英语托福考试写作详解课件.pptx

1、1a第一章第一章 写作是表达不是翻译写作是表达不是翻译2a1.The development of science and technology makes people obtain knowledge considerably easily.2.With the development of science and technology,people are able to/can acquire knowledge easily.3a1.Thesignificancetopreserveourenvironmenthasincreasinglygainedpeoplesawareness

2、.4a I claim/believe/maintain/argue/that In my opinion/From my point of view From my perspective/angle As far as I am concerned5a1.From my perspective,building a factory around our community is terrible.6aOwing to the generation gap,parents sometimes know less about their children than their children

3、s friends.7aIf everybody in the team tries his/her best,the teams working efficiency will be improved considerably.8a Language environment has an enormous impact on the study of a foreign language.9aWe should regard protecting wild animals as protecting our relatives.10aBy watching TV,people have le

4、arned numerous things that are helpful.11aI support the government to spend money on outer space exploration12aA strong and healthy body is the premise to realize great ideals.13aOccasional failure could sometimes be helpful to future success.14a托福写作圣经托福写作圣经1 1 强调表达要清楚！要有倾向性观点强调表达要清楚！要有倾向性观点2 2 托福考试

5、不基于考生的真实身份托福考试不基于考生的真实身份3 3 可以说假话，只写好写的可以说假话，只写好写的4 4 只考察语言水平，不考察思想水平。创新无只考察语言水平，不考察思想水平。创新无意义。意义。5 5 基于表达，而不是基于翻译基于表达，而不是基于翻译6 6 写作不同于平时写作写作不同于平时写作7 7 写作内容和语言同等重要写作内容和语言同等重要8 8 观点的层次比数目更重要观点的层次比数目更重要9 9 逻辑错误比语法错误严重逻辑错误比语法错误严重1010 跑题挂定了跑题挂定了15a 英语与汉语的区别英语与汉语的区别一、一、逻辑逻辑二、表达方式二、表达方式三、文化影响三、文化影响16a猪喂了么

6、你？猪喂了么你？猪你喂了么？猪你喂了么？你喂了么猪。你喂了么猪。你你喂猪了么喂猪了么？喂喂了么你，猪？了么你，猪？17a好着急好着急=好不着急好不着急好容易好容易=好不容易好不容易好可怜好可怜=好不可怜好不可怜18a 刘翔比所有中国人跑得快刘翔比所有中国人跑得快 小红的辫子比阿紫长小红的辫子比阿紫长 努力解决就业问题努力解决就业问题19a 荷花荷花,你愿意死后埋在我家祖你愿意死后埋在我家祖坟里么？坟里么？让我照顾你一辈子吧让我照顾你一辈子吧 虎子哥，瞧你冻得，俺给你织虎子哥，瞧你冻得，俺给你织了条围巾了条围巾20a小鸟经常换巢穴小鸟经常换巢穴。为什么为什么大鸟不？大鸟不？21a因为大鸟不是小鸟

7、。因为大鸟不是小鸟。因为大鸟比较大。因为大鸟比较大。因为小鸟适应能力强。因为小鸟适应能力强。因为小鸟会长大。因为小鸟会长大。因为小鸟经常找不到家。因为小鸟经常找不到家。因为大鸟懒。因为大鸟懒。因为小鸟在外面有情况。因为小鸟在外面有情况。22a 大鸟体型大大鸟体型大巢穴大巢穴大需要需要大量鸟力，物力和吐沫大量鸟力，物力和吐沫-建建造不易造不易-不能迅速建造一不能迅速建造一个新巢个新巢-不能经常换巢穴。不能经常换巢穴。23a-老王去哪了？老王去哪了？-今天星期六。今天星期六。24aI am thinking of a TopicHintHintHintI dont want to say my t

8、opic,but I am sure that you know it.25a英语思维模式This is what I will write about.I am writing about it here.This is what I wrote about.26a课程设置课程设置第一章第一章 写作是表达不是翻译写作是表达不是翻译第二章第二章 托福写作题型及评分标准托福写作题型及评分标准第三章第三章 短文结构短文结构第四章第四章 观点选择观点选择第五章第五章 题型分类题型分类第六章第六章 解题的两种思维模式解题的两种思维模式第七章第七章 段落段落展开展开第八章第八章 综合综合写作写作27a2

