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    新概念 英语 第三 笔记 34
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    1、Lesson 34 A happy discovery 幸运的发现New words and expression 生词和短语antique n. 古董,古玩fascination n. 魅力,迷惑力= the power of fascinating 常与 for/over/on 连用Fascinate v.迷住,吸引住(深深吸引) (to attract or interest sb very much)Fascination n.1、C 魔力 , 魅力,极大的吸引力 2、 U入迷、着迷 for/ with sth/sbsth hold a fascination for sb: attr

    2、act or fascinate sb = sb have/has a fascination for sthFascinating(adj.令人着迷的,迷人的,极有吸引力的) - Sweet music is fascinating.Fascinated(adj.感到着迷的) be fascinated by sth (被什么迷住了 ) be fascinated to do sthBe fascinated with 迷上了 - He is fascinated with music. - He is fascinated with chess. / Are you fascinated

    3、with English?Be crazy about 着迷于 - He is crazy about music.Be mad about 着迷于 - He is mad about music.Like, Love, Be fond of 喜欢- The boy is fond of football.have fascination for sb 固定句势结构-Cats have unfailing fascination for most people.-Chinese Art has great fascination for me.fascinate: attract or int

    4、erest very strongly 使着迷,常用被动形式-Cats never fail to fascinate human being.-English never fail to fascinate students.fascinated by / with sth-He is fascinated with chess.-The students were fascinated by his idea.Charm 比 fascinate 语气要弱-The beautiful picture charms me.-I am charmed by the beautiful pictu

    5、re.Captivate 迷惑 ,使着迷 (往往用被动语态)-His idea captivated me.Enchant 使迷醉 ,用魔法迷惑 ,使心醉,使喜悦be enchanted by / be enchanted with -She was enchanted by the flower you sent her.Fascinate / charm / captivate / enchant 后接加 ing 变成形容词Fascinating / charming / captivating / enchanting-She is a charming girl. -Cats are

    6、fascinating animals. -The flowers are enchanting.Winning 吸引人的,主要指物品-The beautiful dresses is winning.Forbidding adj. 望而生畏的,望而却步的=having a unfriendly or danger look.-He has got a forbidding appearance. a forbidding look 令人畏惧的眼神 a forbidding task 困难的任务Forbid 不允许Forbid sb to do sth -The father forbad h

    7、is children to touch the clavichord.Forbid doing sth -Smoking is forbidden here.第 1 页The Forbidden City 紫禁城 Forbidden fruit 禁果 Forbidden zone 禁区Frobi ddance 名词 prohibition 名词ban 语气最强,指权威机关明文取消或禁止严重危害公众利益的事或行为,隐含道义上的谴责意味。ban: to say that sth must not be done 明令禁止,绝对不能做某事eg. Smoking is banned in the b

    8、uilding. Ban doing sth 一般用被动eg. His driving license was suspended and he was banned from driving for 3 mons. Ban sb from doing sth 常被动forbid 通俗用语,指直接地、面对面吩咐不许他人采取某种行动。政府或私人下令以禁止 -Swimming isforbidden hereprohibit 正式用词,多指通过法律手段或制订规则加以禁止。官方明令禁止 -The law prohibits youngpeople under 18 from going to bar

    9、. prohibit sb from doing sth=keep sb from doing=prevent sb from doing sthInterdict : ?nt?d?kt n&v 1、法律或教会所不允许( (法庭)禁令; (天主教)禁罚) 2、阻断 ; 封锁 美国英语 正式(使用武力等) 作为封锁时, bar 也可以,用木条封锁隐身出的,阅读中可能出现。declare a ban on 宣布禁止eg. Declare a global ban on nuclear tests. 宣布全球范围内禁止核试验。boycott b ?k ?t 联合抵制购买 (to refuse to

    10、buy sth; use sth or take part in sth as a way of protesting)eg. Animal lovers boycott all products tested on animals. 联合抵制购买任何以动物做实验的产品。embargo n&vt 禁止与某国有贸易往来,禁运,封港( to stop trade with another country by an official order )eg: an arms embargo The fruit was embargoed.Muster v. 鼓起 本意是 vt&vi&n 召集,聚集,集

