高中英语高考复习基础语法考点整理（共七方面）.doc

1、高考英语基础语法考点整理一、名词1.特殊名词的复数:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice,sheep-sheep, species-species, stomach-stomachs, deer-deer, goose-geese,ox-oxen, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, phenomenon-phenomena, means-means,series-series, crisis-crises, basis-bases, German-G

2、ermans, Australian-Australians2.不可数名词:advice, baggage, equipment, information, luggage, furniture, fun, weather,knowledge, jewelry, progress, traffic3.可数不可数均可，但意思不同7arm手臂,arms武器good好处,goods货物green绿色, greens蔬菜paper纸, papers论文sand沙, sands沙滩time时间, times时代water水,waters水域wood木材, woods森林work工作, works著作ex

3、perience经验, experiences经历room空间, rooms房间exercise锻炼, exercises 练习4.只有复数形式的名词trousers, clothes, socks, shorts, goods, thanks,congratulations, belongings, scissors, glasses, wages工资；riches财富；surroundings环境；ashes灰尘；compasses圆规5.复数形式，单数意思的名词plastics, news, politics, physics, mathematics6.复合名词的复数形式:girl-f

4、riends, boy-students, women-teachers, men-workers, passers-by,go-betweens, grown-ups7.谓语动词用复数的名词police,cattle, clothes, goods8.抽象名词具体化为可数名词surprise, cold, pleasure, pity, failure, success, worry, honor, must,difficulty, youth, beauty, wonder, danger, interest9.辅音字母+o结尾复数加-es的名词tomato-tomatoes, potat

5、o-potatoes, hero-heroes10.变“f”或“fe”为“v”之后再加-es为复数形式的名词wife-wives, life-lives, knife-knives, wolf-wolves, self-selves,leaf-leaves, shelf-shelves, thief- thieves11.特殊注意的名词people (民族,人)nature (自然,特性)man(男人,人类)，youth (年轻人,青年男子,青春)12.特殊注意的搭配congratulations祝贺have words with sb. 同某人吵架in high spirits以很高热情地g

6、ive ones regards to sb.向某人问侯in rags衣衫破烂It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事二、动词时态和语态1.常考动词时态(1)三个一般：一般现在时、一般过去式、一般将来时；(2)三个现在：现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时；(3)三个过去：过去进行时、过去完成时，过去完成进行时。2.现在进行时与频度副词always, all the time, forever, constantly, continuously等词连用，往往表赞扬、埋怨、气愤或厌恶等情绪。He is always thinking of his study.(称

7、赞) He is always making the same mistakes.(批评)3.某些表动向和起始的动词begin, come, go, leave, sail, start, arrive, return, dine, end, stop, depart,open, close, sail等，当其表一个按计划、安排下必将进行的动作或出现的状态时(这时都有一个表示未来的时间状语)要用一般现在时代替将来时。I leave for Dalian next Sunday.4.在时间、真实条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，(有时也用现在进行时代替一般将来时，显得更确定)When

8、he comes back, well go shopping together.5.不能用被动语态的几种情况(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。(2)表示状态的动词last, hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean,last, look like, consist of等不能用于被动语态中。(3)表示归属的动词如have, own, belong to等不能用于被动语态之中。(4)表示“希望、意图”的动词如wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等不能用于被动语态之中。(5)宾语是反身代

9、词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等时，谓语动词不用被动语态。6.主动形式表被动意义(1)当feel, look, smell, taste, sound, remain 等后面接形容词时。(2)当break, burn, cook, cut, drive, eat, iron, keep,play, sell, last, open, shut, wear, wash, write, translate, print, run, read,operate 等词带状语修饰语 well, easily, poorly 等时。(3)当动词begi

10、n, finish, start, open, close, stop, run等表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。(4)当break out, take place, shut off, turn off, work out等表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。(5)want, require, need,deserve后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。(6)be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动含义。(7)在“be+形容词+to do”中，(常用于此结构的形容词有：difficult, easy, hard, interesting, pleasant, nice,bit

11、ter, fit, dangerous, light, heavy, important等)不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动表被动。(8)某些不定式：to blame, to seek, to let, to rent等与be连用时 The house is to let.这房子要出租。(9)常见的不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语有：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice,watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from,happe

