（通用版）2023年中考英语常考必背语法知识点梳理汇编.docx

1、【通用版】2023年中考英语常考必背语法知识点梳理汇编常考字母组合发音口诀：/e/与/ /字母a，大口 / /；字母e，小口 /e/；Many，any特殊记；ea组合看前面。（如bread，ea组合与字母e发音保持一致/e/）注意say 和 said 的发音。says中ay 的发音为/ei/，said中ai 的发音均为/e/A crowd gathered outside the hotel. Which of the following is corrected for the underlined word in the sentence? （2015一模杨A) /ga:d/ ) /gd/

2、 C) /geid/ D) /ged/不定冠词a u(b, c)an f (h, l, m, n, r, s, x, a, e, I, o)a universityan unclea housean honest boya European cityan empty rooma one-yuan stampan 8-year-old boy定冠词the sunthe pianothe tallest boythe first daythe poorthe Great Wallthe girl in redthe high jump零冠词basketballsupperTom, monitor

3、of Class Threeat schoolnext weekmy other hand注意区分Lesson Onethe First lessonby buson a busin redin a red coatat nightin the nighthave lunchhave a rich lunchin spacein the skyNinth Streetthe ninth month数词常考数词变化规则：1. 第九去e（nine-ninth），四十无忧（u）（forty）2. one，two还可变成once和twice3. 十二，二十要看清（twelve-twelfth， twe

4、nty-twentieth，in ones twenties）4. 还要注意大小写two hundred studentstwo hundred of the studentshundreds of studentsone-third of the studenttwo-thirds of the studentsone hour and a halfone and a half hoursa ten-year-old boythe boy is ten years oldhe is over fifty years oldhe is in his fiftiesits ten minutes

5、 walkits a ten-minute walk名词易错名词变化规则：1. 以o结尾的名词变复数：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿，真有意思（es）。negroes；heroes；potatoes；tomatoes。2. 加or：导演挑演员，扮演发明家和参观者。director；actor；inventor；visitor.furniture, fun, music, advice, weather, information, news, equipment, work 是不可数名词。trousers, glasses, jeans, pants, shoes, socks 后接复数动词；但以上这

6、名词前如用了a pair of， 后面动词的单复数则取决于pair这一单词本身在句中的单复数形式。an old friend of my fathersthe Browns housethe teachers officethe teachers deskthe students librarythe Childrens Palacetwo girl/boy studenttwo women /men teacherstwo German teachers以“man”结尾，加“S”构成复数的词German, Roman, human , discman, walkman可数名词和不可数名词jo

7、bworksuggestionadvicenewspapernewscoinmoney以“or”和“er”结尾的单词orervisitorplayerprofessorwriterinventorwaiteractorleaderconductorsingertranslatordancer不定代词reporteronethe otheroneanothersomethe otherssomethe othersthe rest (of books/people)aresomething elsesomething/anything importantboth of them are here

8、neither of them is hereeither of them is hereall of them are herenone of them are here比较both sides of the road 路的两边either side of the road 路的两边all sides of the square 广场的四周every /each/side of the square 广场的每一边there are some sheep in the fieldsthere is something strange in the skywould you lend me so

9、me money?shall we have some fish instead of chicken?will you get us something to drink?if you have any questions , please let me knowany students can join the singing groupanyone can work out the problemTom is taller than any boy in his classMary is taller than any other girl in her classJack is tal

10、ler than anyone else in his classlittle和few的用法1.一般情况下，“little用于修饰不可数名词，few用于修饰可数名词2.quite/only/just+ a little/a fewso/very/too+ little/few形容词/副词1.初中考纲中共有7个形容词和副词拼写同形early, fast, hard, high, late, straight, likely2.初中考纲中共有5个ly结尾的形容词friendly, lovely, silly, lonely, likely3.alive是形容词，只能作表语，所以不能放在名词前；li

11、ving也是形容词，一般用于名词前，如living things=things alive易错形容词副词变化规则：1. 形容词变比较级（饿死麻烦）：even，still，much，far修饰比较级。2. 兼类词shelf，形副同形straight；hard；early；late；fast60.Animals can bring us happiness, comfort and even _. (safe)57. If people still dont care enough for the environment, the air will become much _. (bad)she

12、is a beautiful dancerthe dancer is beautifulshe dances beautifullyhe found the room emptythe result was really surprisingluckily she won the first prize原级so good too badvery cleverquite importantrather difficultold enoughas often as not as/so easy as比较级bigger thanmuch betterfar more usefuleven earli

13、erstill greatera little longerbetter and betterthe earlier.the better.常修饰比较级的词even, still, much, far, a bit, a little, a lot最高级the fastest in our classthe tallest of the classthe second longest riverone of the longest riversamong the best thing注意区分quicklysoongoodwellalivelivingfarlonghardhardly形容词副词

14、同形aheadaheadearlyearlyfastfasthardhardhighhighlatelatefun的三种句型it is great fun to dowhat great fun it ishow funny系动词+adjsound beautifulkeep warmlook angrylook angrily at sthfeel softseem strangetaste delicioussmell goodbecome usefulfail illget angrystay awaketurn redgrow darkcome truego wrong注意：a. he