    11、合 由聚集起来,引申出,鼓起勇气之类的Collect / summon (summon 的本意一般是人, 幽王烽火戏诸侯, 欧洲国王召集领主, 亚瑟王召集圆桌骑士,同 collect 一样,引申出 努力拥有 (某特质 ); 鼓起 (勇气、力气 )的意思)Muster up / Collect up / summon up = gather / pluck up / keep up 鼓起,振奋 muster up courage 鼓起勇气 muster up support 请求支持muster up energy 鼓足精力 muster up spirit 打起精神-He mustered u

    12、p his courage and walked up to the girl.Pluck pl ?k 1 、采摘 书面 2、拔; 扯 书面 3、弹 ; 拨 (乐器) 4、拔除 (禽类的羽毛 ) 5、(用镊子 ) 拔 (眉毛)Pretentious pr ?ten?s adj. 自命不凡的, 做作的, 矫饰的(虚伪的 ) -We wont like to visit the pretentiousshop.记忆方法( pretend- pretentious )pretentious language 浮华的语言 pretentious speech 华而不实的演讲ostentations ,

    13、?stente?s adj.(贬)夸耀和爱卖弄的(招摇的;卖弄的;惹人注目的) 八级,文学用词a pompous, ostentations professor 一个自大而又夸耀学识的教授put on airs 摆架子strike a pose 装腔作势 put up a big front 摆阔Labyrinth l?b( ?)r?nn. 迷宫Labyrinthine ,l?b ?r?nna?adj. 迷宫的;复杂的Maze 迷宫 (小孩玩的玩具,或者灌木做的迷宫)a maze of streets 错综复杂的马路 a maze of paths 错综复杂的乡间小路be in a maze

    14、困惑,迷茫 (in a wondering state of mind, not knowing what is going on)eg. I am in a maze about future.be in a dilemma 进退两难 (a different choice to be made between two things)第 2 页eg. I am in a dilemma about the job offer.to be the meat in the sandwich 左右为难eg. The hen-pecked husband is in the sandwich. 这位

    15、惧内的丈夫左右为难。Musty m ?s t? a.陈腐的,落伍的;发霉的,有霉味的 在发霉的意义上=mouldyMould m ?ld n. 模具,铸模; (人的)个性,类型;霉,霉菌;耕作土壤,腐殖土v. (用模具)浇铸,塑造 ;对施加影响 ;将塑造 成;紧贴于,吻合(轮廓) ;使长霉词根: mouldadj. mouldy 发霉的;旧式的;腐朽的n. moulding 模制;浇铸moulder 制模工,铸工vi. moulder 腐朽;衰退vt. moulder 使腐朽;使衰退musty rooms musty book musty bread musty fooddecayed d ?

    16、ke?d adj. 变腐烂了,变质了(腐烂的;腐败的;衰退的,衰败的, (核)衰退)decline d?kla ?n n. 下降;衰退;斜面 vi. 下降;衰落;谢绝 vt. 谢绝;婉拒stale :ste?l 陈的 (not fresh) 食物,空气,地方,活动,主义等不新鲜,缺乏新鲜感等stale bread 陈的面包a stale job 乏味的工作stereotyped adj. 老一套的,过了时的routine adj. 平淡乏味的Rarity re ?r ?t? n. 稀世珍宝 (另外还有 1、罕见;珍贵2、稀薄 的意思)Rare re? adj. 稀有的;稀薄的; 半熟的 ( 或

    17、三分熟 ) adj. 杰出的;极度的;非常好的 adv. 非常;极其adv. rarely 很少地;难得;罕有地vi. rarify 变稀薄;纯化vt. rarify 使成精细;使变稀薄Assorted ?s?td? adj. 各式各样的(一组事物中有各式各样的,或是组合的) 五仁月饼,什锦=various types mixed together另外还可以作为vt. assort 把分级;把归为一类assorted / different / variousdifferent : 强调此事物与彼事物完全不同 -The word glare is different from that wor

    18、d slare.Various : 各种各样的 all kinds of 强调种类不同-We have got various books.In every part / all parts / various parts of the world 在世界各地Assorted : various types mixed together-Assorted chocolates 什锦巧克力-He bought a bag of assorted fruit.Diverse da ?v?s; dav?s 不同的,强调性质不同 -We have got diverse opinion.词根: div

    19、erseadj. diversified 多样化的;各种的adv. diversely 不同地;各色各样地n. diversity 多样性;差异diversification 多样化;变化vt. diversify 使多样化,使变化;增加产品种类以扩大第 3 页junk n. 破烂货,废品 garbage/rubbish classification 垃圾分类 中国的废品回收市场 万亿以上junk food (rich in fat)a junk dealer 收破烂的rubbish / garbage / trash / junkwaste 普通用词,概念广泛,指任何被丢弃的东西。rubbi