12、n to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。7.被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况(1)be seated 坐着。如：He is seated on a bench.(He seats himself on abench.)坐在凳子上。(2)be hidden 躲藏。如：He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himselfbehind the door.) 他藏在门后。(3)be lost 迷路。如：Unsaved changes will be lost. 未保存的更改将丢失。(4)be drunk 喝醉。如：He m

13、ust be drunk, or else he is mad. 他准是醉了，不然就是疯了。(5)be dressed 穿着。如：The girl was dressed in a red short skirt. 那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。注意：be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), befinished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get married等都属于被动形式表示主动意义的情况。8.主动变被动时，宾补成主补，作补语的不定式前需用to。如: He was made to work

14、 all day long(by the boss).9.短语动词变被动语态时，勿丢掉后面的介词。如：The children were taken good care of (by her).Yourpronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.10.情态动词和be going to, be to, be sure to, used to, have to, had better 等结构变被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be+过去分词。11.表被动意义的介词短语under examination在审查中under dis

15、cussion在讨论中under repair维修中beyond belief难以置信beyond ones control失控beyond ones reach鞭长莫及/够不着for sale出售for rent出租in print印刷中in sight看得见in use在使用中out of control控制不了out of fashion不流行on sale销售中on show在展出中in the charge of受制于under the leadership of在的领导下等。12.“with +宾语+不定式”结构中，不定式用主动式表被动。With nothing to do, I

16、feel bored.三、非谓语动词1.非谓语动词的各种形式：一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to doto have doneto be doing被动to be doneto have been doneto have been doinging形式主动doinghaving done被动being donehaving been done过去分词被动done2.非谓语动词的否定形式: 在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing3.非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.动名词

17、复合结构：代词宾格或名词所有格+doing (-ing形式作主语时,用代词主格或名词所有格doing)分词独立结构：代词主格或名词+doing /done(句中作状语表时间、原因、伴随、让步、方式等)4.非谓语动词的做题步骤(1)判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词;(2)找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语;(3)判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系;(4)判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前且表被动关系常用 done之后且表主动关系常用to do同时且表主动关

18、系常用doing.5.不定式符号to 的保留问题有时为了避免重复，可以用to 来代替前面的不定式，这种情况出现在下列动词之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget,want, try；或出现在be glad / happy, would like / love 等的后面。如果在省略的不定式结构中含有：be, have, have been这些词要保留。6.在there be 结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的事情本身必须被完成，则用被动形式。如：There is a lot of work

19、to do. (Someone has to dothe work.)There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done.)注意:下面两个句子的含义的不同There is nothing to do. (无事可做，感到十分乏味。)There is nothing to be done. (某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。)7.动名词作主语动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。It is / was no use / good + doing sth.It is / was not any use /

20、good + doing sth.It is / was of little use / good + doing sth.如：It is / was useless 如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。注意:若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致如：Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.眼见为实。8.分词作状语 分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。如：Hearing the news, they got exci

21、ted. (时间)Be careful while / when crossing thestreet. (时间)Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因)Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (条件)The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (结果)Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (让步)The teache

22、r came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴随状况) 9.独立成分有些分词短语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有,Generally speaking 一般说来Frankly speaking 坦白地说Judging from 根据来判断Considering 考虑到To tell you the truth 说实话;10.不定式作表语在seem / appear (似乎,好像), prove/ turn out (被证明是), remain (仍然是,尚待)等连系动词后,可用不定式作表语。如：He seemed (t

23、o be ) very happy.11.动词不定式在介词but, other than 后面时,如果介词之前有行为动词do 的某种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to, 否则就要带to。另外在cant choose but, cant help but, cant but 后面的不定式也要省略to。如: We could do nothing but / other than wait. We have no choice but to wait. I cant choose but laugh.四、形容词1.不规则形容词与副词far, late, old, bad, ill, many, mu

24、ch, good, well,little2.只修饰可数名词few, a few, many, a great/good many, a large numberof3.只修饰不可数名词的有little, a little, much, a large amount of, agreat/good deal of4.可数不可数都可修饰a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of,large quantities of5.be very important= be of great importance6.只作表语的形容词abroad国外的,