15、 looked happily at his son b. he looked happy一般现在时句子结构：肯定句主动语态：主语+动词原形被动语态：主语+am/is/are+过去分词否定句：主语+dont+动词原形疑问句：will+主语+动词原形关键词：tonight, tomorrow, this evening, next year等注：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来时一般将来时句子结构：肯定句主动语态：主语+动词过去式被动语态：主语+was/were+过去分词否定句：主语+didnt+动词原形关键词：just now, this morning, yesterd

16、ay, last year等现在完成时句子结构：肯定句主动语态：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词被动语态：主语+have/has+ been+动词的过去分词否定句：主语+have/has not+动词的过去分词疑问句：Have/has+主语+动词的过去分词will+主语+动词原形关键词：tonight ,tomorrow, this evening, next year等一般过去时句子结构：肯定句主动语态：主语+动词过去式被动语态：主语+was/were+过去分词否定句：主语+didnt+动词原形疑问句：did+主语+动词原形关键词：just now, this morning, yes

17、terday, last year等现在完成时句子结构：肯定句主动语态：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词被动语态：主语+have/has +been+动词的过去分词否定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词疑问句：have/has+主语+动词的过去分词关键词：already, yet, just, ever, never, up till now，so far, in recent years 等现在进行时句子结构：肯定句：主语+am/is/are+动词的现在分词否定句：主语+am/is/are not+动词的现在分词疑问句：am/is/are+动词的现在分词+其他关键词：now,r

18、ight now,at the moment,等过去进行时句子结构：主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他肯定句：主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他否定句：主语+was/were not+动词的现在分词+其他疑问句：was/were+动词的现在分词+其他关键词：具体时间+过去的时间状语，如：at 10 oclock过去将来时句子结构：肯定句：主语+would+动词原形+其他否定句：主语+would not +动词原形+其他疑问句：would+主语+动词原形+其他过去完成时句子结构：肯定句：主语+had+动词的过去分词+其他否定句：主语+had not+动词的过去分词+其他关键词

19、：by+过去的某一时间点，如by last year,by the end of等By the time I did my homework, my father had cleaned the room.注意以下动词的用法make sb do/powerful/president=sb be made to do/powerful/presidentfind the man deadkeep the room cleanleave the room cleanget everything readyset the man freehave gone to Beijinghave been t

20、o Beijing some timeshave been in Beijing for some timehave been there for two daysraise your handsraise the temperaturethe temperature risesthe river rose two feetthe sun rises in the easthe rose early to do some readingtake part in the group singingjoin in the singing groupjoin the singing groupatt

21、end the meetinggo in for the long jumpput up a pictureput on a playput off a meetingput out a firetake up Englishtake down a mappull down a housereach the picture on the wallreach the townarrive at schoolarrive in Shanghaiget to townreach/get/arrive homesb spends time in doing sthsb spends time on s

22、thit takes sb time to do sthsb pays money for sthsb spends money on sthsb buys sth for moneysth costs moneyit costs sb money to do sthhow much is=how much doescostput on a pair of glasseswear a red T-shirthave a coat ondress sb in a red coatbe dressed in a red coat=wear a red coatlook for a book in

23、the roomfind a mistakefind out who broke the windowdiscover a new starinvent the first watchlisten to the reporthear the news look at the blackboardsee a UFOread a card/mapwatch a mathvisit/call on a friend bring the book when you come heretake the book when you go therefetch some watercarry fifty p

24、assengerscarry much watersay somethingsay it/this/thatsay a word/a few wordssay good morning to sbsay(to sb)thatwhat did you say at the meetingtell the time/the way/the differencetell a story/the truth/the newstell sb about the book/his work/lifetell sb to do sthtall sb thattalk about sthspeak Engli

25、shspeak at the meetingspeak to sb about sthare you going to speak at the meetingwhat are you going to say at the meetingI will have to find a room to live inhe runs too fast for anyone to keep up withused to do sthbe used to do sthbe used to doing sth情态动词may I watch TVno, you mustnt/may notmust I do

26、 the workno, you needntmust bemay becant be注意need的用法needs sthneeds to dodont need to doneednt do在以下动词后要用doingfinish，enjoy,mind,keep,do some.在以下动词后要用to dowould like, want, begin,start,hope,decide介词时间at eight, at present,at the moment地点at home, at school,at the airport时间in the morning, in spring,in th

27、e late afternoonin a minute, in the futurein no time, in ones fifties地点in the factory,in the city,in the forestin the world, in space时间on Friday, on weekdays on time地点on the farm, on the right, on the wallon ones side,on ones way其他over the head above the headbetween the two, along the river注意区分besid

28、es除以外。此外（加法）except除以外，此外（减法）besides Tom,Jack also went fishingexcept Tom,we all went fishingin addition 另外，此外还不用介词this evening that morningthese days all days one morningone day last week next Tuesday注意以下介词的用法time for, money for, ticket for, wish forambition for, postage for, visit toway to, entranc

