牛津译林版高一英语上册必修一-语法总结.doc

1、牛津译林版高一英语上册模块一语法总结一、 有关定语从句的一些要点I. 只能用“that” 的情况1 先行词为anything/everything/all/any/little等不定代词时注：有时all/everything/anything + that定语从句= what+名词性从句（如宾语从句）Well do all (that) we can to help you （= what we can） The way he solved the problem was different from what we were used to.（=the way that we were us

2、ed to）2 先行词前有序数词,最高级,all /any / the very / the right / the only修饰时 3 先行词既有人又有物时 We talked about the things and teachers that we all knew. 4引导词在从句中作表语时My hometown is no longer a small village that it used to be.(that在从句中做表语)5避免重复时 Who is the person that you want to see.II. 不能用that 的情况1. 介词之后 The priz

3、e for which he worked so hard was a new bicycle. 非限制性定语从句中，“，”之后 Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. III. whose的使用：既指人又指物，替代his, her, their, its及名词所有格(如：Toms/the schools) The book, whose cover is broken, is not mine. (=the cover of which = of which the cover)IV.

4、 先行词为表时间/地点/原因的名词时，用where, when, why还是用that/which 若从句中被替代部分：作主语或宾语，用that/which; 作状语, 用where/when/why (往往 =“介词+which”)1My sister works in a beautiful city, _where_there are a lot of parks. (=in which)2The place_that/which_ interests the children most is Disneyland.(从句中作主语)3I often thought of my child

5、hood, when I lived on a farm. (替代in my childhood)4Next winter,_which youll spend in Harbin, Im sure, will be an exciting holiday.(作spend的宾语)5Mary had to go to Beijing on business on June15, which happened to be her sons birthday.（作主语）6This is the very reason _that_ you all know. (作know的宾语)V. as引导的定语

6、从句， which指代一句话/一件事1 the same/as/such/soas(定语从句): 先行词前有“such/ so, the same/as ”修饰时，定语从句用 “as”引导 比较：such /so+名词as ( 定语从句, as起替代作用，从句结构不完整 “象如的”)such /so+名词that (状语从句，从句结构完整 “如此以致于”) Please lend me the same tool as was used the other day.Mr. Wang is so good a teacher as all the students love and respec

7、t Mr. Wang is such a good teacher that all the students love and respect him 2as引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前后的整个句子，可置于句首、句中或句末。常出现在一些固定表达中。如：as we/all/you know, as is known to all, as we expected/planned, , as is mentioned/said above, as is reported/said, as is natural, as is often the case.有时可看作插入语。 as: 位置灵活，可

8、前可后；且含有“正如/正像”的含义。which: 只能放于主句之后；含有“这, 这一点”的含义。 1) Tom, _as_ had been expected , got beaten in the game2) They call him “Meat Ball”, _which_ I think is not correct.VI the way ( in which/ that): the way作先行词时, 可用“in which” 或 “that”, 且一般可省略。如: The way in which/(that) they were treated hurt their feeli

9、ngs.VII定语从句的主谓一致 引导词在从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词应与先行词，即所修饰的名词或代词一致Those who break the law are to be punished. But there are few modern families that _have no televisions.比较：He is one of the students who _were_ late for school.He is the only one of the students who _was_late for school.VIII、非限制性定语从句与并列句及其它修饰语的异同

10、若两个分句没有其它任何连接词，而由“，”相连接时，一般把后一个分句看作非限制性定语从句 (1) There is a supermarket near here, _where_ we can buy vegetables, fruit.(定语从句)There are two thousand students in our school, two-thirds of _whom_ are girls.There are ten books on the shelf, of which all are of great value.(2) After an hour we got to the

11、 top of the mountain, and_ there we had a picnic.(并列句) He asked ten students to attend the party , but none of _them_ was from his class. (3) The bridge, made of stones (=which was made of stones), is said to date back to the Tang Dynasty.The weight-loss pills containing harmful chemicals(=which con

12、tain._) may damage your liver.IX、注意定语从句与强调句型及其它从句的混用 1. It was in the hotel where they stayed(定语从句，修饰hotel) that the murder(谋杀) happened 2 years ago. It was in the hotel that the murder happened 2 years ago. (强调句型)2. He left the key where he had been an hour before. (地点状语从句，相当于in the place where) Th

13、is hotel is where we are to stay tonight.(表语从句，相当于the place where)X间隔式定语从句: 一般说来，定语从句总是紧跟在先行词之后。但有时定语从句和先行项之间被其它修饰成分间隔开来，这种定语从句称为间隔式定语从句1. The photo brought back the memory of an evening at Uncle Aliens in Belleville _ all of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper.A

14、. when B. where C. since D. after2First, areas of land must be found where this rubbish can be put.3Finally another material is painted on to the stones which will protect them from water for ever.1. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of

15、 which B. during which C. from which D. for which2. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ Chinese in the school, most _ were from Germany. A. study; of whom B. study; of themC. studying; of them D. studying; of whom3. I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed.

