并列连词 .ppt

1、并列连词可表示多种意义，但主要有四种，即表示并列、转折、选择、因果等。注意并列连词在句子中位置比较固定，定位于所连接的语言单位之间，两个并列连词不能并用,而可以与从属连词并用。（1）并列连词and的用法 可以连接两个的词，多用于肯定句中。Go and fetch something to eat.（连接两个动词如go,come等表示目的）去取些吃的东西来。He started to shout and sing.他开始大叫并唱歌。连接两个句子，表示因果、对比、条件、假设、目的等。They didnt catch the bus,and had to stay in a hotel for th

2、e night.他们没赶上汽车，只好在旅馆过夜。（因果）（2）并列连词bothand,not onlybut also,as well as的用法bothand意为：“不但而且；既又”，是并列连词，可以并列主语、宾语、表语、状语、谓语等成分。并列主语时谓语动词用复数形式。Both New York and London have traffic problems.纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.这位秘书不但能讲而且能写西班牙语。not onlybut also意为：“不但.而且”，是并列连词，可以连接两个词，也

3、可连接两个句子。其中，but also中的also可以省略。a.连接两个成分not onlybut also可以连接句中所有的成分，连接并列主语时，其谓语动词根据就近原则，与所靠近的成分保持数的一致。Not only the students but(also)their teacher is enjoying the movie.不仅学生们津津有味地看着这部电影，而且他们的老师也是如此。b.并列两个句子not onlybut also可以连接两个句子，not only位于句首时，not only后的句子要倒装。Not only is he a scientist,but he is also

4、 a fighter.他不但是位科学家而且还是名战士。Not only was evrything he had taken away,but his citizenship.不仅他的一切被拿走，而且他的国籍也被取消。as well as 其连词作用，表示“同、和、也”等。The editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime.编辑和校对者都在加班工作。I have read his novels as well as his plays.我读过他的小说和剧本。when并列连词，意为“就在那时”I was about to le

5、ave when the telephone rang.我刚想走，突然电话铃响了。We played outside till sunset,when it began to rain.我们在户外一直玩到太阳下山,那时天下起雨来了。这类连词连接两个含义不同的甚至是反义的词、短语或分句。常见的还有yet(然而)，while(而)，however(可是)等。其中while与but的区别在于:while表示对比，而but表示意义正好相反。Learning the guitar isnt difficult,but you have to practice.学弹吉它并不难，但你得练习。The chan

6、ges in the city will cost quite a lot,but they will save us money in the long run.改造城市需要花费很多的钱，但从长远来看还是省钱。She thought I was talking about her daughter,while in fact I was talking about my daughter.她认为我是在谈论她的女儿，而事实上我在谈论我女儿。注意：notbut在连接主语时，谓语动词要按就近原则，与靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。此类并列连词主要有or,or else,eitheror,other

7、wise，neithernor,not nor等。（1）or的用法 可以连接两个的词，多用于否定或者疑问句中。主语的人称、数不一致时,动词随着接近的主语而变化。John or you are in Class Two.约翰或者你在二班。He never smokes or drinks.他从不吸烟，也不喝酒。连接两个句子，常和else连用。Would you like a cup of coffee or shall we get down to business right away?你愿意先喝咖啡还是我们谈正事。Put on your overcoat,or you will catch

8、cold.穿上你的大衣，不然你会着凉。Hurry up,or/or else well be late for the meeting.赶快，否则我们开会要迟到的。注意：or,or else,otherwise三者相比，or else语气较or强，而otherwise语气则最强。（2）eitheror,neithernor,not nor的用法 可以连接两个的词eitheror,neithernor,not nor等连接主语时，谓语动词也依据就近原则。Either my father or my brothers are coming.不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。Neither you nor

9、I am wrong.你和我都没错。Either the coach or the players are responsible for the defeat.不是教练就是运动员对这次失败负有责任。连接两个句子，当neither,nor放句首时，该句倒装。Either we go now or we remain here forever.要么我们现在走，要么我们永远在这呆下去。Neither could theory do without practice,nor could practice do without theory.理论没有实践不行,实践没有理论也不行。这类连词常见的有so(

10、因此)，for(因为)，therefore(因此)等。并列连词for表示原因，用以附加说明。这个词引导的分句必须放在第一个分句之后。（1）for的用法 for可以表示原因，但引起的不是从句，而是分句，对前面的情况加以解释，有逗号把它和前面的分句分开，在书面语中用的较多。I apologized to her,for I had wronged her.我向她道歉了，因为我错怪了她。The shop was quite new,for it had opened only the week before.商店相当新，因为它一星期前才开业。He felt no fear,for he was ve

11、ry brave.他很勇敢,毫不畏惧。比较：for 和 because 在表示“原因”的时候意思基本相同,一般可以互相代用。for可以表示原因又可以用于提出说明,语气比because轻得多。Because引导的从句一般放在主句后,有时也可放在主句前,而for引导的句子只能放在后面。另外在回答Why的问句时,只能用because不能用for。再者,for不能跟not.but这一结构连用。I did it not because I liked it but because I had to do it.(正)我做这件事，不是因为我喜欢，而是因为我不得不这样做。I did it not for I

12、 liked it but for I had to do it.(误)（2）so的用法so 表示结果，意为“因此，所以，于是”。These buildings were over 50 years old,so they were not strong enough.这些建筑物已有50多年的寿命，因此不够坚固。It was late,so we went home.天晚了,所以我们就回家去了。He was sick,so they were quiet.他病了,所以他们 很安静。（3）therefore的用法therefore意为“因此,所以”，语气比较文气，多放在分句或句子的前面。It was rather late,so we decided to go home.天相当晚了，因此我们决定回家。Good technique in medicine means less pain and fewer deaths,therefore it is our duty to master it.治疗中采用先进的技术就意味着减少痛苦与死亡，因此掌握先进的技术是我们的职责。He broke the law,therefore he was put into prison.他违犯了法律，因此被投入监狱。