时态教学讲解课件.ppt

1、English Basic Tenses(时态时态)他昨天他昨天来来了了.他已经他已经来来了了.他明天他明天来来.汉语借助汉语借助词汇手段词汇手段而非词的形态变化来表示而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生动作的发生,而英语主要通过而英语主要通过谓语动词时态谓语动词时态变化变化来表现来表现.任何句子都要先注意任何句子都要先注意时态时态.He came yesterday.He has come.He will come tomorrow.一般过去时一般过去时(The Simple Past Tense)一般现在时一般现在时(The Simple Present tense 一般将来时一般将来时(Th

2、e Simple Future Tense)现在进行时现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense)过去进行时过去进行时(The Past Continuous Tense)现在完成时现在完成时(The Present Perfect Tense)过去完成时过去完成时(The Past Perfect Tense)过去将来时过去将来时(The Simple Past Future Tense)How did you spend your childhood?(3 sentences or more,使用实意动使用实意动词和系动词词和系动词,注意动词形式变化注意动词形式变

3、化)Example:I _(spend)my childhood happily with my old friends.We always _(play)football and basketball together and we _(not)have so much homework to do as now.We _(be)happy at that time.spentplayed didntwere1 一般过去时一般过去时(The Simple Past Tense)1.结构结构:谓动用动词过去式谓动用动词过去式2.用法用法:在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的在过去时间里所发生的动作

4、或存在的状态。状态。常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。如如 yesterday,last week,an hour ago,in 1982等。等。How is your daily life as a high school student?(3 sentences or more,使用实意动词和系动词使用实意动词和系动词,注意动词形式变化注意动词形式变化)二二.一般现在时一般现在时(The Present Indefinite)1.结构结构:主语为第三人称单数主语为第三人称单数,谓动要变化谓动要变化,其其余人称用原形余人称用原形.I study hard eve

5、ry day and I get along well with my classmates,but sometimes I miss my families.2.用法用法:1)经常性或习惯性经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如间状语连用，如often/usually,every,sometimes,at,on Sunday。2)表示不受时间限制的表示不受时间限制的科学事实或客观真理科学事实或客观真理。The earth moves around the sun.3)表示已安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作表示已安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态

6、或存在的状态,一般用于一般用于be,come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,return等动词中，常与时等动词中，常与时间状语连用如：间状语连用如：The meeting starts at 2:00 p.m.Dad said to me,“I will buy a computer for you if you can pass the exam.”Dad told me(that)he _ (buy)a computer for me if I could pass the exam.would buy3.一般将来时1.1.一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来

7、注一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注定要发生的事情。定要发生的事情。2.2.表示将来时的四种形式表示将来时的四种形式will/shall+will/shall+动词原形动词原形be going to do be going to do be about to do(be about to do(正要干什么正要干什么)be to do be to do be going to be going to 有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而willwill表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。性。-The teleph

8、one is ringing.-The telephone is ringing.-I _ answer it.-I _ answer it.A.will B.am going to C.am to D.am about toA.will B.am going to C.am to D.am about to -Alice,why didnAlice,why didnt you come yesterday?t you come yesterday?-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor

9、.A.had B.would C.was going to D.did A.had B.would C.was going to D.did be going to be going to 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will will 不能表示不能表示 Look at the clouds!ItLook at the clouds!Its going to rain.s going to rain.3.be to3.be to和和be going to be going to 表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作

10、。生的动作。be to do be to do 安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时有时=be going to=be going tobe to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事.be going to be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.

11、Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.4 4be about to do be about to do 表示表示“正要干什么正要干什么”，表示即将发生的动作，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用不与表示将来的时间状语连用。常与常与when when 连用，连用，when when 此时意思：此时意思：就在这时，是并列连就在这时，是并列连词词 构成句型：构成句型：be about to do be about to do whenwhen.I I was about to was about to leave leave when w

12、hen it rained.it rained.特别注意特别注意（1 1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。等时刻表中安排好的。The plane leaves tomorrow.(The plane leaves tomorrow.(尽管有尽管有tomorrow,tomorrow,但没有但没有will,be going to)will,be going to)（2 2）某些瞬间动词某些瞬间动词“go,come,arrive,leave,start,go,come,arrive,leave,start,begin,fly,tak

13、e begin,fly,take”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。作。I Ive won a holiday for two to Floria.I _my mum.ve won a holiday for two to Floria.I _my mum.A.am taking B.have taken C.take D.will have A.am taking B.have taken C.take D.will have been been 四四.过去将来时过去将来时(The past future simple Tense)1.用法用法:过去将来时表示立

14、足于过去某一时间看过去将来时表示立足于过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用于宾语从句常用于宾语从句中中.2.结构结构:1)Should/would+动词原形动词原形The boy promised he would work hard.I told my parents I should return early.2).其他形式其他形式 was(were)going to was(were)to +动词原形动词原形 was(were)about to犹如 pictureHow will you spend your Spring Festival holid

15、ay?I willIm going to三三.一般将来时一般将来时(The Simple Future Tense)1.will/be going to do2.be+to do，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to have an exam this week.3.be about to do,表示马上做某事表示马上做某事,不能与明确不能与明确表示将来的时间状语连用表示将来的时间状语连用.He is about to leave for Beijing.What are they doing now?They are having a class.四四

16、.现在进行时现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense)2.用法用法：1)表示现在表示现在(指说话时指说话时)正在发生的事情。正在发生的事情。We are having English class now.2)表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作,但说但说话时动作未必正在进行。话时动作未必正在进行。She is learning piano under Mr.Smith.1.结构结构:be(am,are,is)+doing3)现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动作动作,多用于表示移动的动词多用于表示移动的动

