。如：不受影响则为强调句式。如： Was it during the Second World War _ he died? 去掉去掉was it及空白处连词，其结构正确

12、，故此句为及空白处连词，其结构正确，故此句为 强调句式，应填强调句式，应填that。 2. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别：判断的方法主定语从句与同位语从句的区别：判断的方法主 要看从句前的名词是否在从句中作成份。作成份要看从句前的名词是否在从句中作成份。作成份 的是定语从句，不作成份而只表示前面名词的具的是定语从句，不作成份而只表示前面名词的具 体内容的则是同位语从句。如：体内容的则是同位语从句。如： The news that he had been back surprised us. that引导的是引导的是同位语从句同位语从句。 The news that he told us surp

13、rised us. that引导的是引导的是定语从句定语从句。 3. 定语从句与状语从句的区别定语从句与状语从句的区别: 与与when引导的时间状语从句的区别：引导的时间状语从句的区别： 判断依据是看从句前有无表示时间的名词，有则为定语从判断依据是看从句前有无表示时间的名词，有则为定语从 句，无则为状语从句。如：句，无则为状语从句。如： He came back at 5 when I was sound asleep. when引导引导定定 语从句。语从句。 He came back when I was sound asleep. when引导引导状语状语 从句从句。 与与where引导的

14、地点状语从句的区别：引导的地点状语从句的区别： 判断依据是看从句前有无表示地点的名词，有则为定语从判断依据是看从句前有无表示地点的名词，有则为定语从 句，无则为状语从句。如：句，无则为状语从句。如： A theatre will be built where it used to be a temple. where引导引导状语从句状语从句。 A theatre will be built at the place where it used to be a temple. where引导引导定语从句。定语从句。 suchas引导的定语从句与引导的定语从句与suchthat引导引导 的结果状语

15、从句的区别：的结果状语从句的区别： 判断的方法主要看从句前的名词是否在从句中作判断的方法主要看从句前的名词是否在从句中作 成份。作成份的是定语从句，连词用成份。作成份的是定语从句，连词用as，不作成份，不作成份 的是结果状语从句，连词用的是结果状语从句，连词用that。如：。如： He is such a kind person as everybody likes. He is such a kind person that everybody likes him. 考点四考点四 关系代词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词数的判关系代词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词数的判 断断 who, which,

16、that替代的是先行词，从句的谓语动词应替代的是先行词，从句的谓语动词应 合先行词的单复数保持一致。如：合先行词的单复数保持一致。如： I talked with the boy who swims fastest in your class. (swim) All the boys who are swimming in the river are from Asia. (be) 当当one of, the only one of作先行词时，定语从句作先行词时，定语从句 的谓语动词的单复数不同。如：的谓语动词的单复数不同。如： He is one of the teachers who kn

17、ow English well. (know) He is the only one of the teachers who knows English well. (know) One of the boys who are my friends is good at English. (be) 考点五考点五 几种较为复杂的定语从句几种较为复杂的定语从句 way引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 当当way在从句中作状语时，在从句中作状语时， 关系词可用关系词可用that 或或in which或省略不填。如：或省略不填。如： Please tell me the way (that / in wh

18、ich) you did the job. the sameas / that定语从句定语从句 as表示同名不表示同名不 同物，同物，that表示同名同物。表示同名同物。 This is the same bag that I lost yesterday. (就是就是 我丢的那个我丢的那个bag) This is the same bag as I lost yesterday. (不是我不是我 丢的那个丢的那个bag) 当先行词为当先行词为job, case, point, stage, situation等抽等抽 象名词时，常用象名词时，常用where引导定语从句；当先行引导定语从句；当

19、先行 词为词为occasion时，常用时，常用when引导定语从句。如：引导定语从句。如： I can think of many cases where students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. 四、语法专练 1. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while

20、D. why 2. Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago? A. where B. when C. that D. what 3. If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A. that B. which C. when D. where 4. Is that the small town you often refer to? Right, just the

21、 one _ you know I used to work for years. A. that B. where C. which D. what 5. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A. where B. which C. when D. that 6. There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. A. which B. that C. where D. when 7. After livin

22、g in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. when D. that 8. These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected. A. A. like B. as C. that D. which 9. She found her calculator _ she lost it. A. in which B. which C. that D. where 10. A

23、long with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 11. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 12. It was for this reason _ her uncle moved

24、 out of New York and settle down in the small village. A. that B. which C. why D. how 13. There is a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever. A. that B. which C. of which D. what 14. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _. A. which;

25、to improve B. where; improving C. that; to be improved D. when; to improve 15. The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom 16. The school themselves admitted that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained. A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which 17. American women usually identify their best friends as someone _ they can talk frequently. A. who B. as C. with whom D. about whom Homework Review the attributive clause and practice more to master it.