2020年江苏中考英语阅读类题型专题03 任务型阅读专项突破-2020年江苏中考英语阅读类题型专项突破（解析版）.doc

1、 任务型阅读任务型阅读专项突破专项突破 知识点知识点 1 任务型阅读概况任务型阅读概况 综观近年全国各地的中考试题，“任务型阅读”考查的题型主要有：阅读简答题、阅读填表题，总体上看，它 由两部分构成：短文和阅读任务。 知识点知识点 2 阅读填表式任务型阅读的题型分类阅读填表式任务型阅读的题型分类 1. 信息查找，直接获取答案型信息查找，直接获取答案型 解题思路：此类题属于细节题，可以直接在原文中能够找到，问题的题干与原文大致相同，所以所需要的 词不需要变换形式，可以直接从文中进行摘抄。 例题例题 例例 1： 原文：Some psychologists (心理学家) think that you

2、r taste in music is related to (有联系的) your personality. 题目：Your in music is related to your personality. 【解析】【解析】：对比空格前后和原文一致，可以知道此题为细节题，直接找到：对比空格前后和原文一致，可以知道此题为细节题，直接找到 taste. 【答案】【答案】：taste 例例 2： 原文：Music tells us who we are. Music reflects the creators thinking and values, as well as the social e

3、nvironment it came from. 题目：Music not only reflects the social environment it came from but also expresses peoples thinking and _ 【解析】【解析】：对比空格前后，虽然题干与原文不完全相同，但：对比空格前后，虽然题干与原文不完全相同，但 and 前连接的词与原文一致，没有任何改变，前连接的词与原文一致，没有任何改变， 可以知道此题为细节题，直接找到可以知道此题为细节题，直接找到 values. 【答案】【答案】：values 例例 3： 原文：Be active an

4、d have a positive attitude (积极的态度) towards life. Develop confidence in yourself. 题目：Have an and positive attitude towards life and develop confidence in yourself. 【解析】【解析】：依旧找到：依旧找到 and 连接词，后一个为连接词，后一个为 positive，可知需要在原文中找到与，可知需要在原文中找到与 positive 位置和作用等同的位置和作用等同的 词，原文为词，原文为 be active and have a positi

5、ve 可以知道是可以知道是 active. 【答案】【答案】：active 例例 4： 原文： Rewrite your notes to make them more complete and accurate(准确的) by changing abbreviations into whole words, symbols into words, and shortened sentences into longer sentences. Use them to answer your questions. If necessary, ask your teacher for help. 题

6、目：Make your notes more complete and accurate to your questions. 【解析】【解析】 ： 原文列举了很多例子去讲解， 所以中间的长段可以去掉， 直接看到后一句： 原文列举了很多例子去讲解， 所以中间的长段可以去掉， 直接看到后一句： use them to answer the questions 提出目的，所以可以找到动词提出目的，所以可以找到动词 answer. 【答案】【答案】：answer 例例 5： 原文：If students earn passing grades in the class and also pass t

7、heir state drivers exam, they can begin driving themselves to school. 题目：They can themselves to school when they are over 16 and have passed the required tests. 【解析】【解析】 ：找到原文：找到原文 they can begin driving 而重要的动作其实是而重要的动作其实是 drive, 而不在于而不在于 begin, 由于结构的变化，由于结构的变化， 此处需要将此处需要将 driving 变变为原形。为原形。 【答案】【答案

8、】 ：drive 例例 6： 原文：Sometimes we work with the best of motives(动机) only to be disappointed by the result. 题目：Remembering your motives, not your 【解析】【解析】 ：考查学生对信息的归纳能力，原文中对比：考查学生对信息的归纳能力，原文中对比 motive 和和 result 之间关系。之间关系。 【答案】【答案】 ：result 2. 信息转换，间接获取信息转换，间接获取【答案】【答案】型型 此类题在实际做题环节时应注意根据问题查找定位信息， 但这些信息仅为