9、8a29a30a31a32a33a5304.75294.5284.2527253.75243.5223212.75182.5172.251534a我们的目标是！综合写作 3分独立写作 5分35aFirstly,advertisements can increase the sales and profits of dealers.It is because advertisements can make the products look much better than they really are and attract consumers to buy these products m

10、ore.For instance,the advertisement for a Colgate tooth paste shows that after using the product,the smokers tainted teeth turn white in a week.And the advertisement for Master Kang,a famous Chinese instant noodle brand,shows that the product is extremely delicious with beef,shrimps,and all kinds of

11、vegetables.36a句型多样化句型多样化 37a1.A is important to B.2.A plays an important role/part in B.3.A is of(great/amazing)importance/significance to B38a4.B cannot live/develop/grow/survive without A5.A is B what the foundation is to a skyscraper/water is to fish/the heart is to a human6.A is essential/signif

12、icant/crucial/vital/indispensable to B39a7.The importance of A to B can never be exaggerated/denied/ignored/doubted.8.A means a lot to B9.A is everything/the whole world to B40a10.Nothing is more important to B than A11.A matters/counts to B41a 句子句子扩充扩充将一个简单的句子进行扩充，增之15,25,35，尽量使用不同的语法结构.42a1.1.强调句强

13、调句2.2.倒装倒装句句3.3.比较结构和倍数比较结构和倍数关系关系4.4.虚拟语气虚拟语气5.5.插入语插入语43a1.1.强调句强调句 Her rejection makes me a perfect man.44a It is her rejection that makes me a perfect man.It is a perfect man that her rejection makes me.45aSo.that The girl is so beautiful that she remains single today.So beautiful is the girl th

14、at she remains single today.46a The classroom is so big that it may hold ten thousands students.So big is the classroom that it may hold ten thousands students.47a Her eyes are so big that we dont need the lights.So big are her eyes that we dont need the lights.48a He runs so fast that the train can

15、t catch up with him.So fast does he run that the train cant catch up with him.49a The scientist worked so hard that he forgot his lunch.So hard did the scientist work that he forgot his lunch.50a形容词形容词+though/as+though/as+主语主语+谓语谓语+主句主句 Though I am busy,I will go shopping with you.Busy though/as I a

16、m,i will go shopping with you.51aThough his eyes are big,he cant see anything.Big though his eyes are,he cant see anything.52a Though he is rich,he is unhappy.Rich though he is,he is unhappy.53a Though he is young,he is brave.Young though he is,he is brave.54aThough the advantages(that owing a busin

17、ess enjoys/leads to/results in)are considerable/wonderful/numerous,they cannot compete with the benefits(that working for others brings about/causes),when/if responsibility is taken into account/consideration/deliberation.55aThough the advantages(that owing a business enjoys/leads to/results in)are

18、considerable/wonderful/numerous,they cannot compete with the benefits(that working for others brings about/causes),when/if responsibility is taken into account/consideration/deliberation.56a Though the advantages(that A results in)are considerable,they cannot compete with the benefits(that B brings

19、about),when C is taken into account.57aThough the advantages that living out of the campus enjoys are considerable,they cannot compete with the benefits that living in the campus brings about,when safety is taken into consideration.58a Though the advantages that self teaching enjoys are considerable

20、,they cannot compete with the benefits that learning with teachers brings bout,when the convenience of obtaining help is taken into consideration.59aThough the advantages that satisfied the basic needs of human beings enjoys/leads to/results in)are considerable/wonderful/numerous,they cannot compete

21、 with the benefits That the outer space exploration brings about/causes,when/if responsibility is taken into account/consideration/deliberation.60aThough the advantages(that owing a business enjoys/leads to/results in)are considerable/wonderful/numerous,they cannot compete with the benefits(that wor

22、king for others brings about/causes),when/if responsibility is taken into account/consideration/deliberation.61aConsiderable/wonderful/numerous though the advantages that owing a business enjoys/leads to/results in are,they cannot compete with the benefits that working for others brings about/causes

23、,when/if responsibility is taken into consideration/deliberation/account.62aConsiderable/wonderful/numerous though the advantages that owing a business enjoys/leads to/results in are,they cannot compete with the benefits that working for others brings about/causes,when/if responsibility is taken int

