高一英语语法 .ppt

1、快瞧瞧！今天要讲什么呢？Direct speech and Indirect speech啊！什么？语法？那要认真听啊！不然不会做题啊！Direct speech 直接引语 Reported speech间接引语.直接引述别人的话，要加引号用自己的话转述别人的话，不需要用引号直接引语变间接引语直接引语变间接引语是邓老师讲课啊，不许睡觉了，认真听！直接引语变间接引语直接引语变间接引语The boy said,“Im reading a book now.”Direct speech 直接引语直接引语 The boy said(that)he was reading a book then.Rep

2、orted speech间接引语间接引语.+句子结构+人称+时态+指示代词，时间状语，地点状语，移位动词一，如何变句子结构陈述句的变化一般疑问句的变化特殊疑问句的变化祈使句的变化注意1 1）选用正确引导词选用正确引导词2 2）语序（陈述句语序）语序（陈述句语序）3）助动词要去掉助动词要去掉直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)陈述句陈述句Jane said,“Im very fond of traveling.”that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接

3、引语时，用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的say,也可用tell来代替，注意，可以说say that,tell sb.that，不可直接说tell that 陈述句陈述句直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般疑问句一般疑问句“Is this your umbrella,Mary?”asked John.whether/if 引导的宾引导的宾语从句语从句John asked Mary if that was her umbrella.He asked（me）whether/if I was a student.没有间接宾语的，

4、可以加一个间接宾语没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语me/him/her。Eg.He said,“Are you a student?”陈述语序一般疑问句一般疑问句 疑问语序疑问语序 He asked,“Do you speak English or French?”He asked me whether I spoke English or French.I asked,“Will you take bus or take train?”I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.“Is he all right?”They cri

5、ed out.They cried out whether he was all right.注意：大多数情况下，if,whether 可以互换，但句中出现or(not),或放在介词后作连接词，只用whether。直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句“Mary,when will you return me the book?”asked John.wh-词引导的宾语从句词引导的宾语从句John asked Mary when she would return him the book.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 He said to me，“What

6、s your name?”He asked me what my name was.He asked us,“How many car factories have been built in your country?”He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:由直接引语变为间接引语时由直接引语变为间接引语时,仍用仍用原原来的疑问词来的疑问词引导引导.要把疑问句语序改为要把疑问句语序改为陈述句陈述句语语序。序。Eg.“Where are you going?”Father asked

7、 hisson.Father asked his son where he was going疑问语序疑问语序陈述语序陈述语序直接引语是祈使句，则改为直接引语是祈使句，则改为tell/order/ask sb.(not)to do sth.其他变化同上。其他变化同上。祈使句祈使句He said,“Please come here tomorrow.”The teacher said,“Dont talk any more.”He asked me to go there the next day.The teacher told us not to talk any more.直接引语和间接引

8、语可分为四大类：直接引语和间接引语可分为四大类：1 1）陈述句）陈述句2 2）祈使句）祈使句3)3)一般疑问句一般疑问句变成变成that引导的从句引导的从句变成变成ask/tell sb to do sth4)4)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句变成变成if/whether+称述句称述句变成由变成由Wh-疑问词疑问词+称述句称述句summary二、如何变人称：二、如何变人称：口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三不变。口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三不变。“一随主一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句

9、中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：She said.My brother wants to go shopping with me.”She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her.“二随宾二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，的主句没有宾语。

10、也可以用第一人称，如：如：He said to Kate.How is your sister now?”He asked Kate how her sister was then。“第三人称不更新第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：人称一般不需要变化如：Mr.Smith said,“Jack is a good boy.”Mr.Smith said Jack was a good boy.三，时态的变化三，时态的变化 直接引

11、语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句动词为一般现在主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时时或现在完成时She often says,“All men and women are equal under the law.”从句动词时态不变从句动词时态不变She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为一为一般过般过去时去时引导动词为引导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相应相应变化变化从句动词变为从句动词变为:一般现在时一

12、般现在时“I know it,”he said.一般过去时一般过去时He said that he knew it.直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为一为一般过般过去时去时引导动词为引导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相应相应变化变化从句动词变为从句动词变为:现在进行时现在进行时“Im making coffee for you all,”she said.过去进行时过去进行时She said she was making coffee for us all.直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为一为一

13、般过般过去时去时引导动词为引导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相应相应变化变化从句动词变为从句动词变为:现在完成时现在完成时“I have seen her before,”said he.过去完成时过去完成时He said he had seen her before.直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为一为一般过般过去时去时引导动词为引导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相应相应变化变化从句动词变为从句动词变为:一般过去时一般过去时“I saw her last Monday,”he said.过去完成时过去完成时He said he had s

14、een her the previous Monday.直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为一为一般过般过去时去时引导动词为引导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相应相应变化变化从句动词变为从句动词变为:过去完成时过去完成时“Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?”Jack asked.过去完成时过去完成时Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died.直接引语直接

15、引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为一为一般过般过去时去时引导动词为引导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相应相应变化变化从句动词变为从句动词变为:一般将来时一般将来时He said:“We shall start tomorrow.”过去将来时过去将来时He said they would start the next day.直接引语变间接引语时直接引语变间接引语时,时态要发生变化时态要发生变化:一般现在时一般现在时现在完成时现在完成时现在进行时现在进行时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去

16、完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时过去将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时不变不变不变不变注意由直接引语转变为间接引语注意由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列下列情况情况时态时态不变不变:1.不变的真理，定律，格言，客观事实不变的真理，定律，格言，客观事实 The teacher said to the students,“Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.”The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.2.经常的

17、习惯：经常的习惯：He said to the doctor,“I smoke two packs every day.”He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.3.历史事件，固定的过去事实：历史事件，固定的过去事实：The teacher said,“World War ended in 1945.”The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.4.部分没有过去式的情态动词部分没有过去式的情态动词,如如must,ought to,used to,had better等：等：She

18、 said to me:“You must hurry up.”She said that I must hurry up.四四，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化性动词的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词this,thesethat,those地点状语Here/over hereThere/over there动词Come/bring go/takenowthenTodayThat dayTonightThat nightAgoBefore/earlierYesterdayThe day beforeLast nightThe night befor

19、eTomorrowThe next/following dayNext weekThe next/following weekThe day after tomorrow In two days timeThe day before yesterdayTwo days before/earlier 时间状语时间状语:如果直接引语要变为间接引语，转述是发生在如果直接引语要变为间接引语，转述是发生在当天当地，那么直接引语中的当天当地，那么直接引语中的 comecome、herehere、tomorrowtomorrow、this morningthis morning、todaytoday、yes

20、terdayyesterday等等不必改变不必改变则上述时间状语则上述时间状语 或地点状语一律或地点状语一律I I cancan speak three languages.speak three languages.He He saidsaid he he couldcould speak speak three languages.three languages.What did he say?What did he say?We are having a party for Lana.What did they say?They said they were having a party

21、 for Lana.she was hard-working,I am hard-working.What did she say?She saidshe was not lazy.What did she say?She saidI am not lazy.he was good at playing basketball.What did he say?He saidIm good at playing basketball.I am good at English.She said she was good at English.What did she say?What did she say?I do well in English.She said she did well in English.do well inI do well in English.I go to beach every Sunday.What did he say?He said he_.went to beach every SundayWhat did she say?She said she_.would call me tomorrowI will call you tomorrow.不鼓掌我就赖着不走了起来啦，他们鼓掌了！