9、线索或某种提示并非最终 【答案】 ， 一定记得加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式，方为正确【答案】。 常见的转换方常见的转换方式：式： 1)词性转换词性转换 名词、动词、形容词、副词等词类间的转化； 在初中范围内，常见的词性转换为： A）名词变为形容词：）名词变为形容词： 加 y: 直接加 y: health-healthy; frost-frosty; rain-rainy; difficultdifficulty; 双写为字母加 y: sun-sunny; fog-foggy; 去 e 加 y: noise-noisy 加 ful 或者 less: hope-hopeful/hopeless;

10、 meaning-meaningful/meaningless; wonder-wonderful; cheer-cheerful; colour-colouful; cheer-cheerful; success-successful; end-endless; B）形容词变为副词：）形容词变为副词： 直接加 ly: careful-carefully; beautiful-beautifully; bad-badly; excited-excitedly; 以 y 结尾将 y 变为 ily: angry-angrily; heavy-heavily; noisy-noisily; happ

11、y-happily; 以 le 结尾将 le 变为 ly: comfortable-comfortably; possible-possibly; simple-simply; 去 e 加 ly: true-truly. 来源:163文库 ZXXK C）动词）动词/形容词变为名词：形容词变为名词： 加 ment: agreeagreement; treat-treatment; advertise-advertisement; punish-punishment; improve-improvement; develop-development; 加 ion: collect-collecti

12、on; donate-donation; educate-education; organize-organization; invent-invention; 加 ness: rich-richness; kind-kindness; ill-illness; ugly-ugliness; sick-sickness;sad-sadness 批注：此处需要注意，有一些以批注：此处需要注意，有一些以 e 结尾的单词，加上结尾的单词，加上 ion 时需要去掉时需要去掉 e 加加 ion; 以以 y 结尾的单词加上结尾的单词加上 ness 时时 需要去需要去 y 为为 i 再加再加 ness. D

13、）动词变为形容词：）动词变为形容词： 加 ed/ ing: surprise- surprising/ surprised; excite-exciting/ excited; tire-tiring/ tired; please-pleasing(pleasant)/ pleased; 例题例题 例例 1： 原文：Dont wave your hands to the waiters. Englishmen think guests should do something to make the waiters pay attention to them. But in France som

14、e bread and water will come first, then the waiters will take your order according to the rhythm(节奏) of the restaurant. Have enough patience(耐心)! 题目：Englishmen cant be _ enough for meals while Frenchmen can. 【解析】【解析】 ：找到原文：找到原文 enough 的位置，可知此题考查的本质其实是的位置，可知此题考查的本质其实是 enough 的用法：形容名副后，所以此题需的用法：形容名副后，

15、所以此题需 要将要将 patience 变为其形容词形式。变为其形容词形式。 【答案】【答案】 ：patient 例例 2： 原文：Most teens dont know what their moms favorite is. You do? Then, what are you waiting for? Buy her something she likes and wrap it carefully. The best time to give her that is while she is sleeping at night. Put it on the drawer next t

16、o her so that when she wakes up shell be surprised to see it. 题目：Put it on a drawer next to her to give her a _. 【解析】【解析】 ： 对比原文， 找到不同点即： 对比原文， 找到不同点即 so that when she wakes up shell be surprised to see it.表示目的的形式已表示目的的形式已 经转换为经转换为 to do 的结构，主要是将后面的句子变换，可以想到的结构，主要是将后面的句子变换，可以想到 surprise 的词组：的词组：give

17、 sb. a surprise= surprise sb.= sb. be surpried 【答案】【答案】 ：surprise 例例 3： 原文：As long as you have studied well, you will be more confident of your chance to succeed in a test. 题目：Your confidence could lead to your in the test. 【解析】【解析】 ：很明显，原文是：很明显，原文是“信心增加成功的可能性信心增加成功的可能性”，而题目中置于物主代词之后，所以要用名词形式，而题目中置于

