流体力学(英文)-课件.ppt

1、 1ppt课件Contents Teaching Contents In Classroom Experimental Projects In Teaching LabTotal hours:54Classroom teaching hours:48Practice hours:62ppt课件Teaching Contents(1)Part A(Total hours:36)nA1 Introduction (4 hours)nA2 Fluid statics (6 hours)nA3 Fluid kinematics (6 hours)nA4 Fluid dynamics (6 hours)

2、nA5 Laminar flow,turbulent flow and energy loss (8 hours)nA6 Pipe flow and calculation of pipeline (4 hours)nA7 Similarity theory and dimensional analysis (2 hours)FundamentalFundamental3ppt课件Part B(Total hours:8)lB1 Stream functions and potential functions,frictionless irrotational flow (4 hours)lB

3、2 Boundary layer theory and flow past body (4 hours)Part C(Total hours:4)uC1 Resaerch progress in Fluid Mechancis (1 hour)uC2 Modern flow measurement technologies (1 hour)uC3 Introduction to numerical simulation of turbulence flow and commercial softwares of CFD (2 hours)Teaching Contents(2)Extended

4、 contentsExtended contentsFundamentalFundamental4ppt课件Part A and Part B are the foundation of Fluid Mechanics,Part C is the extended contents and refer to some practical problems.This course also pays much attention to the prevalence of modern fluid mechanics,for example,the introduction to the theo

5、ry of turbulence boundary layer and the sketch of computational fluid dynamics(CFD)will help your further applications after your graduation.Teaching Contents(3)5ppt课件Experimental Projects(1)In-class (Required)(Total hours:6)nE1 Hydrostatics (1 hour)nE2 Velocity measurement with Pitot tube (1 hour)n

6、E3 Flow measurement with Venturi tube (1 hour)nE4 Verification of Bernoulli equation (1 hour)nE5 Reynolds experiment (1 hour)nE6 Measurement of friction loss coefficient for circular pipe flow (1 hour)6ppt课件Experimental Projects(2)After-class (Total hours:6-8)pE1 Liquid viscosity measurement (1 hour

7、)(Optional)pE2 Demonstrating experiment about flow pattern and streamline (1 hour)(Required)pE3 Measurement of local loss coefficient for circular pipe flow (1 hour)(Required)pE4 Demonstrating experiment about Siphon principle (1 hour)(Required)pE5 Demonstrating experiment about flow around airfoil

8、and cylinder (1 hour)(Required)pE6 Demonstrating experiment about vortex formation (1 hour)(Required)pE7 Self-designing experiments (1 hour)(Optional)7ppt课件TextbookFrank M.White.Fluid Mechanics.McGraw Hill Higher Education,7t h Revised edition,2010.28ppt课件ReferencesuE.John Finnemore,Joseph B.Franzin

9、i.Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications.McGraw-Hill Higher Education,10t h Revised edition,2001.109ppt课件Referencesu J i n X i a o h o n g,L i Yuanhui.Fluid Mechanics(bilingual Teaching).Beijing:China Power Press,2011.910ppt课件 5%attendance 10%homework 10%required experiments 5%optional experi

10、ments 70%final examGrades11ppt课件 When you think about it,almost everything on this planet either is a fluid or moves within or near a fluid.Frank M.WhitePreliminary RemarksFluid can be found almost everywhere on the earth!Fluid can be found almost everywhere on the earth!12ppt课件Overview of Fluid Mec

11、hanics The concept of fluid The primary physical property of fluid Study objects of Fluid Mechanics The nature of the subject of Fluid Mechanics Tasks of Fluid Mechanics Study approaches of Fluid Mechanics Importance(position)of the course History of Fluid MechanicsThe following aspects will be disc

12、ussed13ppt课件The concept of a fluid A solid can resist a shear stress by a static deformation.A fluid can not resist a shear stress by a static deformation.Any shear stress applied to a fluid,no matter how small,will result in motion of that fluid.The fluid moves and deforms continuously as long as t

13、he shear is applied.Introduction14ppt课件Is it has afixed volume？Can it form a free surface？Is it easy to be compressed？Fluidgasnonoyesliquidyesyesno FluidSolidyesnoThe primary physical property of fluid15ppt课件 Fluid mechanics is an important branch of modern mechanics，Its a science that studies fluid

14、s balance(Fluid statics),mechanical movement laws(Fluid Kinematics)and the interaction between fluid and the boundaries(Fluid Dynamics),which may be either solid surfaces or interfaces with other fluids.It mainly ascertains the distribution of speed and pressure,energy loss and the interaction force

15、 and the moment between fluid and boundary.IntroductionStudy Objects of Fluid Mechanics(1)16ppt课件Water and air are researched mostly in fluid mechanics.Besides these,fluid also includes vapor as work medium in turbine,lube oil,water which mixing with mud and sand,blood,melting metal and the gas with

