2020年江苏中考英语阅读类题型专题02 阅读理解专项突破-2020年江苏中考英语阅读类题型专项突破（原卷版）.doc

1、 阅读理解阅读理解专项突破专项突破 阅读理解常见题型及解题技巧阅读理解常见题型及解题技巧 细节题细节题 知识知识点：点：细节理解题的基本要求和特点细节理解题的基本要求和特点 初中英语阅读理解最基本的要求是“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。对这种“获取和处理主要 信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是细节判断。这类题在阅读理解题中占据半壁江山，做好这类题是确 保基础分的关键。同时，弄清细节，正确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特别重视做好这 类题。 细节题就是指那些针对文章细节描写或与文章情节发展相关的事实所设置的问题。这类题主要测试考 生获取信息及对文章所提供信息的理解能力。 知

2、识知识点：点：设题方式设题方式 1) 此类题型多数以特殊疑问词设问，设问的检测点针对某一具体行为、地点、时间、原因、方式、数量等。 细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕 捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。 此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的 细节设计的。 2) 常见的命题方式 1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage? 2.Which of the following is mentioned i

3、n the passage? 3.What is the example of . . . as described in the passage? 4.The author mentions all of the following except . . . 5.The reason for . . .is . . . 6.The author states that . . . 7.According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ).? 8.Which of the following is right? 9.Which

4、 of the following is not mentioned? 10.Choose the right order of this passage . 11.From this passage we know _. 词义猜测题词义猜测题 知识知识点：点：词义猜测的基本要求和特点词义猜测的基本要求和特点 所谓词义猜测是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推 断某一生词、难词、关键词甚至短语或句子的意义。词义猜测题在中考中一般考一至两道，要求学生在掌 握一定的词汇量的基础上，能独立阅读部分生词，理解生词的含义。考察学生通过上下文提供的线索或生 词本身

5、的结构特点对词义作出正确判断的能力。 知识知识点：点：常见的命题方式常见的命题方式 1. What does the word “_”in . mean? 2. It can be inferred（推断，推论）/concluded（推断） (from the passage) that the word“_”means _. 3.The word .implies （意味，暗示）that _. 4. Which of the following is the closest meaning of the word? 5. what do you think of the expression

6、 _ stands for? 6. The word “_ ” in the passage probably means _. 7. In this story the underlined word “ ” means _. 例题例题 例例 1.根据释义猜测根据释义猜测 The small-world theory says that everyone in the world is connected through a short chain (链条) of people they know. Another name of this chain is degrees of separ

7、ation. Each degree is a step that separates a person from someone he or she does not know. There are zero degrees of separation between a person and the people he or she knows directly. This means that there are zero degrees between Ben and his mom. What is the meaning of “degrees of separation” in

8、Paragraph 2? A. The chain to connect people B. The relations between people C. The steps of knowing strangers D. The separation between strangers. 例例 2. 根据同义词和反义词猜测根据同义词和反义词猜测 It not only spawned over 104,000 active discussions, but also brought about care about what means a healthy body image. The

9、underlined word spawned in Paragraph 4 probably means _. A. led to B. put out C. talked about D. looked into 例例 3. 根据构词法猜测根据构词法猜测 Some students who steal essays (论文) wholesale from the Web, they said, are so lazy they dont even bother to take the advertisements off the cut-and-pasted text. The under

10、lined word “wholesale” in the 2nd paragraph possibly means _. A. for sale in large quantities B. completely copying others work C. in unlimited amounts D. in too large numbers from cutting and pasting 主旨大意题主旨大意题 知识知识点：点：主旨大意类题目的特点主旨大意类题目的特点 主旨是文章的核心，即文章的中心思想或主题。主旨题主要是考查考生能否分辨主题和细节、是否具 备提纲挈领的能力，即是否能在

11、理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高 度概括和总结。这类题大约占总题量的 30%。主旨题一般会放在第一个或者最后一个考。 这类题要求阅读时不但要看懂个别的句子，而且要能够根据作者思路的展开，把握作者在整片文章中 的观点，因此必须看懂全篇文章的意思。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意 义。 知识知识点：点：常见设题方式：常见设题方式： 1. What is the main idea of this passage? 2.What does the passage mainly talk about? 3. The best title of t

12、his passage is 4.In this passage the writer tries to tell us that _. 知识知识点：点：解题技巧解题技巧 1. 整体思路整体思路 （1）仔细阅读全文，判断发现主题句 文章的主题句有的文章有而有的却没有，这就需要学生认真地阅读文章，仔细判断（如果有，它经常出现 在文章的开始和结尾处，但也不能排除出现在文章中间的可能） 。另外，不要被表象所迷惑。有的文章列举 一个或几个人们比较熟悉的事例或是用一些具体的事例来说明一个人们不熟悉或是抽象的内容，这时要看 清的是文章的本质而不是表面现象。 （2）对文章进行分析、归纳和概括并得出正确结论

