2020年高考英语全国卷Ⅰ真题试卷（详细解答版）.pdf

1、- 1 - 20202020 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试( (全国卷全国卷 I)I) 英英语语 注意事项注意事项: : 1.1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2.2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂 黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答 案写在答题卡

2、上，写在本试卷上无效。案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3.3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第二部分第二部分 阅读理解阅读理解( (共两节，满分共两节，满分 4040 分分) ) 第一节第一节( (共共 1515 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 2 分，满分分，满分 3030 分分) ) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A A、B B、C C 和和 D D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Train Information All customers travelling on TransLink

3、 services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30. While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services an

4、d bus services. Lost property(失物招领) Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located(位于)at Roma Street station. Public holidays On public holidays, generally a Sunday tim

5、etable operates. On certain major event days，i.e. Australia Day,Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable，Before travel please visit translink. com. au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime. Customers u

6、sing mobility devices Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. - 2 - For assistance, please Queensland Rail on 13 16 17. Guardian trains (outbound) DepartOriginDestinationArrive 6:42pmAltandiVarsity Lakes7:37pm 7:29pmCentralVarsity Lakes8:52pm 8:57

7、pmFortitude ValleyVarsity Lakes9:52pm 11:02pmRoma StreetVarsity Lakes12:22am 21. What would you do get ticker information? A. Call 13 16 17.B. Visit translink .com.au. C. Ask at the local station.D. Check the train schedule. 22. At which station can you find the lost property office? A. Altandi.B. R

8、oma Street.C. Varsity Lakes.D. Fortitude Valley. 23. Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes? A. 6:42 pm.B. 7:29 pm.C. 8:57 pm.D. 11:02 pm. 【答案】21. C22. B23. B 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些火车信息，包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出 发时间等信息。 【21 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中 For ticket information, please ask yo

9、ur local station or call 13 12 30. 可知查询车票信息，请向您当地的车站询问或拨打 131230。由此可知，你可以询问当地车站 或拨打 131230 来获得车票信息。故选 C。 - 3 - 【22 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Lost property 部分中 The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located at Roma Street station.可知失物招领处周一至周五早上 7:30 到下午 5:00 营业，位于罗马街车站。由此可知，在 R

10、oma Street 你可以找到失物招领办公室。故选 B。 【23 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Guardian trans 部分中信息，可知从起始地 Central 出发，开往目的地 Varsity Lakes 的火车是下午 7:29 开车。由此可知，如果你要从 Central 去往 Varsity Lakes，你应当乘 坐下午 7:29 的火车。故选 B。 B Returning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. Theres a welcome familiarity - bu

11、t also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books dont change, people do.And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative. The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental re

12、gister. Its true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, its all about the present. Its about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight. There are three books I reread annua

13、lly The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest HemningwaysAMoveable Feast. Published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.Another isAnnie Dillards Holy the Firm, her poe

14、tic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazars Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry.And because Cortazar. While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, whil

15、e money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends. 24. Why does the au

16、thor like rereading? - 4 - A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship. B. Its a window to a whole new world. C. Its a substitute for drinking with a friend. D. It extends the understanding of oneself. 25. What do we know about the book AMoveable Feas!? A. Its a brief account of a trip. B. Its ab

17、out Hemingways life as a young man. C. Its a record of a historic event. D. Its about Hemingways friends in Paris. 26. What does the underlined word currency in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Debt B. Reward. C.Allowance. D. Face value. 27. What can we infer about the author from the text? A. He loves poet

18、ry. B. Hes an editor. C. Hes very ambitious. D. He teaches reading. 【答案】24. D25. B26. B27. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。 作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。 【24 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books dont change, people do. And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就 是使重

19、新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in - 5 - that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现 在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因 为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选 D 项。 【25 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“P

20、ublished in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这 本书出版于 1964 年，这是他关于 20 世纪 20 年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些 野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出 A Movable Feast 是关于海明威年轻时的生 活。故选 B 项。 【26 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necess

21、ary,(虽然金 钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅 读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选 B 项。 【27 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortzars Save Twilight: selected poems, because poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥科塔扎的 拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精

22、选 ， 因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选 A 项。 C Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem. Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer - 6 - Olympi

23、cs is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. Its this strange form that makes race walking suc

24、h an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass. Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says,According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn abo

25、ut 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her rese

26、arch, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step. As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runners knee, are uncommon a

27、mong race walkers. But the sports strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to l

28、earn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice. 28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes? A. They must run long distances. B. They are qualified for the marathon. C. They have to follow special rules. D. They are good at swinging their legs. 29. What advantage does race walking have ov

29、er running? A. Its more popular at the Olympics. B. Its less challenging physically. C. Its more effective in body building. - 7 - D. Its less likely to cause knee injuries. 30. What is Dr. Norbergs suggestion for someone trying race walking? A. Getting expertsopinions. B. Having a medical checkup.

30、C. Hiring an experienced coach. D. Doing regular exercises. 31. Which word best describes the authors attitude to race walking? A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D. Conservative. 【答案】28. C29. D30. A31. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事 这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。 【28 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“But

31、 the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”可知， 但 这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。 由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故 选 C 项。 【29 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“As a result, she says, so

32、me of the injuries associated with running, such as runners knee, are uncommon among race walkers.”可知，一些与 跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的 优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选 D 项。 - 8 - 【30 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段 Dr. Norberg 说的话“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or ex

33、perienced racer to learn proper technique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习 适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr. Norberg 建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选 A 项。 【31 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own

34、problem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受 伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选 B 项。 D The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects.Astudy conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of

35、 the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get the

36、m to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use

37、 every day,explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth

38、of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps. - 9 - in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off tre

39、atment that would last the plants lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and offswitchwhere the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such a

40、s the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. Anew study of different plants. B. A big fall in crime rat

41、es. C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants. 33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer? A. To detect plantslack of water B. To change compositions of plants C. To make the life of plants longer. D. To test chemicals in plants. 34. Wha

42、t can we expect of the glowing plants in the future? A. They will speed up energy production. B. They may transmit electricity to the home. C. They might help reduce energy consumption. D. They could take the place of power plants. 35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Ca

43、n we grow more glowing plants? - 10 - B. How do we live with glowing plants? C. Could glowing plants replace lamps? D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free? 【答案】32. D33. A34. C35. C 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开 发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出 在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。

44、 【32 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中 A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦 进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中

45、，当员工的工作场 所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高 15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植 物的益处。故选 D。 【33 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中 These include plants that have sensors printed on their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.可知这就 包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的 有害化学物

46、质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺 水的情况。故选 A。 【34 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中 Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在 未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选 C。 【35 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中 Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in - 11 - t

47、he US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的 7%。由于 照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上

48、路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。 发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很 有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的 过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作 用。由此可知，C 选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选 C。 第二节第二节( (共共 5 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 2 分，满分分，满分 1010 分分) ) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

49、选项中有两项 为多余选项。为多余选项。 AFew Tips for Self-Acceptance We all want it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. _36_ Heres a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction. _37_ Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world. Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We