    20、sh 普通用词,指任何成堆的、破损的、用过的或无用的东西,尤指弃掉的垃圾堆。也可作引申用。litter 是四下乱丢物品的总称,尤指散落于地,有碍观瞻的废物。garbage 主要指有机废料,包括厨房的剩菜剩饭或不能再用的食物。也可作引申用。Junk 指毫无实用价值,或破烂物体,但不一定指垃圾。Refuse 垃圾 ; 废料(不要的,不需要的)动词读作 r ?fju?。z 名词读作 ?r ?fju?slitter v. 杂乱地布满(随意扔,散落) 引申出 littered 散放的,散落的(肯定也是随意扔后形成)n 垃圾 (随意扔掉的, 丢弃物 )dedicated a. 专心致志的 be dedic

    21、ated to 同 devote 一样, to 都是介词 ,后面接宾语devoted adj. 忠诚忠贞的dedicate vt. 致力;献身;题献 dedicate oneself/sth todedication n 奉献;献身dedicate 正式用词,指献身于某一崇高事业或目的,也可指把著作题献给他人。 (崇高,或者专注认真的层面)devote 普通用词,指决心把全部身心、精力、时间等献给某一目标,某一个人或致力于某一事业。 (客观描述)之前学的 delicacy del?k ?si n.1、美味 , 佳肴 (2、娇嫩,优美,精致,优雅)- He considered chicken

    22、to be a great delicacy. local delicacy 风味小吃delicate adj.1、美味的 , 可口的 , 清淡的( 2、精美的,纤细的,微妙的) delicate skin 娇嫩的皮肤bargain hunter 到处找便宜货买的人job hunter 找工作的人head hunter 猎头,猎头公司 (用更高的薪水更好的待遇挖别的公司的人才)mine hunter 扫雷艇dealer v. 商人( 经销商 , 有店面 )(专门从事某一种商品经营的商贩)car dealership 汽车经销商 发牌员,毒贩businessman / trader / merc

    23、hant / tradesmandealer 侧重于 零售 ,dealer 指商人时多与表商店的字连用。相当于 tradesmantradesman 指零卖商人,开小店的商人。peddler pedl ? 小贩 a drug peddler 毒贩子一小时故事 In the street below a peddler was crying his wares.businessman 指有经验、善于经营、从事各种买卖活动的买卖人、实业家或工商业家。merchant 指从事批发生意的 大商人 ,尤指从事国际贸易的大商人, 但在美国或苏格兰等地, 也指一般商人。Trader a person who

    24、se job is to trade in goods or stocks. 商人; 证券交易人 商业 ( 生意人 ,买卖人 )retailer n. 零售商(作为 商业流程 之一) retail n&v&a&ad 零售hawker h ?k? 街头小贩 ; 上门推销员 表不满 ;饲鹰者Broker a person whose job is to buy and sell securities, foreign money, real estate, or goods for other people. 经纪人; 掮客 商业vt 斡旋 注意对象比较固定 If a country or gov

    25、ernment brokers an agreement, aceasefire, or a round of第 4 页talks, they try to negotiate or arrange it.cherish v. t ?er? 期望,渴望( 心中 怀有(感情等) ; 心中 抱有(希望等) ) 本意是 珍视,珍爱,珍惜=entertain or keep hope , love etc. in mind deeplycherish the wish cherish the hope cherish the dream 一般后面紧跟同位语从句-she cherishes the ho

    26、pe that her son will return.cherish the ideas 抱有这样的一个念头 cherish the memories 珍视记忆cherish the illusion 抱有幻想-Dont cherish the illusion that your father will always pay your debts.Amply ?mpl ? adv. 足够地Ample 充足而有余的Enough 数量,程度足够-The bread is just enough for one meal. -He is old enough to go to the party

    27、.Sufficient 只放在名词前Enough 可放在名词前或后-We have sufficient food to last one week.-We have enough food / food enough to last one week.Sufficiently 只放在被修饰词前Old enough / sufficiently oldAdequate ?d ?kw ?t 足够的 数量和质量上的 满足 (足够的,有 刚刚好的 感觉)(有一种需求的前提)-The performance is adequate.-Dont be worried .They have gotten