18、物主代词之后，所以要用名词形式， succeed 为动词，名词为为动词，名词为 success 【答案】【答案】 ：success 例例 4： 原文：Self-respect is a very important part of a great life. 题目：Keeping a sense of self-respect is of great to a great life. 【解析】【解析】 ：此处置于冠词后需要加名词，进行：此处置于冠词后需要加名词，进行 important 和和 importance 的转换。的转换。 【答案】【答案】 ：importance 例例 5： 原文：I

19、f we look for good qualities in other people, it is easier to remember the good qualities in ourselves. 题目：Look for the good qualities in other people and we can remember ours more . 【解析】【解析】 ：结合语法句法知识，：结合语法句法知识，its easier to do sth.=do sth. more easily。 【答案】【答案】 ：easily 例例 6： 原文：Why do we need slee

20、p? Nobody has yet can give a correct answer to this question. However, tests have shown that lack(缺少) of sleep over about four weeks leads to a strong drop in body temperature, great weight loss and finally, sickness. 题目：Why do we need sleep? Nobody can answer the question _. 【解析【解析】 ：仔细阅读原文，可得原文信息词

21、：仔细阅读原文，可得原文信息词 Nobody has yet can give a correct answer to this question. 经过分析语法及句法，然后结合问题，得出正确经过分析语法及句法，然后结合问题，得出正确【答案】【答案】 。 【答案】【答案】 ：correctly 2)词意转换词意转换 词汇转换包括同义词、反义词等功能替代型转换； 初中范围内（牛津教材）出现的： A) 在单词前加上否定前缀构成在单词前加上否定前缀构成形容词形容词的反义词：的反义词： 一般情况下，在形容词前加 un: e.g.: necessary-unnecessary; welcome-unwe

22、lcome; comfortable-uncomfortable; 几种特殊情况，需要再形容词前加 in; ir; im; dis 等： e.g.: 加 in-: active-inactive; correct-incorrect; 加 ir-: regular-irregular; 加 im-: possible-impossible; patient-impatient; polite-impolite; 加 dis-: honest-dishonest; B) 常见的反义词：常见的反义词： cheap-expensive; long-short; same-different; hot

23、-cold; happy-sad; fast-slow; easy-difficult; generous-selfish; modest-proud; strong-weak; hardworking-lazy; clever-silly; remember-forget. C) 常见的同义词：常见的同义词： happiness=joy; strong= powerful; sad= unhappy; afraid= worried; energetic= lively; calm= relaxed; influence= affect; know= realize; need= requi

24、re; hope= wish 例题例题 例例 1： 原文：Get you ready to understand new information your teacher will provide. 题目： to understand new information. 【解【解析】析】 ： 对比原文与题目， 可知此需要找到一个词， 意思相当于： 对比原文与题目， 可知此需要找到一个词， 意思相当于 get ready （准备好（准备好） , 可以想到是可以想到是 prepare， 同时同时 prepare 满足，满足，prepare to do sth 【答案】【答案】 ：Prepare 例例

25、 2： 原文： It is said that you wont want to visit any other mountain after seeing wu yue(五岳) but you wont wish to see even wu yue after you come back from it. 题目：It is said that you wont to visit any other mountain after seeing wu yue but you wont wish to see even wu yue after from it. 【解析】【解析】 ：找到原文的：

26、找到原文的 after，原文为，原文为 come back 而题干只有一个，想到而题干只有一个，想到 come after 返回返回= return，但此时主，但此时主 语也被省略掉，直接放在介词语也被省略掉，直接放在介词 after 之后，所以需要变换之后，所以需要变换 return 的形式。的形式。 【答案】【答案】 ：returning 例例 3： 原文：Be sure to remember the following safety tips. 题目：Dont _ the safety tips if you find yourself in the path of a hurrica

27、ne. 【解析】【解析】 ：主要考查：主要考查 remember 的反义词形式。的反义词形式。 【答案】【答案】 ：forget 例例 4： 原文：If your mind is full of problems in the past, you will always feel ashamed and sad. 题目：Dont let your mind filled the mistakes in the past 【解析】【解析】 ：考查：考查 be full of 的同义词的同义词 be filled with 【答案】【答案】 ： with 例例 5： 原文：It isnt righ