13、这种情况下大多文章中是找不到主题句的，要求学生在理解全文的基础上自己进行总结。对全文的概括要 完整，不能以点带面，以偏概全。在具体的答题过程中学生会发现有个别选项是对的，但它对文章的概括 不是很完整，这也不是我们所要的最佳答案。 另外，选择“最佳标题”的题目也是属于文章的主旨，但是标题不仅要能完整地概括全文，还要简洁明了，并 能吸引读者，这也是学生在选择最佳标题时应把握的一条原则。 2. 主题句定位法主题句定位法 即通过分析篇章结构，找出每一小段的主题句，然后通过寻找共同点，找出整个文章的主题句。 主题呈现的方式有： 说明文 议论文 记叙文 在开头 (较常见) 在结尾 (较少见) 在中间 中心

14、贯穿全文 (较常见)来源:163文库 例题例题 例例 1. 开门见山式：主题句出现在文首。开门见山式：主题句出现在文首。 If you plan to take your pet on a trip, prepare ahead of time. At least two weeks before you leave, take your pet to a vet. See if he or she is tit for travel and ask if he or she should have any medicine before leaving. The vet may sugges

15、t certain pills for sickness or for calming the pet. The main idea of this passage is to _. A. warn people to leave their pets at home B. give general information about pet travel C. tell people how to choose their pet boxes D. tell people about foreign pet laws 例例 2. 藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾 Th

16、e practical meaning of this survey result could be that doing one kind act would make you happier, and the happier you feel, the more likely you are to do another kind act. This might also be used by charitable (慈善的) organizations; reminding honors of earlier donations could make them happy, and exp

17、eriencing happiness might lead them to make more generous gifts. What is the general topic of the passage? A. Advice on how to be happy. B. The importance of being generous. C. Donating things makes people happy. D. Being kind makes you happy. 例例 3. 尾呼应式尾呼应式 在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再

18、次点出主题。 值得注意的是，前后两个主题句不是简单的重复，再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发 展。 The number of rural(乡村的) left-behind children under 17 years old has increased to 61.02 million, according to a report. These childrens parents leave them with their grandparents or other family members in order to make money in cities. These

19、children are the future of the nation. People should offer them their love, care and protection. The best title of the passage is_. A. Serious facts about rural children B. A choice of children or money C. More care to rural left-behind children D. A report on parents worry about rural left-behind c

20、hildren 例例 4. 藏龙卧虎式藏龙卧虎式 即主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。具体方法是：首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容， 这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，寻找共同点,然后加以归纳形成主题。 In the spring of 1926, Yan Qingbao, a 43-year-old farmer, discovered a circular piece of jade(玉) while digging a hole. Driven by curiosity, he dug deeper and found a group of about 400 colorful j

21、ade pieces. At the time, he had no idea that his discovery would be as important as other wonders of the world such as Chinas Great Wall and Egypts pyramids. Since then more than 10000 relics, . The main idea of the passage is_. A. Shanxingdui was named the Scientific Education Base for Chinas Youth

22、 B. Shanxingdui was once the political, economic and cultural center of the ancient Shu Kingdom C. the importance of the discovery of Shanxingdui D. it has helped modern historians realize that Shichuans human history goes back more than 5000 years 推理判断类阅读推理判断类阅读 知识知识点：点：推理判断题的特点推理判断题的特点 推断题就是根据某个事实

23、推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。 这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。 知识知识点：点：推理判断题的解题思路推理判断题的解题思路 做推断题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思， 反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。要求在通篇理解文章的基础上，以文章提供的事实为依据，将已表 述的和隐含的信息结合起来进行思考、分析，透彻理解全文，以领会作者的真正意图，从而做出正确的推 理和判断，切不可凭空想象，主观臆断。 知识知识点：点：推理判断题的常见设问方式推理判断题的常见设问方式 1. We can infer

24、 /conclude from the passage that _. 2. It can be inferred /concluded (from the passage) that _. 3. The author strongly suggests that_. 4. What do you think would happen (to) at the end of the story?/ next? 5. We can infer from the text that _. 6.From the story we can guess _ 7. Here “it” means_. 8.

25、The underlined word “it” in the passage refers to _. 9. The passage is probably from_ 例题例题 例例 1. 判断文章出处判断文章出处 Every living thing On Earth is either a plant or an animal, right? Wrong! Many organisms (有机体) in Our world are neither. What are these? They are called fungi (菌类), and you see them almost e

26、very day. Many kinds of fungi seem disgusting, such as the green black things that appear on the food which are left too long in the refrigerator. But other kinds are not so bad. For example, the yeast that is used to make bread and mushrooms (蘑菇) are both fungi. Where can you most probably find thi

27、s passage? A. In a social report. B. In a biology book. C. In a geography magazine. D. In a farming book. 例例 2. 与文章细节相关的推断与文章细节相关的推断 One user of the site, Joseph Meehan, 27, from Birmingham, said, “Its a fun and exciting website. I visit every once in a while when Im missing my friends or family. I

28、think it could really be a help to people that are feeling down or sad. It may even stop them from doing something stupid. You can also post your video to the website, and they add it to the series. Its very easy to share the love.” According to the text, which of the following is TRUE? A. Jeff Lam