24、o consideration/deliberation/account.63aOnly+Only+状语状语 置于句首置于句首+助动词助动词 +主语主语+谓语谓语+其他其他成分成分 Only through this crisis do I understand that you love me best in the world.64a比较结构和倍数关系比较结构和倍数关系1.A is five times as big as B.2.A is five times bigger than B.3.A is five times the size of B.65a 1.The eyes of

25、Zhaowei are twice as big as those of Xiaoshenyang.2.The eyes of Zhaowei are twice bigger than those of Xiaoshenyang.3.The eyes of Zhaowei are twice the size of those of Xiaoshenyang.66a虚拟语气虚拟语气情况一：情况一：阐述各种假定阐述各种假定的的恶劣的恶劣的后果后果时，可以使时，可以使用虚拟语气用虚拟语气 If we built a factory in our community,there would be

26、much pollution.67a 情况二：表示建议时，可以使情况二：表示建议时，可以使用虚拟用虚拟语气语气 I suggest university students in lower grades live inside campus,those at higher grades live outside campus.I suggest he go now.68a 情况情况三，三，论及不太可能会实现论及不太可能会实现的事情时的事情时，可以使用虚拟可以使用虚拟语气语气 如：如：我想成为美国总统我想成为美国总统。I wish I would be the President of the

27、United States.69a插入语插入语结构有三个显著结构有三个显著特征特征1.1.位置位置灵活，可置于句首、句中灵活，可置于句首、句中或或 句末句末2.2.一般一般用逗号或破折号与句子用逗号或破折号与句子隔开隔开3.3.通常通常与与句中其它部分没有直接语句中其它部分没有直接语 法上法上的联系，将它删掉之后，的联系，将它删掉之后，句句 子结构仍然子结构仍然完整。完整。70a1)Cambridge advanced Learners Dictionary2)Longman dictionary of contemporary English3)Oxford collocations for

28、 students of Englishwww.Lingoes.Cn71a 语言的变化词的变化，句的变化，最重要的是内容的变化，通过具体化来实现。72a每个女演员的相貌都有特点。周迅十每个女演员的相貌都有特点。周迅十分独特，赵薇十分独特，林志玲也十分独特，赵薇十分独特，林志玲也十分独特分独特。周周迅迅下巴尖下巴尖；赵薇；赵薇眼睛大眼睛大；林志林志玲玲腿腿长长_ _73a垃圾食品有害儿童健康垃圾食品有害儿童健康炸薯条炸薯条有害有害炸鸡有害炸鸡有害可乐有可乐有害害Junk food is harmful to childrens heath.Fried chips have negative ef

29、fects on childrens health.Fried chicken undermines their health.Coca-cola takes a toll on their health.74aJunk food is harmful to childrens health.Fried chips have too much oil,which causes overweight among young children.Besides too much fat,fried chickens contain various chemicals to add flavor an

30、d color or prevent the food from going bad.These chemicals can increase the risks of various diseases,such as cancer.And coca-cola decrease childrens appetite for regular meals,causing lack of minerals and vitamins in their bodies.Another problem with cokes is that they have sugar,which causes child

31、rens teeth to decay.75a1.Effectively address the topic and task 2.Is well organized and well developed,using clearly appropriate explanations,exemplifications,and/or details3.Display unity,progression and coherence4.Displays consistent facility in the use of language,demonstrating syntactic variety,

32、appropriate word choice,and idiomaticity,though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors76a需要准备什么资料？需要准备什么资料？77a推荐书目78a推荐网站推荐网站 托福机经网 小马过河 留留学网站 太傻、寄托天下等 新东方批改网79a2.2.要不要列提纲？要不要列提纲？要！要！80a3.3.要不要用机经？要不要用机经？要！要！81a4 4.是否需要专业知识？是否需要专业知识？不要！不要！82a5 5.书面语书面语或口语？或口语？Lablaboratory&ASAP coz，plz2B or

