translationese.ppt

1、Translationese1.Concepts of translationese 2.Reasons 3.Strategies to avoid translationese1.1 Study by western scholars:first put forward by Nida in The Theory and Practice of Translation:“i.e.formal fidelity with no constant attention to the content and the effect of the message”.在西方学者中,美国翻译理论家尤金奈达在

2、其著作The Theory and Practice of Translation中最先对translationese一词进行了界定和讨论。就此国内许多研究者,如范仲英认为translationese是奈达为了描述某种翻译现象而专门造的词In Newmarks A Textbook of Translation:“literal translation that makes little sense or is unnatural”.英国翻译理论家彼得纽马克在其著作A Textbook of Translation中对translationese一词也有所提及。Translationese在西

3、方辞书中涉及更少。Definition in Dictionary of Translation Studies by Mark Shuttleworth is:a general pejorative term used to refer to TL usage which because of its obvious reliance on features of SL is perceived as unnatural,impenetrable or even comical.Translationese is typically caused by an excessively lit

4、eral approach to the translation process or an imperfect knowledge of TL.Dictionary of Translation Studies收录了translationese词条,并将其定义为“A general pejorative term used to refer to TL usage which because of its obvious reliance on features of SL is perceived as unnatural,impenetrable or even comical.”“通常

5、来说是一个贬义术语,用来指因明显依赖源语的语言特色而让人觉得不自然,费解甚至可笑的目标语用法。”1.2 study by Chinese scholars:林天煌林天煌中国翻译词典中国翻译词典：“翻译体，又称翻译腔翻译体，又称翻译腔或翻译症或翻译症”谭载喜谭载喜翻译研究词典翻译研究词典：“翻译体翻译体”方梦之方梦之译学词典译学词典：“翻译症，主要特征为文笔翻译症，主要特征为文笔拙劣，即译出来的东西不自然、不流畅、生硬、晦拙劣，即译出来的东西不自然、不流畅、生硬、晦涩、难懂、费解，甚至不知所云。这种涩、难懂、费解，甚至不知所云。这种症状症状往往往并不是由于译者文化水平低，写作能力差而产生往并不是

6、由于译者文化水平低，写作能力差而产生的，而是由于译者在翻译过程中受原文语言表达方的，而是由于译者在翻译过程中受原文语言表达方式的影响和束缚，使译文不符合译文语言的表达习式的影响和束缚，使译文不符合译文语言的表达习惯。惯。”陆谷孙陆谷孙 英汉大辞典英汉大辞典：“翻译症翻译症”；“表达不表达不流畅、不地道的翻译文体，翻译腔流畅、不地道的翻译文体，翻译腔”1.3 translationese 的一些定义的一些定义用于描述某种明显依赖源语特色而形成的目标语用法，让人用于描述某种明显依赖源语特色而形成的目标语用法，让人觉得不自然、费解甚至可笑。觉得不自然、费解甚至可笑。翻译症翻译症：指在一定时期内译文中

7、不符合译语规范的语言表达：指在一定时期内译文中不符合译语规范的语言表达形式。没有译错，译文勉强能接受。形式。没有译错，译文勉强能接受。“病症病症”需尽快需尽快“诊诊治治”。翻译腔翻译腔：中性词，客观地描述了一种不符合译语表达习惯的：中性词，客观地描述了一种不符合译语表达习惯的翻译现象。翻译现象。翻译体翻译体：有自身独特的：有自身独特的“美学品格美学品格”，使原文中一些新奇的，使原文中一些新奇的语言表达方式得以保留，这些表达方式反映了异域的思维模语言表达方式得以保留，这些表达方式反映了异域的思维模式和风土人情，可以丰富本民族的语言，在一定时期内有存式和风土人情，可以丰富本民族的语言，在一定时期内

8、有存在的价值。但在翻译实践中译者应尽量避免。在的价值。但在翻译实践中译者应尽量避免。Meaning：is shown the bad habits or improper practices during doing the translation.Translationese refers to the inferior expression and wording in translation which is not in accordance with the Chinese linguistic habits or professional habits,though there i

9、s no much trouble with the content conveyance.2.Reasons Use the translation of words in dictionary blindly.Translate the function words directly.Follow or Copy the Textual Word Order.Follow or Copy Textual Expression.Use the translation of words in dictionary blindly.照搬英汉词典是释义照搬英汉词典是释义 I believed th

10、en that I would die there,and I saw with a terrible clarity the things of the valley below.原译：这时我觉得我要死在那儿了，而且清晰得可怕清晰得可怕地看见了下面山谷里的景物。改译：这时我觉得我要死在那儿了，而下面山谷里的景致却看得异常清晰异常清晰Translate the function words directly and blindly照搬原文功能词 At Eton the boys stand in a cluster and lift their hats when their names ar

11、e called.译文1：在伊顿，学生们站在一起，当他们的名字被叫到的时候，就举起帽子。译文2：在伊顿，学生们站在一起，叫到名字就举起帽子。Follow or Copy the Textual Word Order照搬原文的语序照搬原文的语序 Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among U.S.citizens version1：几乎没有哪个月没有关于美国公民科学知识匮乏现象加深的又一调查报导。version2：美国公民科学知识

12、匮乏的现象日益严重，这种调查报告几乎月月都有。Follow or Copy Textual Expression照搬原文的表达方式照搬原文的表达方式Our son must go to school.He must break out of the pot that holds us in.version1：我们的儿子一定得进学校。他一定得打破这个把我们关在里面的罐子。version2：我们的儿子一定要上学，一定要出人头地。3.Strategies to avoid translationeseOn Lexical level to focus on Word meaning On syntactical level Sentence structureIn respect of revision do a second revision after a period of timelanguage sensibility1.enough practice2.do a second even third revision