17、词,如如:come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay.I m leaving tomorrow.Are you staying here till next week?五五.过去进行时过去进行时(The Past Continuous Tense)1.结构：结构：was/were+doing2.用法用法:表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态。作或状态。常用的时间状语常用的时间状语at ten yesterday,from nine to ten last evening,when,whileEnglish,boring or funn

18、y?六六.现在完成时现在完成时(The present Perfect Tense)1.结构结构:have(has)+过去分词过去分词2.用法用法:1).现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态续到现在的动作或状态,通常用于延续性动词通常用于延续性动词.常常与表示延续性的时间状语连用与表示延续性的时间状语连用,如如:so far,up to now,recently,in the past 6 years,since,for 等等等等 I have lived in Zhuhai for 3 years.2).表示发生在过去的某一动作表示

19、发生在过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响对现在造成的影响或结果或结果,常用的时间状语有常用的时间状语有:just,already,yet,ever,never,once等等等等.We have finished our lunch already.Have you ever tried this method?比较一般过去时与现在完成时比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1).一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态在的状态,不涉及对现在的影响不涉及对现在的影响；现在完成；现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或状态时表示发生在过去的动作或状态一直延续到一直延续到现在现在,

20、或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响。My family lived in Zhuhai ten years ago.（现在不在了（现在不在了)My family have lived in Zhuhai for 10 years.(目前还在珠海目前还在珠海)2).过去时常过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与而现在完成时通常与不确定的不确定的或或包括现在在内包括现在在内的时间状语连用，或无时间状语的时间状语连用，或无时间状语.I studied in Zhongshan university in 2000.(

21、2000年表示具体的过去时间）年表示具体的过去时间）I have studied in Zhongshan university since 2000.(since 2000表示从表示从2000年至今年至今,包包括现在在内括现在在内)I have just bought an apartment.(just表示不表示不确定的时间状语）确定的时间状语）注意：注意：非延续性动词的非延续性动词的否定形式否定形式可以与表示延续时间可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。的。I have received his letter for a m

22、onth.（错）（错）I havent received his letter for almost a month.（对）（对）比较比较since和和for since+时间点时间点,用来说明动作起始时间用来说明动作起始时间 for+时间段时间段,用来说明动作延续时间长度。用来说明动作延续时间长度。I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.七七.过去完成时过去完成时(The past perfect Tense)1.结构结构:had+过去分词过去分词2.概念：表示过去的过去概

23、念：表示过去的过去-|-|-|-过去之前过去之前 过去现在将来过去现在将来 You graduated(毕业毕业)from Junior Middle School in July 2009.You had stayed there for 3 years when you graduated.When the police arrived,the thieves _(run away).When I came into the classroom,my dear students _(begin)reading.had run awayhad begun最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用

24、的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在一般现在every,sometimes,at,on Sunday,often 现在进行现在进行now,现在完成现在完成for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in the past years,always,recently 一般过去一般过去yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,just now 过去进行过去进行this morning,the whole morning,all day,yesterday,from

25、 nine to ten last evening when,while 过去完成过去完成before,by,until,when,after,once,as soon as 一般将来一般将来next,tomorrow,in 过去将来过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作动作Exercises1.I usually _ up at 6:00,but yesterday I _ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _ up at 6:30.(get)2.Listen!Someone _(knock)at the door.3.

26、I _(be)in Beijing for two years.4.How often _ Andy _(surf)the internet?5.He fell asleep while he _(read)a book.getwill getgotis knocking have been doessurfwas reading6.I _ never _(hear)of that man before.7.My brother often _(go)for walks last summer.8.Lily said she _(put)on the new dress the next da

27、y.9._ the story _(happen)in London in 1949?10.What _ his mother _(do)when he opened the door?haveheardwentwould Did happenwasdoing11.If it _(not rain)tomorrow,they _(go)fishing.12._ your mother _ the piano every Sunday?13.They _(not)call you the day after tomorrow.14.Tom _(work)there since two years

28、 ago.15.By the time I _(walk)into the classroom,the teacher _(start)teaching.doesnt rainwill go Does has workedwont walkedhad startedplay Jenny Jenny _(be)a foreign girl.She _(come)from the United States.Look,she _(draw)pictures in the living room.Two years ago,her parents _(move)to China.Jenny _(no

29、t have)any friends,so she _(feel)lonely.But now,she _(have)many Chinese friends and _(study)with them everyday.Jenny _(visit)her grandparents in the United States next month.iscomesis drawingmoveddidnt havefelthasstudieswill visit an empty street an empty housea hole inside heartIm all alone and the

30、 roomsare getting smallerI wonder how i wonder whyI wonder where they arethe days we hadthe songs we sang togetherand oh!my love Im holding on foreverreaching for a lovethat seems so farso i say a litter prayerno my dream will take me therewhere the skies are blue to see youonce again my loveOne goo

31、d turn deserves another I _(have)dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in.Tony _(work)in a lawyers office years ago,but he _(work)at a bank now.He _(get)a good salary,but he always _(borrow)money from his friends and never _(pay)it back.Tony _(see)me and _(come)and _(sit)at the same table.He _ never _(borrow)money from me.While he _(eat),I _(ask)him to lend me twenty pounds.To my surprise,he _(give)me the money immediately.I have never borrowed any money from you,Tony said,so now you can pay for my dinner!was havingworkedis workingaskedsawcamehassatgavewas eatingborrowsgetspaysborrowed