33、 not 2B,that is a?83a6 6.要不要准备模板？要不要准备模板？综合写作要综合写作要独立写作不要独立写作不要84a 7.7.要不要不要标题？要标题？不要不要85a8 8.如何如何分段分段空行式空行式86a第三章第三章 文章结构文章结构87a凤头，猪肚，豹尾凤头，猪肚，豹尾88a写好托福作文三原则写好托福作文三原则开头开头：言简意赅，让：言简意赅，让阅读阅读者者找到找到核心思核心思想，忌：留想，忌：留悬念悬念,埋伏埋伏笔，造神秘笔，造神秘。主体：主体：充分充分展示自己的语言驾驭能力，展示自己的语言驾驭能力，内容拓展能力。内容拓展能力。忌：无层次，不分段，忌：无层次，不分段，段太

34、多段太多。结尾：短小精悍，强调主题。忌：不写，结尾：短小精悍，强调主题。忌：不写，写太多，换主题。写太多，换主题。89a 开头开头introduction 30字字 主体主体body 300 字字 结尾结尾conclusion 15 字字90a开头结尾三原则开头结尾三原则开头结尾模式化开头结尾模式化开头结尾快速开头结尾快速简明简明开头结尾相互开头结尾相互呼应呼应91a怎么写背景怎么写背景1.1.提出一种普遍现象或值提出一种普遍现象或值得关注的现象（紧扣论题）得关注的现象（紧扣论题）作为背景。作为背景。2.2.官方官方/权威数据，权威数据，调查调查数据结果数据结果92aThe first sen

35、tence1.Technology is of vital importance to modern living.2.Technology is playing an essential role in modern living.3.Technology has had tremendous impacts on every aspect of modern life.93aThe second sentence1.But some people argue that it has also made peoples lives more complex,citing reasons fr

36、om traffic jams to air pollution.2.However,people are having conflicting opinions about whether it has made peoples lives more complex or not.3.But considering traffic jams and air pollution,has technology made our lives more complex?94aThe third sentence1.（I disagree.）I believe technology has made

37、peoples lives more convenient.2.I believe technology has made our lives more convenient.3.The answer is no.I believe technology has made our lives more convenient.95a用引语的用引语的3 3个不允许之个不允许之1 1 不允许现场翻译中文名人名言典不允许现场翻译中文名人名言典籍籍 例：知之为知之，不知为不知例：知之为知之，不知为不知96a Know is know,no know is no know.Be certain about

38、 what you know and never pretend to know that you dont.97a用引语的用引语的3 3个不允许之个不允许之2 2 不允许引用中式流行语不允许引用中式流行语 Life is geilivable!98a用引语的3个不允许之3不允许打肿脸愣充名人。孔子曰：孔子又曰：99a文章开头之定义法文章开头之定义法 给题目中某个概念下定义，围给题目中某个概念下定义，围绕你下的定义进行讨论，即定绕你下的定义进行讨论，即定义讨论的前提；义讨论的前提；优点：适当创新，突出个性；优点：适当创新，突出个性；缺点：定义偏差大，人们不能缺点：定义偏差大，人们不能接受；很多

39、题目不适合下定义。接受；很多题目不适合下定义。100a分论点一定要互斥分论点一定要互斥！101a我喜欢我的数学老师。我喜欢我的数学老师。分分论点论点1 1 我喜欢她，因为她漂亮又有才我喜欢她，因为她漂亮又有才分论点分论点2 2 我喜欢她，因为她有双美丽我喜欢她，因为她有双美丽的的 大大眼睛眼睛 分论点分论点3 3 我喜欢她，因为她博古通今我喜欢她，因为她博古通今，写写得一手好词。得一手好词。102a我喜欢我的数学老师我喜欢我的数学老师 分分论点论点1 1 我喜欢她，因为她漂亮。我喜欢她，因为她漂亮。分论点分论点2 2 我喜欢她，因为她有才华。我喜欢她，因为她有才华。分论点分论点3 3 我喜欢她

40、，因为她人生经历我喜欢她，因为她人生经历独特且丰富。独特且丰富。103a分论点不能太具体分论点不能太具体104a分论点分论点1 1：我喜欢我数学老师的大眼睛：我喜欢我数学老师的大眼睛分论点分论点2 2：我喜欢我数学老师的高鼻梁：我喜欢我数学老师的高鼻梁分论点分论点3 3：我喜欢我数学老师的红嘴唇：我喜欢我数学老师的红嘴唇105a 中间段落三原则中间段落三原则中间段落个人中间段落个人化化中间段落中间段落精耕细作精耕细作中间段落紧扣中间段落紧扣主题主题106a重述语义的技巧重述语义的技巧1.1.同义词替换同义词替换2.2.同根词替换同根词替换3.3.使用短语进行替换使用短语进行替换4.4.全新表达