    28、ample time.Abundant 富足的,充足的Masterpiece n. 杰作 (代表作,典范)mere m? adj. 仅仅的,只不过(数量、程度小,或概念的 上限 )merelyprise pra ?z v. 撬开( 撬) 撬开 或者从 表面撬走 美式拼写是 prizeprize sth off 把 撬掉prize sth up/ prize sth apart 把 撬开prize the box open 把盒子撬开prize sth out 设法套出话来carve v. 镌刻carve 阳刻 1、vt&vi 雕刻 (指用木头、石头等雕刻出某个物件或图案。) 2、把(熟肉)切成

    29、块3、 sth (out) (for yourself) 艰苦创业; 奋斗取得(事业career、名声 reputaion 等) make a name oneselfengrave 阴刻 1、 A (with B) | B on A 在 上雕刻(字或图案) 2、(使)铭记; 深印于(心上) ; ?ngre?v 习语:be engraved on/in your heart, memory, mind, etc.Inscribe 题写,题赠,题刻;铭记,刻dagger d?g ? n. 短剑,匕首sword s?d 刀,剑第 5 页blade ble ?d 刀片,刀锋,刃;叶片(螺旋桨等)mi

    30、ni ature m ?n?t ? adj. 小巧的,小型的(本意是微型的) n, 缩影(短语形式sth in mininaure )miniature camera 小型照相机 miniature garden 微型花园 miniature painting 微型画mini- 小 minibus miniskirttiny 强调与同类或其他物体比较,小得超出正常比例,有时带强烈的感情色彩。little 指在体积、数量、距离、年龄、身材等方面比正常的小,多带主观感情色彩,含小而可爱或小巧的意味。small 多指数量、面积、体积、价值、数字或意义等的小或少,指略小于正常的大小。miniature

    31、 指由正常体积微缩的物体。composition n. 构图(成分 ; 构成 ; 组合方式;(音乐、艺术、诗歌的 )作品 ;作曲 ;创作)element 指“元素”类的“成分” , 指一整套系统、计划、作品等中 最基本或最重要 的成分或特征。component 组成部分 ;成分 ;部件 指一个整体的组成部分,多用于机器、机械系统等。composition 尤用于指物体内在固有的不可分割的成分,如氢于水ingredient 指混合物的成分,尤指烹饪原料。compose v. 构成,构思,组成be composed of consist ofeg. Water is composed of hyd

    32、rogen and pose a letter compose a poem compose a speech compose a songcomposition 作曲;构思;文章 (a piece of music or art or a poem )Text 课文Antique shops exert a peculiar fascination on a great many people.古玩店对许多人来说有一种特殊的魅力。Exert a peculiar fascination on sb 对某人有一种特殊的魅力Exert v.施加 ?z?:tExert sth on sb- His

    33、 wife exerted a lot pressure on him to change his job. - He likes to exert his authority on us.Exert oneself to do sth. 努力做某事 , 尽力做某事 , 出力 - He never exert himself to study hard.exert every effect 尽一切努力exertion ?z?: ?n n.尽力 , 努力 ,发挥n.行使 , 运用,施加 the exertion of force/strength/authority另外,我们在之前的课文中学过,

    34、 perform, exert, exercise, practice 表示运用,应用,提供,执行等意Antique shops appeal to a great many people. 古玩店很吸引人。在这里主要是非灵主语的生动表达The more expensive kind of antique shop where rare objects are beautifully displayed in glass cases to keepthem free from dust is usually a forbidding place.首先抓主干:The more expensive

    35、 kind of antique shop is usually a forbidding place.高档一点的古玩店往往是令人望而却步的地方。 The 表示种类,一种, more 在这里只是副词,比较地Where 引导的定语从句修饰antique shopRare objects 文物,稀有珍品 可以用 Rarity 来代替。glass case玻璃柜子,罩子 show case橱窗 book case 书架packing case 货箱Keep sb or sth free from (29 课)使免于 /不受 什么影响You cant keep yourselves free from

    36、 anxieties like tramps.第 6 页We put our books in bookcase to keep them free from dust.Be free from 形容词,注意做定语时 free sb from 动词,注意时态和人称spare sb from 动词But no one has to muster up courage to enter a less pretentious antique shop.The forbidding antique shop is pretentious.二三两句包含强烈明显的对比。 要注意这里的 pretentiou