25、 afraid害怕的, ahead向前的, alike相似的, alive在世的, asleep睡着的, awake醒着的, fond喜欢的7.习惯后置的形容词enough充足的, included包括的, present出席的, left剩下的, involved有关的, abroad国外的, afraid害怕的, ahead向前的, alike相似的, alive在世的, asleep睡着的, awake醒着的, deep深的, long长的, high高的, thick厚的, old老的, thin薄的, wide宽的, narrow窄的, junior年少的, senior年长的8.形

26、似副词的形容词friendlymanlywomanlybrotherlysisterlywifelycomradelyhusbandly,timelyhourlydailyweeklyyearlymonthlyquarterlyearlysillyugly,lovelylikelylivelylonelysicklyhomelyworldly五、副词1.有无-ly意思不同的副词wide宽的, widely广泛地deep深的, deeply深刻地high高的, highly高度地direct直接地, directly立刻close亲近的, closely紧密地near附近, nearly几乎ha

27、rd难, hardly几乎不most大多数, mostly 主要地dear可爱, dearly非常late迟, lately最近bad坏, badly非常low低的, lowly卑贱地fine很好地, finely细微地easy小心, easily容易地sharp恰好, sharply急剧地pretty相当, prettily漂亮地2.形容词变副词时的拼写变化particular-particularly特别的, beautiful-beautifully美丽的, possible-possibly可能的, true-truly真实的, full-fully满的, scientific-sci

28、entifically科学的, easy-easily容易的, good-well好的3.无比较等级的形容词或副词alive, asleep, aloud, awake, foreign, main, final, junior, complete,double, square, correct, enough, fearless, alone, total, empty, right, wrong,impossible, favourite, excellent, last, perfect, whole, superior (优越), inferior(较劣的), unique(唯一的),

29、 wooden(木制的) , senior(高级的)六、代词1.不定代词:allany,nonebotheitherneitherotheranothersomeanylittlefewsomething,anythingnothingsomebody,oneanybody/onenobodyno one等2.替代词:it,one,onesthatthose3.习惯接oneself的动词:abandon放弃absent.from缺席amuse娱乐apply应用carry携带commit提交concern关注conduct表现content使满足devote奉献dress穿衣enjoy享受exc

30、use借口feel感觉forget忘记help帮助hurt伤害losein使沉溺于pride upon以自豪shave刮胡子suggest建议value.on重视4.相互代词：each other, one another5.指示代词：this, that, these, those, such, same6.复合不定代词被形容词所修饰时，形容词须放在它们的后面。如：nothing wrong没有毛病7.whatever, whoever,whichever等词可引导名词性从句,也可引导表示让步的状语从句。8.this和that有时作状语用，表示程度，意谓这么和那么。如：this thick这

31、么厚, that much那么多9.少数前有冠词的代词。the other, the others, a few, a little10.常用于“疑问词+不定式”结构的动词advise建议answer回答ask问beg乞求consider考虑convince说服decide决定discover发现doubt怀疑explain解释find找到forget忘记guess猜hear听到imagine想know知道learn学习persuade说服pray祈祷promise承诺remember记得remind提醒see看到show显示suggest建议teach教tell告诉think认为unders

32、tand理解want想要warn警告wire拍电报write写wonder想知道七、从句1.名词性从句当从句的结构与意义都完整，说话人语气坚定用that，有疑问用whether/if当从句的结构完整，意义不完整，缺状语用where,when,why,how, 缺定语用whose或which当从句的结构不完整，缺主宾表，说事用what，说人用who, whom2.形容词性从句(定语从句)当从句的结构不完整，缺主宾表，说事用that /which，说人用that/who/whom当从句的结构完整，意义不完整，缺状语用where(in/on+which), when(in/on/at/during+

33、which), why(for+which)当从句的结构不完整，缺定语用whose(=of which/whom +the+n. = the+n.+of which/whom)3.副容词性从句(状语从句)时间状语 when, whenever, while, as,before, after, until, till, by the time, as soon as, hardlywhen, nosoonerthan, the moment, the second, the minute, immediately, directly, instantly地点状语 where, wherever

34、原因状语 because, as, since, now that条件状语 if, unless, once, in case, as long as, on condition that目的状语 so that, in order that, for fear that结果状语 sothat, suchthat比较状语 than, asas, not so/asas, themorethe more方式状语 as if, as though, as让步状语 though, although, even if,even though, as, no matter what, whatever, no matter who, whoever, no matterwhich, whichever, no matter how, however, no matter when, whenever