28、t to feel better by putting others down. 题目：It is to feel better by putting others down. 【解析】【解析】 ：考察：考察 not right 的同义词的同义词=wrong 【答案】【答案】 ：wrong 3)句子结构转换句子结构转换 语法匹配 (to, -ing, -ed, 主被动语态的转换)、连词、介词的运用、固定句型、同义句等都属于句子结构转换 的内容。 例题：例题： 例例 1： 原文：In classroom, your teachers will talk about topics that you

29、 are studying. The information they provide will be important for you to know when you take tests. So you must be able to take good written notes from what your teachers say. 题目：The information that is by the teachers about studying topics is useful for your tests, so it is necessary for you to lear

30、n take good notes. 【解析】解析】 ：原文的：原文的 the information they provide 是一个省略是一个省略 that 的定语从句，变为问题时，定语从句中的主的定语从句，变为问题时，定语从句中的主 语被偷换掉了，所以相应的动作和主语之间的关系也由主动变为了被动，动词形式需要变化语被偷换掉了，所以相应的动作和主语之间的关系也由主动变为了被动，动词形式需要变化 【答案】【答案】 ：provided 例例 2： 原文：Englishmen think guests should do something to make the waiters pay att

31、ention to them. 题目：Do something to attract the attention 【解析】【解析】 ：原文：原文 make the waiters pay attention to them“使得侍者们能够注意到他们使得侍者们能够注意到他们”换为主动的换为主动的“吸引注意吸引注意” 而这个注意力应该是侍者所给予的。而这个注意力应该是侍者所给予的。 【答案】【答案】 ：waiters 例例 3： 原文：Students must spend a lot of time learning another langu age. 题目：It Chinese studen

32、ts too much time to learn a foreign language. 【解析】【解析】 ：考察同义句型：考察同义句型：sb. spend some time doing= it takes sb. some time to do 【答案】【答案】 ：takes 3. 信息归纳题，综合概括获信息归纳题，综合概括获【答案】【答案】 根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。归纳词的特征包括：概括性（在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息)、针对 性（量体裁衣，大小适度)、醒目性（简洁）。 常见概括性词汇有以下几类，需要学生掌握： 原因：原因：cause(s) / reason(s) 结果结果/结

33、论：结论： result(s) / /conclusion(s) 目目的：的：purpose/ aim 建议提示：建议提示： advice / suggestion(s) / tip(s) 问题：问题：problem(s) /trouble 方式方法：方式方法：method(s) /means/ way(s) / manner/ solution(s) 措施行动：措施行动：measure/action 特性，特点：特性，特点：characteristics/ feature 好处好处/坏处：坏处：advantage(s)/ disadvantage(s) 主题：主题：theme(s) / to

34、pic(s) / subject(s) 数字数字/数数据：据：data/ figure(s) 种类：种类：type(s) / kind(s) / 形势形势/情形：情形： situation(s) / condition(s)/ case(s) 重要性重要性/意义：意义：importance(s) / meaning(s) 例题：例题： 例例 1： 原文：There are many things you can do to improve the quality of your sleep. First, you should have regular sleep habits. Try to

35、 go to bed and wake up around the same time each day. You also need to make your bedroom a cool, dark, quiet place to sleep so that heat, light and noise do not disturb you. At night, you should also avoid things that contain caffeine, such as chocolate, coffee, tea and many soft drinks, as caffeine

36、 may keep you from sleeping. 题目：The title: to improve sleep quality: Have regular sleep habits Make your bedroom cool, dark and quiet Dont drink anything with caffeine at bedtime 【解析】【解析】 ：总结概括题：总结概括题 【答案】【答案】 ：Ways/Methods/ Measures/Steps/How 例例 2： 原文：Nowadays in school life，a lot of students devel

