专升本英译汉课件.ppt

1、（下）（下）第一节：分译与合译第一节：分译与合译第二节：被动语态的译法第二节：被动语态的译法第三节：名词从句的译法第三节：名词从句的译法第四节第四节:定语从句的译法定语从句的译法第五节：状语从句的译法第五节：状语从句的译法第一节第一节分分 译译 与与 合合 译译 分译分译1)So I swam and,presumably because of the long absence of foreigners from Sichuan,before an undeservedly large and enthusiastic audience.合合 译译2)When someone asks me

2、 what business I am in,I become embarrassed.I stutter and stammer.My face feels hot.I分译法的使用分译法的使用 A单词的分译单词的分译 (1)形容词形容词3.H e i s h a v i n g a n identifiable trouble with his teeth.4.The day dawned misty and overcast.5.As a shy young visitor to Einsteins home,I was made to feel at ease when Einstein

3、 said,”I have something to show you.”(2)副词副词 6.Frankly,are you interested in going?7.Not surprisingly,those who were praised improved dramatically.8.Characterically,Mr.Harold concealed his feelings and watched and learned.（3）动词）动词 9.We recognize and share Chinas resolve to resist the attempts of any

4、 nation which seeks to establish global or regional hegemony.（4）名词）名词10.She left home a child and came back a mother of three children.11.As a secret training base for a revolutionary new plane,it was an excellent site,its remoteness effectively masking its activity.B短语分译短语分译（1）分词短语）分词短语12.He was dr

5、essed,sitting by the fire,looking a very sick and miserable boy of nine years.13.He handed me my d r a f t o f t h e p l a n completely modified.（2）介词短语）介词短语14.The fire started during the workmens dinner hour.15.With all his faults,I like him.（3）名词短语）名词短语16.Alice,normally a timid girl,argued heatedl

6、y with them about it.17.You should consult your advisor,Dr.John H.Olson,Room 125D Science Wing,P h o n e 7 1 5 2 3 2-2 6 0 4,concerning the planning of your program.C长句分译长句分译 18.But underneath the sympathetic talk,they actually feel a little wistful envy of the men who brave the winds,rain,snow,cold

7、,and storms upon the restless water.19.A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they havent.20.We have nothing to do with David Swan until we find him at the age of twenty on t

8、he main road from his home to the City of Boston where his uncle,a businessman,is going to give him work in the store which he owns.II合译法的使用合译法的使用 A将两个或两个以上的英语简将两个或两个以上的英语简单句合译为一个汉语单句单句合译为一个汉语单句 21.It was 2 a.m.on a hot August night.In a San Francisco suburb,a man staggered out of a bar.22.People ar

9、e the same everywhere.They are born.They are babies.They are children.They are adults.They grow old.They die.B将英语的并列句合译为汉语将英语的并列句合译为汉语单句单句 23.Her dress was grey and plain,but it fitted her body nicely.C将英语的主从复合句译为汉将英语的主从复合句译为汉语单句语单句 24.Thats the only thing we can do now.25.Thats why you should put o

10、ne item of information on each of information card.D将两个或两个以上的英语将两个或两个以上的英语简单句合译为汉语的一个联简单句合译为汉语的一个联合复句合复句26.Pitcher was a quiet man.He didnt usually let his face show his feelings.第二节第二节被被 动动 语语 态态 的的 译译 法法I英语被动语态的用法英语被动语态的用法A不必或者无法说明主动不必或者无法说明主动者是谁者是谁1.This book has been translated into several fore

11、ign language.B谈话的中心是承受谈话的中心是承受者而不是主动者者而不是主动者2.The machine here are all made in China.C出于礼貌，不愿说明谁出于礼貌，不愿说明谁是主动者是主动者3.Im flattered.D为了使句子易于安排为了使句子易于安排4.Unfortunately,their plan failed and were mercilessly c r i t i c i z e d b y t h e i r opponents.II被动语态的译法被动语态的译法 A英文原句的被动语态可英文原句的被动语态可以译成带有以译成带有“被被”、

12、“受受”、“由由”等词的汉语被动结构等词的汉语被动结构5.Both the father and the son were thrown into prison.6.Wherever she went,the princess was welcomed with great enthusiasm.7.The children were taken care of by their grandparents when we were away.B.绝不滥用绝不滥用“被被”字字 This book was written in 1912.（1）译成主动式）译成主动式8.This project s