41、法全新表达法107a第四章第四章 观点选择观点选择108a 绝对观点绝对观点 别名：别名：一边倒观点一边倒观点 定义：定义：不承认任何反面内容，不承认任何反面内容，不承认例外不承认例外 常用常用表达表达：absolutely,absolutely,totallytotally109a 让步观点让步观点 别名别名：欲扬先抑欲扬先抑，以退为进，以退为进，欲擒故纵欲擒故纵 定义定义：承认承认反面反面内容内容，但加以，但加以反驳反驳 常用常用表达表达：Although,though,Although,though,despite,admittedly,despite,admittedly,grante

42、d,I concede thatgranted,I concede that110a让步观点的好处让步观点的好处 避免了写支持面第三个观点，转避免了写支持面第三个观点，转而写不利于支持方的一个理由；而写不利于支持方的一个理由；显得考虑问题比较周全；显得考虑问题比较周全；对方比较容易接受。对方比较容易接受。111a让步的诀窍让步的诀窍中间中间3 3段段：支持支持方方2 2个优点详细个优点详细写写反对反对方方1-21-2个优点简略个优点简略写写112a admittedly downsides as long as students arrange their time properly desp

43、ite some potential problems113a admittedly have one or two downsides as long as people avoid dangerous activities or take more care although they might have some drawbacks114a次要次要方面方面：Admittedly,however,on balance,seems to be minor/secondary.解决解决措施措施 Admittedly,however,as long as,the problems will b

44、e solved/there will not be much to be worried about.可以可以转化转化 Admittedly,however,if viewed from a different perspective,it also means115a让步段要避免让步段要避免“杯具杯具”让步段同样要对让步内容进行展让步段同样要对让步内容进行展开；开；让步段内容展开要适度，每个让让步段内容展开要适度，每个让步观点展开比重不宜超过支持段；步观点展开比重不宜超过支持段；让步段结尾要对让步内容进行削让步段结尾要对让步内容进行削弱和反驳。弱和反驳。116a 例外例外的的观点观点 别名

45、：别名：折中观点折中观点 定义：定义：承认存在例外，在例外中观承认存在例外，在例外中观点不成立点不成立 常用表达常用表达：basically,generally basically,generally speaking,in most cases,under speaking,in most cases,under most circumstances,for most most circumstances,for most peoplepeople117a it is worth noting/lets not forget that exceptions do exist an incom

46、ing test their assignments academic performances physical health Basically Generally speaking118a Nevertheless,lets not forget that exceptions do exist.danger or risk the weather is horrible Basically Generally speaking119a create heavy financial burden on the government can make changes to the budg

47、et exceptions is privately funded public schools I agree.Governments should pay the whole costs to college education although it might create some problems.Basically,I agree.Generally speaking,governments should pay the whole costs.120a分情况讨论分情况讨论 别名：别名：具体问题具体分析具体问题具体分析 定义：定义：不同情况给出不同观点不同情况给出不同观点 常用常

48、用表达：表达：whether,depends whether,depends onon121a depends on the type of the public transportation.airplanes buses or trains122a人称的使用人称的使用 尽量使用复数形式的第三人称，尽量使用复数形式的第三人称，避免犯第三人称单数错误；避免犯第三人称单数错误；不要使用第二人称。不要使用第二人称。123a托福写作题型分类托福写作题型分类按提问方式按提问方式分类分类比较对比较对比类比类观点选观点选择类择类自主定自主定义类义类124a 比较对比比较对比类类：给给出两个观点，出两个观点

49、，或者一个观点的两个方面，要或者一个观点的两个方面，要求进行比较求进行比较论述，论述，并给出个人并给出个人观点。观点。125a比较对比类比较对比类 例例1：it has been said,“Not everything that is learned is contained in books.”COMPARE and CONTRAST knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books.In your opinion,which source is more important?Why?126a 2.A com

50、pany has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near your community.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on your community.Do you support or oppose the factory?Explain your position.127a例例3.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Parents are the bes