29、e to, key to, answer to感叹词what a clever boy he is=hoe clever the boy iswhat nice weather it is=how nice the weather iswhat beautiful flowers=how beautiful the flower arewhat important information it iswhat interesting news it iswhat useful advice he gave uswhat good work he has donewhat great fun it

30、 is to fly a kite herewhat an interesting news report it iswhat a great help it is to know Englishwhat a quick lunch he has hadwhat a happy life we are livingwhat a heavy rain we had last night反意疑问句there is little time left,is thereshe rarely/seldom/never does it,does shelets go home,shall welet us

31、go home, will youplease go and buy me a pencil, will youI dont think he will come, will heshe doesnt think he will come,does hehe failed/disliked /disagreeddidnt hehe is told not toisnt hehe is unhappy ,isnt he宾语从句would you please tell me if he will come tonightI wonder if/whether it will rain tomor

32、rowwhats the matter?whats wrong?whats your troublewhats your name?be not sure=if/whether状语从句we will hold a meeting when Mr Lee comes backhe will phone us if he comes tomorrowwe shall go on with the game if the rain stops划线提问twenty minuteswalk how fartwenty miles an hour how fastin twenty minutes how

33、 soonfor twenty minutes how longsince 1998 how long/since/whenuntil 9 oclock how long/until whenat 8 oclock what timeduring summer holidays whenonce a week how oftenEnglish what languageto do why/whatfor保持句意不变didnt until=did when/didafterwork harder, and you will make much progressget up now, or you

34、 will miss the early busif you dont get up now,you will miss the early busunless you get up now,you will miss the early busthere are many trees on either side of the squarethere are many trees on both sides of the streetthere are many trees on all sides of the squareyou must stay until your mother c

35、omes backyou cant leave until your mother comes backasked when he would leave for the city by bikeasked when to cycle to the cityasked when he would go to the city by bikego to school on foot=walk to schoolgo to school by bus=take a bus to school=leave for school by busgo home by bike=ride a bike ho

36、mego to the factory in a hurry=hurry to the factorydo me a favor=give me a hand go to Shanghai by plane=fly to/take a plane to Shanghaihave a word with sb=talk to sbbe proud of =take pride ingo/walk across=crossbe located in=lie in=stand inask sb to do=have sb do=have sth donespend ones holiday in=g

37、o tofor ones holiday瞬间动词与状态性动词的转换the film began ten minutes ago= the film has been on for ten minuteshe joined the army twoyears ago=he has been in the army for two yearsshe became a teacher three years ago=she has been a teacherfor three yearshe borrowed a book a week ago=he has kept the book for a

38、 weekhe died two days ago=he has been dead for two dayshe left Shanghai last year=he has been away from Shanghai for a year表示提建议的五种方式why not dowhy dont you dowhat about doinghow about doingyoud better do主谓一致问题1.谓语动词要用复数的词people,the police,the+adj.bothand2.谓语动词要用单数的词时间和金钱数量做主语a. three days is too sho

39、rt for me to finish the jobb. three days have passed since he died in the accident3.就近原则either or,neithernor, not onlybut also,there be4.舍近求远原则as well as ,together with,along with,but, except,with5.分数及其他部分词做代词时，单复数根据指代的名词决定three-fourths of the earth is made up water,and the rest is land注意区分a. the/a

40、singer and dancer isb. the /a singer and the /a dancer isc. the number ofisd. a number of are语言功能 有 me 无 meWould you like to do?Yes, I d love to. Id love to, but 提供吃喝的Would you like /me to bring ?Yes, please. /No, thanks.提供帮助的Would you like me to do?Thats kind of you.-Would you like me to bring you

41、some iced juice?-_A) Of course not. B) Its my pleasure. C) Yes, Id like to. D) Yes, please.1. The case is very heavy, Miss Wu. Would you like me to carry it for you? _. A) With pleasure.B) No, you neednt. C) Yes, Id love to.D) Its very kind of you.2. - Would you like me to bring you a cup of coffee?

42、 - _ . A) Yes, Id like to. B) Its a pleasure. C) Yes, please D) It doesnt matter.3. A: Would you like to join us in the picnic? B: _. A) Not at all. B) I dont think so. C) Id like to, but I cant. D) Its very kind of you. With pleasure 与 My pleasure的区别未帮助：With pleasure (未帮忙用with)道谢时：My pleasure = Its

43、 a pleasure (别人对你道谢时)Thank you for coming to see me off._A) Im fine. B) My duty. C) Nice to see you off.D) My pleasure.Will you help me with the luggage? Its too heavy._. A) With pleasure. B) Never mind. C) Not at all.D) Thats right.功能句A：Whats the date todayB:Its May 17,1998C: What day is todayD: Its MondayA: Would you like an appleB:Yes please/thank you/no, thanksA:Would you like me to help youB：Yes please/yes, thank youA：Wouldyou like to go to me birthdayB: Id like toA:Would /can/could you help meB:All right/certainly/sure/yes,of