英语：阅读理解主旨归纳解题技巧.ppt

1、Welcome to our class!1、细节理解题、细节理解题(questions of details)2、词义猜测题、词义猜测题(words in context)3、推理判断题、推理判断题(questions of inference)4、主旨归纳题、主旨归纳题(main idea)How to get the main idea?How to get the main idea?主旨归纳题主旨归纳题Question forms:Two types:main idea;topic/title主旨大意题主要考查同学们在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法对文章进

2、行高度概括或总结的能力。多就文章的主要内容、主题或标题进行设问。常见的题干形式如下：大意类：The main idea of the passage is.What is the passage mainly about?标题类：Whats the best title/headline for the passage?The best title for the passage might be.作者意图类：Whats the writers purpose in writing the passage？The authors purpose.is to show.Characteristi

3、cs of this kind of questions:1.该主题是该主题是作者的观点作者的观点（不是他人的观点，（不是他人的观点，不是描写、说明，也不一定是事实）。不是描写、说明，也不一定是事实）。2.一个段落或一篇文章一般主题只能有一个，一个段落或一篇文章一般主题只能有一个，其他的内容都起说明、论证作用。段落中其它其他的内容都起说明、论证作用。段落中其它的句子或文章的其它段落是用来的句子或文章的其它段落是用来解释、支撑或解释、支撑或发展发展主题句所表述的主题思想。主题句所表述的主题思想。3.主旨句一般是下定义，做一个判断，或陈述主旨句一般是下定义，做一个判断，或陈述一个观点。一个观点。干

4、扰项的陷阱 1.以偏概全，干扰项故意片面地理解文章，把文章中出现过的某一个观点当成整篇文章的主题。2.放大或缩小文章的主题，把文章的主题进行放大或者缩小。3.偷换概念，文章讲的主题被换成相关但不同的主题。解题方法解题方法Techniques 1.正向法：速读文章，找主题句或自己概正向法：速读文章，找主题句或自己概括主题，从选项中找出最符合的。括主题，从选项中找出最符合的。2.逆向法：假设题目中的选项为标题，其写逆向法：假设题目中的选项为标题，其写法是否与所给文章一致。法是否与所给文章一致。3.统计法：有些段落文章有多个句子段落，统计法：有些段落文章有多个句子段落，各句段主题可能完全不同，此时应

5、选择涉各句段主题可能完全不同，此时应选择涉及最多的选项。及最多的选项。Lets practiceHow to get the main idea of a paragrapha paragraph?1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness),cancer,cigarette smoking also can cause other hea

6、lth problems.For example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer,cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?（1.5分钟）A.Smoking can cause cancer.B.Smoking is a terrible killer C.Smok

7、ing is harmful to our health.D.An experiment on smoking.Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Practice：2 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent.On the other hand,nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal.And the man who knows“everything”may really only be trying to

8、hide his own weakness.So,it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance.（1分钟）分钟）What is the main idea of the passage?A.A professional criminal looks more innocent than others.B.Dont judge others by appearance.So,it is foolish totry to judge a person only by his appearance 3 If you wer

9、e planning to buy a television set,the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention:“Color TV.Only 79.Two days sale.Hu-rry.”However,when you go to the store ready to buy.You may discover that they are sold out.But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model.A muc

10、h better set which is“just right for you”It costs 395.This sales method is called“bait and switch”.Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement,and then they are switched to another more expensive one.(2.5分分钟钟)The paragraph could be entitled _.A.Buying A TV Set B.A Selling Method C.Buyer Beware D.TV

11、 On Sale This sales method is called“bait and switch”.(detail)(detail)(detail)诱售法诱售法 4 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provide

12、d him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.（2分钟）分钟）The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A.Tom,who had studied at Paris Universities for four years,moved to another university.B.Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School a

13、nd later from Boston College.C.Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D.Tom received an excellent education.detaildetaildetail 5 A couple of years ago I took the family on a winter vacation to New York city to experience the holiday atmosphere.The longest lines that week w

14、erent in the hall of the empire state building,at the Statue of Liberty ferry or any of New Yorks other landmarks,but in the square at Fifth avenue and 58 Street,where the crowd to get into FAO Schwarz(a toy store)snaked around the block.The author wants to tell us _ in this Para.A.the distribution

15、of people.B.the poor traffic conditions.C.the popularity of a toy store D.the nice holiday atmosphere.Types Of Paragraph StructurestypeThe position of the topicInformation wordsAt the beginningAt the endIn the middleNo clear topic sentencefor exampleso,therefore,How to get the main idea of a passage

16、a passage?d e t a i l sParagraph ideasPassage idea6 Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world.It took them more than two years to do so by ship.Magellan was from Portugal,but he sailed for the King of Spain.On September 20,1519,he left Spain with five ships and 240 men.After pas

17、sing the trip of South America,they reached the Pacific Ocean,on which they sailed more than one year.Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water.Many of them died of hunger and diseases.They even had to live on sawdust.Fin

18、ally in April 1521,Magellan got to the Philippine Islands,where he was killed.His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean.It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope.By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521,seven out of every eight men

19、 had died.Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.（4分钟）分钟）Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?A.Magellans death B.Going Around The World C.The World Is Round D.Magellans Voyage Magellans men were the first

20、to make the trip around the world.It took them more than two years to do so by ship.Magellans voyage was the first trip around the world.Magellan was from Portugal,but he sailed for the King of Spain.On September 20,1519,he left Spain with five ships and 240 men.After passing the tip of South Americ

21、a,they reached the Pacific Ocean,on which they sailed more than one year.Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water.Many of them died of hunger and diseases.They even had to live on sawdust.Finally in April 1521,Magellan g

22、ot to the Philippine Islands,where he was killed.His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean.It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope.By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521,seven out of every eight men had died.The process of Mage

23、llans long difficult voyage Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.Magellans voyage proved the earth is round.Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world.It took them more than two years to do so by ship.Magellan was from

24、 Portugal,but he sailed for the King of Spain.On September 20,1519,he left Spain with five ships and 240 men.After passing the tip of South America,they reached the Pacific Ocean,on which they sailed more than one year.Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatl

25、y from the lack of food and fresh water.Many of them died of hunger and diseases.They even had to live on sawdust.Finally in April 1521,Magellan got to the Philippine Islands,where he was killed.His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean.It was with the greatest difficulty that

26、they passed the Cape of Goed Hope.By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521,seven out of every eight men had died.Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.Paragraph 1:Magellans voyage was the first trip around the world.Paragraph

27、 2:The process of Magellans long difficult voyageParagraph 3:Magellans voyaged proved the earth is round.Magellans voyage6 Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world.It took them more than two years to do so by ship.Magellan was from Portugal,but he sailed for the King of Spain.O

28、n September 20,1519,he left Spain with five ships and 240 men.After passing the trip of South America,they reached the Pacific Ocean,on which they sailed more than one year.Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water.Many o

29、f them died of hunger and diseases.They even had to live on sawdust.Finally in April 1521,Magellan got to the Philippine Islands,where he was killed.His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean.It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope.By the time

30、they returned to Spain on December 21,1521,seven out of every eight men had died.Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?A.Magellans death B.Going Around The World C.The World Is Round D.Magellans Voyage(too narrow)(too narrow)(too broad)(proper)TIPSPut yourself in the writers shoes!