13、hould be finished as soon as possible.9.This must be made clear to everybody.10.This issue is not much talked about in China.11.She is dressed in red.12.We are convinced that our team will win.13.The gun is loaded.14.The gun was quickly loaded again.1 5.U n i v e r s i t y o f Electronic Science and

14、 Technology of China is located in the eastern part of Chengdu City.（2）译成无主语的句子）译成无主语的句子16.Smoking(is)prohibited.17.It is said that the old man is a millionaire.18.It is well known that Hong Kong has been part of China since ancient times.It is reported that It is supposed that It is hoped that It m

15、ust be pointed out that It must be admitted thatIt must be admitted that It is believed thatIt is believed that It is generally considered It is generally considered thatthatIt will be said thatIt will be said thatIt was told thatIt was told that(3)(3)译成其他特定的汉语句译成其他特定的汉语句型型19.We19.We were very much

16、were very much impressed byimpressed by what she what she had said.had said.20.Everybody in the room 20.Everybody in the room was was shocked byshocked by his thundering his thundering voice.voice.21.The downtown area of 21.The downtown area of TokyoTokyo was practically was practically destroyeddes

17、troyed by the earthquake.by the earthquake.22.They22.They got married got married last last Sunday.Sunday.2 3.J a c k2 3.J a c k g o t c a u g h t g o t c a u g h t slipping a note to Lisa slipping a note to Lisa during the exam.during the exam.第三节第三节名名 词词 从从 句句 的的 译译 法法I I主语从句的译法主语从句的译法1)“1)“主语从句主语

18、从句+主句谓语主句谓语+其他成分其他成分”2)“2)“形式主语形式主语it+it+主句谓主句谓语语+主语从句主语从句”A.A.第一种句型一般用顺第一种句型一般用顺译法译法 1 1That she survived That she survived the earthquake is sheer the earthquake is sheer luck.luck.2.Who ever breaks the 2.Who ever breaks the regulations deserves a regulations deserves a fine.fine.3.Which result is

19、 correct 3.Which result is correct remains to be studied.remains to be studied.4.What little she said has 4.What little she said has left us much to think about.left us much to think about.5.That he was in error will 5.That he was in error will scarcely be disputed by his scarcely be disputed by his

20、 warmest friends.warmest friends.B.B.翻译第二种句型的句子，翻译第二种句型的句子，需省译形式主语需省译形式主语itit（1 1）顺译）顺译 6.It hasnt been made clear 6.It hasnt been made clear when the new expressway is when the new expressway is to be opened to traffic.to be opened to traffic.7.It occurred to him that he 7.It occurred to him that h

21、e had forgotten to take his had forgotten to take his notebook with him.notebook with him.（2 2）倒译）倒译8.It doesnt matter 8.It doesnt matter where we are going on where we are going on holiday.holiday.9.Has it been announced 9.Has it been announced when the planes are to when the planes are to take off

22、?take off?（3 3）顺译或倒译，两者均可）顺译或倒译，两者均可10.It is common knowledge 10.It is common knowledge that the whale is not a that the whale is not a fish.fish.（4 4）主从合译）主从合译 11.11.It is probableIt is probable that he that he has got the clue for solving has got the clue for solving the problem.the problem.12.12.

23、It seems It seems that that datum that that datum is quite convincing.is quite convincing.It is advisable thatIt is advisable that It is desirable thatIt is desirable that It is evident thatIt is evident that It is noteworthy thatIt is noteworthy that It is assumed thatIt is assumed that It cannot b

24、e denied thatIt cannot be denied that It is preferred thatIt is preferred that It is reported thatIt is reported that It is said thatIt is said that It can be seen from this thatIt can be seen from this that It is well-known thatIt is well-known that It is a fact thatIt is a fact that It is no wonde

25、r thatIt is no wonder that II.II.表语从句的译法表语从句的译法A A翻译表语从句一般用顺翻译表语从句一般用顺译法译法13.This is what we are 13.This is what we are firmly against.firmly against.14.Things are not always 14.Things are not always as they seem to be.as they seem to be.15.That is why we decided 15.That is why we decided to put the