    37、s 仍然是非灵主语Pretentious pr ?ten?s adj. 自命不凡的,做作的,矫饰的(虚伪的)pretentious language 浮华的语言pretentious speech 华而不实的演讲我们的第一反应是在这个意思下应该是人,但是可以用在非灵主语上,同时,也带有作者的观点在其中或者说,是词语的丰富,生动等The more expensive kind of clothing shop is usually a forbidding place. But no one has to muster up courage toenter a less pretentiousc

    38、lothing shop.一种高档的服装店往往是令人望而却步的,但是当我们走进一家普普通通的不是矫揉造作的普通商店的时候却不必鼓足勇气。之前也讲了很多了 none other than 人 nothing else than 物little less than 简直就是(是还是不是,表示对后者的肯定还是否定)nothing less than 根本就是(是还是不是,表示对后者的肯定还是否定)There is always hope that in its labyrinth of musty, dark, disordered rooms a real rarity will be found

    39、amongst the piles of assorted junk that little the floors.人们还常常有希望在发霉、阴暗、杂乱无章、迷宫般的店堂里,从杂乱地摆放在地面上的、一堆堆各式各样的破烂货里找到一件稀世珍品。There is always hope that 之前说过了,名词化,生动一些We cherish the hope that You must cherish the hope that one day you will be amply rewarded.在同位语从句中有一个状语前置,单选不会出,但是现在是阅读为主,不认识的词多,要抓准。同样,如果这里用

    40、倒装句呢?表示地点或位置的副词或介词短语位于句首,句子用倒桩Amongst ?m?st =amongLitter vt 散落,散放 注意是及物动词 (初中就学过,不要把宾语仅限于被丢弃的东西,还有地方)比如 marry 除了娶,还有嫁的意思, marry sb be married to sb甚至 ,litter 可以引申为, 把某处弄得乱七八糟Pieces of paper litter the floor. / The floor is littered with pieces of paper. 地面上到处都是纸。Glass from broken bottles litters the

    41、 sidewalk.No one discovers a rarity by chance.By chance / by accident 偶然地,偶尔地Eg: No one can succeed by chance. 没有人随随便便成功。by any chance: used to ask politely whether sth is true 是不是,可不可能(非常礼貌,得体的询问对方)eg. Are you Mrs. Smith, by any chance?A truly dedicated bargain hunter must have patience, and above

    42、all, the ability to recognize the worth ofsomething when he sees it.Dedicated / concentratedtrue-truly 注意变化terrible-terriblyA truly dedicated person.第 7 页-He is a truly dedicated scholar.-He is a truly dedicated English learner.Above all : most important of all 最重要的是。 承上启下。用来加强语气 。/first of all /bef

    43、ore all others 首先,首要to begin with 首先in the first place 首先,第一The ability to do somethingAbility 怎么单独出现了一个名词?也不是同位语啊?注意句子结构, 并列在 and 处 ,句子的主干是, a truly bargain hunter must have patience and ability.To do this, he must be at least as knowledgeable as the dealer.To do this : in order to discover a rarit

    44、yknowledgeable adj. 有丰富知识的,博学的learned ?l?:nid adj. 有学问的 发音比较特殊erudite er? da?t adj. 博学的(正式) ,饱读诗书的informed adj. 有知识的,见闻广博的literate adj. 难度会写的unlettered adj. 未受过良好教育的illiterate adj. 目不识丁的,大老粗,文盲的Like a scientist bent on making a discovery, he must cherish the hope that one day he will be amplyrewarde

    45、d.Bent on / bent upon 决心于。 形容词短语 做定语修饰 scientist-He is bent on winning the game.-He is bent on becoming a bridge player.Be bent on doing sth / be determined on doing sth / be devoted to / be engaged inThat 引导的同位语从句My old friend, Frank Halliday, is just such a person. He has often described to me how

    46、 he picked up amasterpiece for a mere 50. pick up 偶然 获得,得到 (pick up: 无意中 够得,购买 )eg. He picked up a few words about his girl friend when he entered the room.pick up a bargain 买到一个便宜货eg. I picked up an evening paper on the way home. eg. I pick up some nice souvenirs when traveling abroad.describe to sb sth=describe sth to sb. 表达像谁 描述 一件事情 , 比 tell 表示 更加详细的how 引导的从句作 describe 的宾语 ,to me 作状语 .describe how/why/what to sbeg. It is difficult to describe how I feel.For 花费 之前讲过 for 除了表示以多少钱,还可以表示用什么购买,为什么购买等。A mere : only 在这里 具体化了 ,所以是 a第 8 页One Saturday morning, Frank visited an antiq

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