16、 complicated components coming from burning,plasmas under high temperature condition,etc.Study Objects of Fluid Mechanics(2)l Stationary boundaries：riverbed,pipe wall,building,etc；l Moving boundaries：aircraft,ship,runner,etc.Types of boundary17ppt课件 MechanicsResearch object The carrier of mechanical

17、 problemsFluid MechanicsFluidLiquidWaterMechanicsThree conservation lawsHydraulicsIntroductionLiquid is the main research object;Mainly focus on engineering applications;Suitable for students in Hydraulic Eng.,Civil Eng.The nature of the subject of Fluid MechanicsConservation of mass,momentum and en

18、ergy18ppt课件 Fluid mechanics is not only an age-old subject,but also a new fashion subject which can be researched on quite widely fields.There are many questions about fluid mechanics in these departments,such as in aviation,spaceflight,navigation,astronomical weather,physical geography,water conser

19、vancy and hydropower,heat energy refrigeration,building construction and environmental protection,petroleum and chemical engineering,transporting air and liquid,combustion and explosion,metallurgy and mining,biology and sea,war industry and nuclear energy,machine building,mechanical engineering,etc.

20、Tasks of Fluid MechanicsIntroductionEngineering fields and disciplines relative to Fluid Mechanics19ppt课件Vortex created by the passage of an Vortex created by the passage of an aircraft wing,revealed by coloured smokeaircraft wing,revealed by coloured smokeTurbulence Turbulence in the tip in the tip

21、 vortex vortex from an from an airplane airplane wingwingEngineering fields relative to Fluid Mechanics20ppt课件aviationaviationspaceflightspaceflightnavigationnavigationRocket Rocket launchinglaunchingfountainfountain21ppt课件Axial-flow fan¢rifugal pumpAxial-flow fan¢rifugal pumpfanfanpumppumpi

22、mpellerimpeller22ppt课件Multi-stage axial-flow compressor modelMulti-stage axial-flow compressor modelCompressorCompressor23ppt课件Water turbine and electrical generator cut-away viewWater turbine and electrical generator cut-away view Kaplan turbineKaplan turbine runner and bladerunner and bladehydropo

23、werhydropower24ppt课件Model plane tested in a wind tunnelModel plane tested in a wind tunnel Car wind tunnel test Car wind tunnel test Air flow past an aerofoilAir flow past an aerofoilCooling fan Cooling fan 25ppt课件The Three Gorges Dam photographed by satellite of the United StatesHydraulicEngineerin

24、gwater conservancy projectDujiangyanDujiangyancomprehensive engng26ppt课件Typhoon Tornado:A rotating column of air usually accompanied by a funnel-shaped downward extension of a cumulonimbus cloud and having a vortex several hundred yards in diameter whirling destructively at speeds of up to 500 miles

25、(800 km)per hour.Typhoon Typhoon:A tropical cyclone occurring in the western Pacific or Indian oceans.Tornado27ppt课件vortex formed in the vortex formed in the rear of a high-speed rear of a high-speed traintrainboiling mud near a boiling mud near a Volcanic craterVolcanic craterTornadoTornado28ppt课件v

26、ortices in atmosphere Hurricane 29ppt课件WeatherCFDsupercomputer30ppt课件Dew and drop31ppt课件Surface tensionSurface tensionsoap bubble soap bubble water-drop water-drop 32ppt课件volleyballfootballtennisswimmingrowingdiscus throwgolf ballracecar racingjavelintable tennisbadminton33ppt课件Golf ball with smooth

27、&rough surface,Which is better？Question 34ppt课件 Golf originated in Scotland in the 15th Century.It was thought in the early days that the golf ball with smooth surface had small flight resistance,so the ball was made in leather.It was found afterwards that an old ball with many scratches on its surf

28、ace could fly farther than a new ball with smooth surface.This mystery was not to be solved until the boundary layer theory was established by L.Prandtl in the 20th Century.The present-day golf has a lot of pits on its surface,and the flight distance of a rough surface ball is 5 times farther than a

29、 smooth ball when they have the same size and weight.35ppt课件wake zonewake zonewake zonewake zone36ppt课件Disciplines Relative to Fluid MechanicsDisciplines Relative to Fluid MechanicsAcoustics(aerodynamic noise)Aerodynamics Aeroelasticity Aeronautics Computational Fluid Dynamics CFDFlow field measurem

30、entHemodynamics Hydraulics the physical science and technology of the static and dynamic behavior of fluids)Hydrology Hydrostatics Fluid Statics Hydrodynamics Fluid Dynamics Electrohydrodynamics Magnetohydrodynamics Rheology Quantum hydrodynamics37ppt课件Fluid mechanics has three study approaches.The

31、first one is a theoretical approach.Which analyzes the primary and lesser factor of the question,abstracts theoretical model(such as continuous medium,ideal fluid,incompressible fluid,etc),uses mathematical tools to find the general answer about the fluid movement.Study Approaches of Fluid Mechanics