26、 discussion off.to put the discussion off.B B有时可将主从句合译有时可将主从句合译16.There is no air and 16.There is no air and w a t e r o n t h e m o o n.w a t e r o n t h e m o o n.Thats whyThats why no living no living things can live there.things can live there.1717.That was how.That was how they they were defeat

27、ed.were defeated.C C有时可用倒译有时可用倒译18.Raw material is18.Raw material is what what we are badly in need ofwe are badly in need of.IIIIII宾语从句的译法宾语从句的译法 A A英语的宾语从句有三种：翻英语的宾语从句有三种：翻译宾语从句一般都用顺译法译宾语从句一般都用顺译法 19.I cant make out what 19.I cant make out what they are talking about.they are talking about.20.She

28、reminded me that I 20.She reminded me that I had a meeting to attend that had a meeting to attend that evening.evening.21.He was not conscious of 21.He was not conscious of what an important discovery what an important discovery he had made.he had made.22.You may be sure that he 22.You may be sure t

29、hat he is honest.is honest.23.We are certain that 23.We are certain that well be able to accomplish well be able to accomplish the designing in a short the designing in a short period of time.period of time.B B介词宾语从句有时采用倒介词宾语从句有时采用倒译法译法24.Did she say anything 24.Did she say anything aboutabout how t

30、he work was to how the work was to be donebe done?C Citit作形式宾语时作形式宾语时,应将形应将形式宾语省译，而宾语从句则式宾语省译，而宾语从句则按汉语表达习惯要么用倒译按汉语表达习惯要么用倒译要么用顺译要么用顺译25.We all thought it a 25.We all thought it a pity pity that the conference that the conference s h o u l d h a v e b e e n s h o u l d h a v e b e e n cancelled.canc

31、elled.26.The teacher made it 26.The teacher made it clear to the students clear to the students that they must hand in that they must hand in their compositions by their compositions by Friday.Friday.IVIV同位语从句的译法同位语从句的译法 A A用顺译法将同位语从句用顺译法将同位语从句译为汉语的独立句，并根据译为汉语的独立句，并根据具体情况在前面加冒号、破具体情况在前面加冒号、破折号或加折号或加

32、“即即”等表同位关等表同位关系的词系的词2727Then arose the Then arose the question question where we were where we were to get the materials to get the materials neededneeded 28.In July 1898,Madame 28.In July 1898,Madame Curie and her husband got a Curie and her husband got a great success great success that they that

33、they discovered the radioactive discovered the radioactive element,polonium.element,polonium.29.29.The name“volcano”The name“volcano”indicates the belief of the indicates the belief of the ancient Greeks ancient Greeks that the that the b u r n i n g h i l l s o f t h e b u r n i n g h i l l s o f t

34、 h e Mediterranean were the Mediterranean were the w o r k s h o p s o f d i v i n e w o r k s h o p s o f d i v i n e blacksmith,Vulcan.blacksmith,Vulcan.30.30.Can you produce any Can you produce any evidence that he was evidence that he was not at home that night?not at home that night?B B用倒译法将同位语

35、从用倒译法将同位语从句译为前置修饰语句译为前置修饰语 31.31.There was little There was little probabilityprobability that they that they would succeed.would succeed.32.32.Any proposals that Any proposals that John should be dismissedJohn should be dismissed must be resisted.must be resisted.C.C.用转换法将同位语从句转用转换法将同位语从句转译为汉语的复合结构

36、作宾语译为汉语的复合结构作宾语33.33.This This thought thought came to came to himhim that maybe he had that maybe he had left his keys in the left his keys in the bedroom.bedroom.34.34.Is this not another Is this not another proof proof that the so-called dtente that the so-called dtente is just empty talk?is just

37、 empty talk?35.He gave the35.He gave the order that order that all the prisoners be set all the prisoners be set freefree.36.36.The story goesThe story goes t h a t t h e t h a t t h e expedition was a expedition was a failure.failure.第四节第四节定定 语语 从从 句句 的的 译译 法法I I常用翻译方法常用翻译方法A A倒译法对限制性和非限倒译法对限制性和非限制

38、性定语从句都适用制性定语从句都适用1.Those 1.Those who want to gowho want to go please sign their names please sign their names here.here.2.James Russll2.James Russll is a man is a man for whom I have the for whom I have the greatest respectgreatest respect.3.Go back further,to a 3.Go back further,to a world world wh