16、 A. of thatB. of whichC. thatD. which4. John is a lazy students, one of _ bad study habits is to leave for tomorrow _ ought to be done today. A. his; something B. whose; what C. whom; that D. his; that1. The old man has four sons, and _ are college students.A. four of them B. all of them C. three of

17、 whom D. all of whom2. His mother bought him two gifts, but _ was what hed like to have.A. of which neither B. both of which C. both of them D. neither of them3. If the project should be delayed for a day, _ would mean we would be fined $100,000.A. that B. as D. which D. and it8. Chans restaurant on

18、 Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. A. that B. which C. who D. where 9. Our teacher is in poor health, _ made _ difficult for her to go on with her work. . A. it; it B. that; this C. which; that D. which10. The Chinese government has decided to develop the west of C

19、hina, _, in my opinion, will benefit the people who are still leading a poor life. A. what B. that C. where D. which11. Country life gives him peace and quiet, _ he cant enjoy living in big cities. A. As is that B. which is what C. as is when D. which is when12. Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you

20、more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. A. when B. where C. what D. which13. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. I think which is B. which I think isC. which I think it D. which I think it is14. In the office I never seem to have time until after

21、5:30 p.m., _ many people have gone home.A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time15. The girl, _ is speaking Japanese, is my classmate.A. she B. who C. that D. which16. A new subway will have been completed in the city by the end of the year 2008, _ will be very convenient for us to get aro

22、und shopping and sightseeing.A. when it B. where it C. when that D. which that 17. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _ they learn simple games and songs. A. then B. there C. while D. where 18. There was a teapot shaped like a China duck, out of _ mouth the tea was supposed to come.A.

23、 which B. that C. its D. whose19. The Beatles, many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. A. what B. that C. how D. as20. _, the weather turned out to be very hot that day.A. It was said in the newspaper B. As we reported on the radioC. Just like the weather report said D. It so ha

24、ppened as you told me21. _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As22. Cook was a strict but good captain, _ who, unusually, took care of the sailors on his ship.A. the one B. one C. that D. this23. Is this village _ your son was born?A. where B. in w

25、hich C. the one which D. the one where24. When you visit a French family, you may chat for an hour or so, _ not even a coffee or water is offered.A. by this time B. by which timeC. during this time D. during which time25. Look out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. A. whose B.

26、which C. of which D. what26. Living in the western part of the country has its problems, _ getting fresh water is not the least.A. with which C. for which C. of which D. which27. _, Hong Kong belongs to China.A. As is known to all B. What is known to allC. It is known to all that D. As it is known t

27、o all that二、有关强调句型的几个要点I. 强调句型的基本结构：It is/was+被强调部分(词/词组/句子) + that/who +原句所剩部分 :除强调人时，可用 “who”外, 其它情况都只能用“that”, 原句所剩部分不变，特别是谓语动词不变It was because he drove carelessly that he had the accident.It is Tom and Peter who are responsible for the failure of the experiment. notuntil句型的强调结构： It was not until

28、that. It was not until the dish died in the lake that people realized how serious pollution was.II. 强调句型的一般与特殊疑问句形式：一般疑问句：Is/Was it +被强调部分+ that ? Was it in the office that you found my book? 特殊疑问句：When/Where/What + is/was it + that? -What was it that made Tom what he is today? III. 注意比较强调句型与某些状语从句。

29、比较： It was midnight when they arrived home.(状语从句)It was at midnight that they arrived home.(强调句型) 注：强调句型的一个特征是要“能够还原” 原句为：They arrived home at midnight三、有关反意疑问句的几个要点1 陈述部分有few/none/nowhere/ never/hardly/seldom等否定词，问句用肯定 She seldom tells a lie, does she?2否定词缀un- / im- /in- /dis- 构成的词仍视为肯定Your father

