背景 unitone .ppt

1、Unit One一、一、Author二、二、Proxemics三、三、American middle class四、四、Public school五、五、The map of American陈磊陈磊成庆成庆丁律丁律张婷张婷Edward T.Hall An American anthropologist the concept of Proxemics a founding father of intercultural communication The Silent Language(1959)The Hidden Dimension(1966)Books intercultural co

2、mmunication High context cultureLow context cultureHigh context cultureLess verbally explicitindirectless written/formal information It is difficult to attend in if you are a outsider.Low context culturepublic,external,accessible Separation-of time of space of activities of relationships JapaneseChi

3、neseKoreanAfrican AmericaNative AmericaArabGreekLatinItalianEnglishFrenchAmericanScandinavianGermanGermanSwissHigh context cultureLow context cultureIn high context cultures,behavioral rules are implicit;in other words,the context is supposed to give you the cues you need to behave appropriately.In

4、these cultures,members tend to use a more indirect style of communication.In low context cultures,information is part of and conveyed through the verbal content of the communication.The rules and expectations are explained and discussed;individuals tend to prefer a more direct communication style.Mi

5、crowave Users:Please clean up after yourself.Thank you!Low context cultureInfluence One of the most widely sought after topics of anthropology is an idea that was first introduced by Edward HallAnthropology of Space，which has essentially opened the door to dozens of new topics.Hall also did substant

6、ial research on intercultural communication.For example,Hall based a large amount of his research on the culture and how they interact in a High context culture as opposed to a Low context culture used in the United States.ConclusionEdward T.HallAnthropologistProxemicsHigh and Lowcontext culture空间关系

7、学ProxemicsThe presenter Edward T.Hall The cultural anthropologist who coined the term in 1963,emphasized the impact of proxemic behavior(the use of space)on interpersonal communication.From Wikipedia,the free encyclopediaanthropologist,nrpldst n.人类学家；人类学者What is Proxemics?空间关系学是人类学的一个分支，研究空间利用及支配空间利

8、用的规则。空间关系学是人们如何运用空间进行交流，而领土则描述了我们如何坚持要求某一区域。Proxemics is a subcategory of the study of nonverbal communication along with haptics(touch),kinesics(body movement),vocalics(paralanguage),and chronemics(structure of time).Proxemics can be defined as the interrelated observations and theories of mans use

9、 of space as a specialized elaboration of culture”.hapticshptiks n.触觉论，触觉学kinesics 英英knisks;ka-n.人体动作学；举止神态学vocalics vuklik 元音的；似元音的；与元音有关的由元音构成的；含元音的；有元音特点的 2011年11月2日，美国安全化妆品运动联盟表示，强生婴儿洗发水中含有可致癌的二恶烷以及季铵盐15。美国、中国、加拿大等5国市场所售产品中仍含有该物质。10月份，奢侈品品牌Gucci被指在华用工双重标准，并爆发“虐工门”，让这个一向在中国口碑不错的奢侈品企业，一夜之间成了千夫所指的“

10、血汗工厂”。PROXEMICS COMES IN TWO FLAVORSPhysical space,such as why desks face the front of a classroom rather than towards a center isle.Personal space that we carry with us,the bubble of space that you keep between yourself and the person ahead of you in a line.Diagram of Edward T.Halls personal reacti

11、on bubbles(1966),showing radius in feet.Forms of human space in proxemic theoryThere are four forms of human space in proxemic theory.Public space a place where one may freely enter Social space -a place where people congregate informallyPersonal space a place where people claim their individual ter

12、ritory 私人距离私人距离私人距离一般在45-120 厘米之间，表现为伸手可以握到对方的手，但不易接触到对方身体，这一距离对讨论个人问题是很合适的，一般的朋友交谈多采用这一距离。Intimate space the space immediately surrounding us 亲密距离亲密距离亲密距离在45 厘米以内，属于私下情境。多用于情侣，也可以用于父母与子女之间或知心朋友间。两位成年男子一般不采用此距离，但两位女性知己间往往喜欢以这种距离交往。亲密距离属于很敏感的领域，交往时要特别注意不能轻易采用这种距离。These different levels of territory,i

13、n addition to factors involving personal space,suggest ways for us to communicate and produce expectations of appropriate behavior.ENDSPersonal spaceSocial spaceConclusion Conclusion Proxemics Public spaceIntimate space American middle class Most Americans consider themselves middle class.Ambiguous

14、Income levels alone do not define the middle class.“Middle class is a combination of values,expectations and aspirations,as well as income levels.The middle class may constitute anywhere from 25%to 66%of households.lower middle class（semi-professionals：lower managers and craftspeople）upper middle cl

15、ass(professionals：conceptualize,create,consult and supervise.)professional classDivisionsmiddle classClass Typical characteristics Upper class(1%)Top-level executives,celebrities,heirs;income of$500,000+common.Ivy league education common.Upper middle class 15%Highly-educated(often with graduate degr

16、ees)professionals&managers with household incomes varying from the high 5-figure range to commonly above$100,000.Lower middle class 32%Semi-professionals and craftsman with some work autonomy;household incomes commonly range from$35,000 to$75,000.Typically,some college education.Working class 32%Cle

17、rical,pink-and blue-collar workers with often low job security;common household incomes range from$16,000 to$30,000.High school education.Lower class(14%-20%)Those who occupy poorly-paid positions or rely on government transfers.Some high school education.The Living Standards Have a house with two t

18、o four rooms(payment by installments)Two cars,and changed in three years(If their child are more than 18 years old,it is likely to buy a used car for them)Have two or three kids and one or two pets They eat and drink at average price Their dress is not expensive,most are made in China Their electron

19、ic products most are made in Korea and Japan,but they are much cheaper than in Korea and Japan the cost of college the cost of health care the cost of a house it is harder to attain a middle class lifestyle now than it was in the recent pastThe crisis of American middle-class The battle of Waterloo

20、was won on the playing fields of Eton.Duke of WellingtonQ:what is Eton?Do you know something about Eton?Public school misleading message Stereotype funds government-funded tuition free/cheap recruit nationalrecruitment/local truthdonationexpensivenobleman/the rich Britain State schoolPrivate schoolP

21、ublic schoolgovernment-fundedUSPublic school90%studentsPrivate schoolgovernment-fundedWinchester College(1382)publicthey are open to any member of the public,distinguished from religious schools which are open only to members of that religion Eton College(1440)offer a free education place for poor f

22、amilies Eton College Henry VIOnly for elite boysThe chief nurse of Englands statesmenBlack tailcoatWhite shirtBlack waistcoatPantsLeather shoes2,000-3,000poundsTuition fee 20,000pounds24.7%34%ChurchillHarrow SchoolPoetEconomist Eton CollegeShelleyKeynesCameron20 Prime MinistersRobert Anthony EdenHarold MacmillanByronKey words Public schoolHigh tuitionNoble schooltalentsOxford/Cambridge university