32、(1)Introductionbasic hypotheses mathematical modelanalytical solutiongeneral answercalculus,field theoryexact solutiontheoretical analysistheoretical analysis38ppt课件Study Approaches of Fluid Mechanics(2)The second is an experimental approach.Which summarizes the fluid question by experiment as a sim

33、ilar experiment model,observes the phenomena and determines the data and conjectures the experiment results according to a certain method.experimental studyexperimental studymodel experiments observation&measurement convert to prototype similarity theoryexperimental datasimilar model39ppt课件Marvellou

34、sMarvellous phenomena of phenomena of flowflowFluid flow past a cylinder Cats eye phenomenonRe numberFluid flow past a spherical bodyboundary layer separation wake zonewake zoneincomingincoming flow flow 40ppt课件Study Approaches of Fluid Mechanics(3)The third is a calculating approach.Which draws out

35、 the experiment scheme according to the theory analysis and experiment observation,inputs the data by program and calculates the numerical solution with computer.numerical calculationnumerical calculationmathematical model numerical model numerical solution discretizedequationsgoverning equationsapp

36、roximate solutionBoundary conditions&initial conditions computercomputer41ppt课件Karman vortex street due to air flows past a cylinderCFDCFDVortex shedding behind a circular cylinder.In this animation,the flow on the two sides of the cylinder are shown in different colors,which shows that the vortices

37、 are formed from the two sides alternately.42ppt课件Simulation of Simulation of Karman vortexKarman vortexCFDCFDFluid flows past a 2D body43ppt课件Velocity&pressure distributions in the flow passage of a centrifugal fanCentrifugal fanCentrifugal fanCFDCFD44ppt课件Numerical simulation with CFDNumerical sim

38、ulation with CFDPumpCFDCFDmodelpressurevelocity45ppt课件Air-solid couplingAir-solid couplingfluid structure fluid structure interaction,interaction,FSIFSICFDCFDDisplacementTotal deformationStressEquivalent stress46ppt课件 The three approaches have advantages and disadvantages.Only supplement each other

39、can they advance the development of fluid mechanics.Modern fluid mechanics has band the three approaches together organically and promote the development of fluid mechanics quickly.Study Approaches of Fluid Mechanics(4)47ppt课件Advantages Disadvantages Theoretical Theoretical analysisanalysisl Exact(a

40、nalytical)solution can be obtained.l Flow mechanism can be revealed.l Limited to basic assumptions.l Analytical solutions can be obtained only in a few cases.Experimental Experimental studystudyModel Model experimentexperimentl Flow parameters can be measured directly.l Empirical relations can be fo

41、und.l High cost.l High measurement technique is required.l Uneasy to change the conditions.l Affected by scale effects.Numerical Numerical calculationcalculationl Can expand the range of theoretical solution.l Low cost.l Easy to change conditions.l Its not affected by scale effects.l Limited to theo

42、retical model and numerical model.l Computational error is exist.48ppt课件EXITImportance(position)of the course Fundamental coursesFundamental courses Basic specialty courseBasic specialty course Relative professional coursesRelative professional coursesIntroductionbridgebridge49ppt课件The first contrib

43、ution to the come into being of the subject of fluid mechanics was did by Archimedes of ancient Greece.He founded the liquid balance theory include the physical principle of buoyancy and buoyancy stability.He established the basis of the hydrostatics.The formation and development of fluid mechanics

44、is fell into five phases.History of Fluid Mechanics(1)Introductionl Questions of projectiles movement in fluid was put forward.The first period：before the 20th century BC.50ppt课件Introductionl Archimedes fix quantity theory of buoyancy;l Maliaut the balance to measure the resistance of moving object;

45、l Pascal the basic relation formula of hydrostatics.History of Fluid Mechanics(2)The second period：from the 20th B.C to late stage of the 17th century A.D.51ppt课件Introductionl Newton Newtons law of viscosity;l Bernoulli Bernoullis law of steady incompressible fluid;l Euler describing a method of flu

46、id motion and equations of inviscid fluid motion;l Lagrange stream function;l ReynoldsReynolds experiment and Reynolds equation;l Navier-Stokes differential equations of viscous fluid motion.The third period：from late stage of the 17th century A.D to the early days of the 20th century A.D.History of

47、 Fluid Mechanics(3)52ppt课件 The fourth period：from early days of the 20th century A.D to the middle period.l The fluid mechanics has begun to research the questions in weather,ocean,petroleum,chemical engineering,energy sources,environmental protection and construction fields etc,and infiltrated with relative contiguous subjects each other and formed many new branches.Introductionl Prandtl boundary layer theory.The fifth period：after middle period of the 20th century A.D.History of Fluid Mechanics(4)53ppt课件The endThe endThank you!Thank you!54ppt课件