29、is working on a new project to collect more audio diaries.来源:学.科.网 Z.X.X.K B. Jeff Lam met a lot of difficulties during the time of creating the website. C. Joseph Meehan has got help from the website and supports it. D. Joseph Meehan has shared his own positive videos with strangers. 例例 3. 对文章结构的推断

30、：对文章结构的推断： . But the large tree he started chewing on last fall was a future goal一he wanted the large tree to provide new food and branches(树枝)for the coming spring. Even with the setbacks he faced over the winter, he never gave up until he reached it. Our beavers experience reminds us that we need

31、to set goals for tomorrow. Sometimes just surviving seems to take up all of our time. Here is a paragraph(段)“When spring arrived, we went down to see the beavers progress. The tree was about to fall. Our beaver had almost completely chewed around and through the whole tree.” According to the passage

32、, it should be put_ A. between paragraph I and 2 B. between paragraph 2 and 3 C. between paragraph 3 and 4 D. between paragraph 4 and 5 例例 4. 指代推断：指代推断： I went on to have an amazing year studying in England, but that was the last time I saw or spoke to any of my uncles family. Yet when I think about

33、 that terrible loss in 2008, I remember those strangers hands. They were there when I needed them, and even now, they help me out of the sadness of that memory. I think of them as I ride the underground in Washington D. C. today, and I watch the citizens and tourists to offer hands at any time. In t

34、he last paragraph, the underlined words “that terrible loss“ probably mean _. A. I was crying when I took the underground in London B. I left my uncles family and havent contacted them since then C. I didnt say thank you to those who gave hands to me D. I lost my good mood and felt sad when I left m

35、y uncles family 近三年九年级上期末阅读理解汇编近三年九年级上期末阅读理解汇编 年份年份/区域区域 主题主题 文章类型文章类型 2017-2018 玄武玄武 A来来 源源:Z the jackals children complained to their mother and their mother complained to the jackal. The jackal was upset and told the lion, “You told me to live with you. If you dont like it any more, you should sa

36、y so yourself.” The lion was shocked and said, “This is not true. Ive never complained about you. I still want you to continue staying with me. The jackal said, “We understand each other. But our families dont. Perhaps it is better for us to live apart, but continue meeting each other when we are fr

37、ee. We can even hunt together!” The two families divided, but the lion and the jackal met often and remained friends for the rest of their lives. From the above paragraphs, we can conclude that in order to keep our good friendship, we have to give something up or give in in some special cases. Howev

38、er, we can never give up or destroy our families. What do you think of it? 51. How was the lion when the jackal first met him? A. Weak and tired. B. Strong and happy. C. Kind and friendly. D. Angry and energetic. 52. The lion thanked the jackal for saving his life by _. A. serving the jackal dinner

39、B. protecting the jackal C. offering the jackal a house D. inviting the jackal to live with him 53. When both the lion and the jackal had family, _. A. the two families still lived happily together B. the lioness began to complain about the friendship C. the two families often quarreled with each ot

40、her D. the lions children laughed at the jackals children 54. What was the jackals advice for the two families problem? A. Live separately and stop meeting each other. B. Live together and hunt separately. C. Live separately but continue meeting each other. D. Teach the children to learn to share. 5

41、5. We can learn from the text that _. A. it is easy to give up a friendship B. family relationship is more important than friendship C. we should try to value true friends without giving up our family D. we should not make friends with those who refuse to help you C Have you noticed your life becomi

42、ng a little easier? Now, when you go to a certain shopping mail, you can enjoy its free Wi-Fi there. When you want to take a taxi, you can book one with your phone. In fact, all these can be seen as the basic parts of a smart city. The idea of a smart city was brought up by US company IBM in 2010. G

43、enerally, a smart city is a city that uses digital technologies such as the Internet to improve city planning, save money and resources, and make our life convenient. How smart can a city be? Here are great examples that we can learn from. In 2009, Dubuque became the first smart city in the US. The

44、city used smart water meters to take the place of traditional water meters. They can detect （探测）water waste and leakage（泄漏） and send data to let the house owner know. The same system is used for other city resources like electricity and natural gas. This way, people know how they use their resources

45、 and are glad to help reduce waste. Santander in Spain also gives us a look at the future. If people point a phone toward a nearby bus stop, the phone immediately shows all bus lines that serve the stop as well as their arrival times. The government organized a research team and provided an App （应用程

46、序）that collects data on almost everything: light, temperature, and the movements of cars and people. Opening the App near a supermarket provides immediate information on special offers. 56. According to the passage, which of the following is RIGHT? A. Digital technologies are used in smart cities. B

47、. An English company first raised the idea of a smart city. C. A smart city is mainly made up of free Wi-Fi and phones. D. A smart city is still an idea and hasnt come into being. 57. The underlined word “convenient” is the closest in meaning to_. A. useful B. normal C. suitable D. easy 58. Compared

48、 to traditional water meters, smart water meters do better in_. A. cleaning water B. supplying water C. saving water D. producing water 59. The example of Santander shows the use of smart systems in aspects （方面）EXCEPT_. A. business B. health care C. traffic controlling D. public transportation 60. Whats the main idea of the passage? A. Digital technologies help improve city planning. B. Smart citi