37、op a fear of tests. Its not because tests are something to be afraid of. Most students are afraid of tests mainly because they dont have enough self-confidence and they dont always think they are well prepared. If you follow the tips below, its not difficult to overcome(克服)your fear of tests. 题目：Tit

38、le: to overcome your fear of tests 【答案】【答案】 ：How/Ways 来源来源:163文库163文库 例例 3： 题目：Statistics (统计) about school kids not having breakfast Reasons-They stay up late at night to study and want to stay in bed for a few more minutes. _ -They cant listen carefully in class. They feel sleepy all day. Suggesti

39、ons-The morning meal is necessary, for it provides much energy. 【解析】【解析】 ：仔细阅读上下文，通过上下文语意、逻辑关系：仔细阅读上下文，通过上下文语意、逻辑关系可得到正确可得到正确【答案】【答案】 。 【答案】【答案】 ： Results 例例 4： 原文：Music provides a kind of ability to know the world in a different way. Science explains how the sun rises and sets. Music explores the e

40、motive meanings. We need every possible way to discover and response to our world because no one way can get it all. 题目：A way to know the world: We cant discover and respond to our world in just one way. Science explains how nature _. 【答案】【答案】 ：works 例例 5： 原文：Music is a form of thought, as powerful

41、as science. It is a way we human beings “talk” to each other. Through the language we express our feelings, our discoveries, our ideas, our imagination and our hopes so that they can be shared with others. When we do not let our children receive good music education, we take away from them the meani

42、ngs that music expresses. Science does not tell us what it means to be human. Music does. 题目：Music, from science, tells us what it means to be human. 【解析】【解析】 ：考查学生的总结概括以及固定搭配，文章倒数第二段最后一句主要讲科学和音乐的差异，要表示：考查学生的总结概括以及固定搭配，文章倒数第二段最后一句主要讲科学和音乐的差异，要表示 差异不同的意思，又因为题中有差异不同的意思，又因为题中有 from，所以我们想到用，所以我们想到用 diff

43、erent 【答案】【答案】 ：different 近三年九年级上期末任务型汇编近三年九年级上期末任务型汇编 年份年份/区域区域 主题主题 文章类型文章类型 2017-2018 玄武玄武 A new invention- the Plant Lamp 科技说明文科技说明文 2017-2018 鼓楼鼓楼 Negative Thoughts 议论文议论文 2016-2017 玄武玄武 How to develop respect for yourself 议论文议论文 2016-2017 鼓楼鼓楼 A Fathers Letter to his Child 信件信件 2015-2016 玄武玄武

44、The World is Getting Smaller 议论文议论文 2015-2016 鼓楼鼓楼 KobeOne of the Best Basketball Players 人物传记人物传记 【2017-2018 学年南京市玄武区九年级上学期期末】 Getting electricity has always been a problem for the 173 people living in Nuevo Saposoa, a small village in Peru, South America. However, things went worse in March 2017 a

45、fter heavy rains destroyed the only power cables in the area. The villagers were forced to use oil lamps, which are not only expensive but also dangerous because of the harmful gases they produce. Luckily, researchers at the University of Technology (UT) in Lima, Peru heard about their problem and f

46、ound a wonderful solution. They made a lamp that can be powered by plants and soil, both of which can be easily found in the Amazonian rainforest where the village lies. The lamp takes energy from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it to light up an LED light bulb. While that may sound amazing

47、 and even impossible, the science behind the idea is quite simple. As plants create their food (using the suns energy, water and chemicals from the soil), they also produce waste which they return to the soil. Tiny animals in the soil eat this waste and they produce electrons(电子). The UT team put sp

48、ecial sticks inside the soil to get the energy and keep it in the lamps batteries for later use. The researchers say a single charge (电荷)can power a 50-walt LED light for two hours - enough time for local villagers to get their evening work done. The university gave ten Plant Lamps to the villagers of Nuevo Saposoa in October 2017. So far, they have been a huge success! Elmer Ramirez, the UT professor who invented the lamp, believes the Plant Lam