39、ere the steam where the steam e n g i n e a n d a l l i e d e n g i n e a n d a l l i e d inventions had not yet inventions had not yet enabled industrialization.enabled industrialization.4.The way 4.The way you answered you answered t h e q u e s t i o n st h e q u e s t i o n s w a s w a s admirab

40、le.admirable.5.The speech,5.The speech,which he which he had written on little had written on little bits of paper,bits of paper,seemed seemed endless.endless.B B 分译法分译法 当定语从句较长，或先行词有较多的前当定语从句较长，或先行词有较多的前置定语时，把定语从句分译为单独的句置定语时，把定语从句分译为单独的句子子 重复关系代词所指代的含义重复关系代词所指代的含义 省译关系词省译关系词（1 1）重复关系词所指代的含义）重复关系词所指

41、代的含义6.H e i s w i t h h i s youngest brother,who is accompanying him on his tour in China.7.I have to book ahead 7.I have to book ahead for for concerts,whichconcerts,which are are usually held in London.usually held in London.8.The critical value is expressed as =(S-1)(1-P)where Swhere S is specifi

42、c is specific gravity of material,gravity of material,P P is is percentage of voids in percentage of voids in material expressed as a material expressed as a decimal.decimal.9.T h e T a r t a r c h i e f 9.T h e T a r t a r c h i e f controls controls a thousand men,a thousand men,all of whomall of

43、whom must obey his must obey his orders in both war and orders in both war and peace.peace.10.Im looking at a 10.Im looking at a p h o t o g r a p h o f N e w p h o t o g r a p h o f N e w OrleansOrleans jazz jazz group group which which I used to play in.I used to play in.（2 2）省译关系词）省译关系词11.Isaac A

44、simov was a 11.Isaac Asimov was a productive writer who productive writer who wrote over two hundred wrote over two hundred books all his life.books all his life.12.He said that he liked 12.He said that he liked reading,reading,whichwhich I was glad to I was glad to hear.hear.13.On the ground floor

45、he 13.On the ground floor he had a store had a store wherewhere he sold he sold canned goods.canned goods.C.C.主从合译法主从合译法 主句和定语从句压缩译成汉语的一个单句 there be句型14.14.There are many foreign There are many foreign tourists whotourists who want to want to visit the Great Wall.visit the Great Wall.15.15.There is

46、no reason whyThere is no reason why he shouldnt come.he shouldnt come.16.16.He has been suffering He has been suffering from a kind of disease from a kind of disease for which for which the cure is the cure is possible.possible.17.That was the way she 17.That was the way she looked after us.looked a

47、fter us.IIII特殊句法结构特殊句法结构 A A 分隔型定语从句分隔型定语从句 （1 1）先行词与定语从句之）先行词与定语从句之间有另一个作定语的短语间有另一个作定语的短语18.He lived in the house 18.He lived in the house near us near us whichwhich was wrecked.was wrecked.19.There is 19.There is no habitno habit so so old old butbut may be cured by may be cured by a strong willpo

48、wer.a strong willpower.（2 2）句子的状语较短，而）句子的状语较短，而修饰宾语的定语从句较长修饰宾语的定语从句较长20.I put 20.I put the booksthe books in in the cupboard the cupboard whichwhich you you read yesterday.read yesterday.（3 3）先行词是主句的主语，）先行词是主句的主语，而主句的谓语较短而主句的谓语较短 21.21.A warA war broke out broke out which which lasted for forty year

49、slasted for forty years.22.Hardly 22.Hardly a mana man came to the came to the exhibition exhibition butbut was deeply was deeply impressed by the originality impressed by the originality of his works.of his works.B B双重限制性定语从句双重限制性定语从句两个定语从句修饰同一个两个定语从句修饰同一个先行词先行词 23.There was one thing he 23.There w

50、as one thing he told me which I dont told me which I dont believe.believe.24.Cay you mention anyone 24.Cay you mention anyone that we know who is so that we know who is so talented as he?talented as he?C C复杂型定语从句复杂型定语从句 25.Standing by a fine model 25.Standing by a fine model of FujiYamaof FujiYama w