人教版选修七英语课件：Unit 2 Robots Grammar3.ppt

1、不定式语法不定式语法 不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态 不定式有时态和语态的变化不定式有时态和语态的变化， 时态共四种时态共四种，即一般式即一般式、完成式完成式、 进行式和完成进行式进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主语态分为主 动语态和被动语态动语态和被动语态，如下表所示如下表所示。 语态语态 时态时态 主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态 一般式一般式 to do to be done 完成式完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式进行式 to be doing / 完成进行式完成进行式 to have been doing / 当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词

2、不定当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定 式所表示的动作的执行者时用主动语态；式所表示的动作的执行者时用主动语态； 当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所 表达的动作的承受者时用被动语态表达的动作的承受者时用被动语态。进行进行 式和完成进行式没有被动语态式和完成进行式没有被动语态。 一、一、 不定式的被动形式有下列用法不定式的被动形式有下列用法 1作主语：作主语： It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 2作宾语：作宾语： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.

3、 一一 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所 表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般 要采用被动形式。要采用被动形式。 3构成复合宾语：构成复合宾语： He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didnt like herself to be praised like that. 4构成复合谓语：构成复合谓语： The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. 5作定语：作定语： Are you going to the meeting t

4、o be held in the teachers office? 6作状语：作状语： She was too young to be assigned such work. 二二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动 式式，在句中作主语在句中作主语、宾语宾语、定语定语，或者或者 构成复合宾语构成复合宾语、复合谓语等复合谓语等，如：如： It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语主语） She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语宾语)）

5、 He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语复合宾语） The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语复合谓语） She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）（定语） 三、不定式的主动形式表示被动三、不定式的主动形式表示被动 1在在there be结构中。结构中。 例如：例如： There is a lot of homework to

6、do (也可用也可用to be done) There is no time to lose (to be lost). 三、不定式的主动形式表示被动三、不定式的主动形式表示被动 2在“在“npron + be + adj + to do”结构中。结构中。 常用的形容词有常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard， impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy， interesting，important，expensive，cheap， fit， dangerous等。等。 例如：例如： He is hard to convince. He is an

7、impossible person to work with 3.在“在“tooto do; enoughto”结结 构中。构中。如：如： The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out) The house is big enough to live in. 4在“在“with+n+to do”结构中。结构中。 例如：例如： With nothing to do，he lay in bed With so many exercises to do，I cant go to the cinema 5当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出

8、现时。当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。 例如：例如： I have a letter to type today (I是是to type的逻辑主语的逻辑主语) Do you have anything to say? (you是是to say的逻辑主语的逻辑主语) 6当不定式隐含在当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中结构中 时。时。 例如：例如： This is the best book to read (=for us you to read) The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house

9、 7一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。 常见的这类动词有常见的这类动词有let(出租出租)，rent， hire，blame等。等。 例如：例如： The house is to let I felt l was to blame. NOTICE 动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被 动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在 口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往 用主动语态形式来表示。用主动语态形式来表示。 I have three motors to repair tod

10、ay. The task is difficult to finish on time. 1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains_ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen Exercise B 2. I hurried to the meeting hall, only_ that the meeting had been put off. A. to tell B. to be t

11、old C. telling D. told B 3. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears_ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told D 4. Little Tom should love_ to the theater this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking A 5. It is said that plastics can be

12、 used to_ many things. Now people are used to_ plastics products. A. make; using B. making; using C. making; use D. make; use A 6. With a lot of problems_, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled C 7. He_ and was made to repeat it. A. d

13、idnt understand B. didnt be understood C. wasnt understand D. wasnt understood D 8. The pupils here_ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks. A. kept busy doing B. keep on doing C. have kept busy doing D. have been kept busy doing D 9. Visitors_ not to touch the exhibits. A. will req

14、uest B. request C. are requesting D. are requested D 10. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served B 1.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. (MET99) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not ma

15、ke 不定式与高考题不定式与高考题 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. Expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couples but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. seen C. seeing D. to be seen 4. Allen h

16、ad to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much 5._late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep 6.With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected presi

17、dent is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 7. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _in making the earth a better place to live. A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing 8. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are trying _their products more competitive. A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made