30、is unhappy, isnt he? 3主从复合句的反意问句（1）一般: 与主句一致 They all think that English is very important, dont they? （2）特殊：当陈述部分为“I/We (dont) think/believe/ consider/ + that从句”时，与从句保持一致I think that he has done his best, hasnt he? We dont believe that the news is true, is it? 4祁使句的反意问句，一般用 “will you”, 表委婉请求或邀请时，可用

31、“wont you” You feed the bird today, will you? Dont make any noise, will you? 比较：Let us stop to rest, will you? Lets go home together, shall we? 5情态动词表猜测的句子的反意问句，与其不表猜测时一样He might have left his pen in the classroom yesterday, didnt he? (不表猜测时为He left his pen，didnt he?) He must have waited for a long

32、time, _hasnt he_ ? (不表猜测时为He has waited for a long time, hasnt he?) 6.He used to live in the country, didnt / usednt he? To do one good deed is easy for a person, isnt it? Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it?There are two cakes on the plate, arent there? Youd better finish your ho

33、mework now, hadnt you? 7. 反意问句或反诘句的答语都应遵循前后一致的原则, 其意义应看后半部分。-It didnt rain last night, did it? -Yes, it did, for the ground is wet.-She never sleeps at class. -_Yes. Sometimes she does.1. The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, _? A. did they B. didnt they C. did it D. didnt it

34、2. What a lovely day, _?A. doesnt it B. isnt it C. shant it D. hasnt it3. “Mary doesnt go in for sports, does she?” “_.” A. No, but Joe does. B. Yes, but Joe doesnt.C. Yes. And Joe doesnt either D. No, and Joe does too4. I dont suppose he could have done well in the exam last week, _ he? _, he almos

35、t failed to pass the exam. A. had; Yes B. has; No C. couldnt; Yes D. did; No5. She hardly ever speaks to you in English, _? A. does she B. doesnt she C. can she D. cant she 6. He seldom has lunch at school, _ ? A. hasnt he B. has he C. doesnt he D. does he7. Bills aim is to inform the viewers that c

36、igarette advertising on TV is illegal, _? A. isnt it B. is it C. isnt he D. is he 8. She dislikes dancing, _?A. doesnt she B. does she C. dont she D. isnt she9. Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, she? A. had B. did C. hadnt D. didnt10. If you want help money or anything

37、, let me know, _ you?A. dont B. will C. shall D. doIts a fine day. Lets go fishing, _? A. wont we B. will we C. dont we D. shall we12. We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _.A. do youB. can weC. will youD. shall we13. When youve finished with that book, dont forget to put it back

38、 one the shelf, _? A. do you B. dont you C. will you D. wont you Where is John, do you know? He must be in the reading-room, _? A. mustnt he B. isnt he C. doesnt he D. isnt JohnI dont think he could have done such a stupid thing last night, _?A. do I B. could he C. did he D. has he16. There is no li

39、ght in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture. _? A. didnt they B. dont they C. mustnt they D. havent they17. There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, _ ? A. wasnt there B. was thereC. didnt itD. did it18. He never said that he was good at mathematic

40、s, _? A. was he B. wasnt he C. did he D. didnt he19. Im sure youd rather she went to school by bus, _? A. hadnt you B. wouldnt you C. arent I D. didnt she20. Brian told you that there wasnt anyone in the room at that time, _ ? A. was there B. wasnt there C. didnt he D. did he21. I dont think she had

41、 a good time there this summer, _?A. do I B. had she C. did she D. didnt she22. I dont believe that she has done so much work in a week,_?A. do I B. dont I C. has she D. hasnt she23. Id like to take tomorrow off, _ I ?A. shall B. may C. would D. should24. I wish to go with you next week, _?A. will I

42、 B. do I C. must I D. may I 四、有关动词时态的几个要点(一)、几种常用时态的习惯用法1 一般现在时表示：1)表示客观真理（不受时态限制）The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.2) 现在或目前一般事实; 习惯性的动作或状态, 常与(often/always)表频率的词连用。All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. However busy I am, I write to my parents regularly. 3) 有计划或有规律的事（如车/船/飞机等的时刻表）The bus leaves at 8 a.m. every day. The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.2. 一般过去时表示1) 过去的动作或状态,常与具体的过去时间（(at one time, just now, 2 days ago) 连用 At one time he grew very inter