高一英语初高中衔接专题十一 主谓一致的考点集汇 讲解和训练.doc

1、用心 爱心 专心 1 专题十一：主谓一致的考点集汇，讲解和训练 【名师点睛】 谓语受主语支配，须和主 语 在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致的原则 （ 1）以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数 ;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如： He goes to school early every morning. The children are playing outside. To work hard is necessary for a student. （ 2）由 and 或 both

2、and 连接的 并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 例如： Both he and I are right. Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom. 但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如： His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl. The poet and writer has come. （ 3）由 and 连接的并列单数 主语之前如果分别由 each, every 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： In our country every boy and

3、every girl has the right to receive education. Each man and each woman is asked to help. （ 4）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如： The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. Nobody but two boys was late for class. Bread and butter is a daily food in the west. （

4、 5） 一些只有复数形式的名词，如 people, police, cattle, clothes 等 作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如： A lot of people are dancing outside. The police are looking for lost boy. （ 6）由 each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如： 用心 爱心 专心 2 Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone. （ 7）有两部分构成的物体的名词，如 glasses, shoes, tro

5、use rs, chopsticks, scissor s 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如： Where are my shoes? I cant find them. Your trousers are dirty. Youd better change them. 如果这类名词前用了 a pair of 等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于 pair 的单复数形式。例如： Here are some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks is on the bed. 2. 意义一致的原则 （ 1）表时间、距离、 价格、度量衡等的名

6、词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如： Twenty years is not a long time. Ten dollars is too dear. （ 2）有些集合名词，如 family, team 等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如： My family is big one. My family are watching TV. （ 3）不定代词由 all, most, more, some, any, none 作主语时，也要依这些代词表示 的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可

7、数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如： All of the work has been finished. All of the people have gone. （ 4）疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如： Who is your brother? Who are League members? （ 5） “分数或百分数 +of+名词 ”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以 of 后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如： It is said that 35 per

8、cent of the doctors are women. Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. （ 6） half, the rest 等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如 果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如： I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult. 用心 爱心 专心 3 Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sic

9、k. （ 7）由 what 引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： What she said is correct. What she left me are a few old books. （ 8）凡是以 “定冠词 +形容词（或分词） ”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. The dead is a

10、famous person. 3. 邻近一致的原则 （ 1）由连词 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, 等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如： Either you or I am r ight. Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it. （ 2）在 “There be” 句型中，谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 There are two apples and one egg in it. （ 3） as

11、 well as 和名词连用时，谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。 He as well as I is responsible for it. 不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。 （ 4）以 here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 Here is a letter and some books for you. 【 演练 】 1. They said the eig hteenth and last lesson _ quite easy. A. is B. was C. are D. were 2. -When are you going to Kumming for your holid

12、ays? -I havent decided. _ this Sunday _ next Sunday is OK. A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not o nly; but also 3. _ Helen _ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China. A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B 4. _ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B.

13、 Some C. Every D. Each 5. Are there any _ on the farm? 用心 爱心 专心 4 A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 6. My shirt _ white and my trousers _ blue. A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are 7. -Two months _ quite a long time. -Yes. Im afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons. A. is B. are C. was D

14、. were 8. The old man has two children but _ of them lives with him. A. both B. none C. neither D. all 9. Our knowledge of computer _ growing all the time. A. be B. is C. are D. were 10. Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began. A. is B. was C. are D. were 11. Most of the houses _

15、 this year. A. has built B. have built C. has been built D. have been built 12 . I think maths _ very diff icult to learn. A. is B. are C. has D. have 13. A large number of students _ to work in Xingjiang. A. have gone B. has gone C. goes D. is going 14. The number of the students in the class _ small. A. are B. is C. have D. were 15. There _ a lot of good news in todays newspaper. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【练习答案】 1. B 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.B11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.A