梁正溜医学英语课件.pptx

1、Foreign Language College of Guangxi Medical University Stress&Its Stress&Its Related DiseaseRelated Disease Ken DychtwaldKen DychtwaldLead-inProductive ReadingLanguage AcquisitionVideo-based LearningText-based WritingUnit 1 Lead-in What is stress?What causes stress?How does stress affect you?What wi

2、ll happen when we are stressed?How to deal with stress?Lead-in Stress is your bodys way of responding to any kind of demand.When people feel stressed by something good or bad going on around them,their bodies react by releasing chemicals into the blood.These chemicals give people more energy and str

3、ength,which can be a good thing if their stress is caused by physical danger.But this can also be a bad thing,if their stress is in response to something emotional and there is no outlet for this extra energy and strength.Lead-in You would have to fight and defend yourself or run as fast as you can

4、to escape and have a possibility of fighting another day.Its a survival operation of the human body.It is designed to help us survive danger of any kind.The body reacts automatically，and takes certain steps to make sure that were safe.1.What is a fight or flight mechanism2.What is it for?3.What happ

5、ens when our mind and body perceive that were in danger?4.What would you do as a cave person with a tiger outside?Lead-in They can shut down temporarily so that we can use all our energy for the danger.Our breathing and heart rate increase to supply blood for muscles.Our muscles get tense so that we

6、 can fight the best we can.Our pupils dilate so we can see better.Our senses will help us fight this tiger,increase and function very effectively to help us survive this movement.5.What happens within the body in the case of a tiger?6.How about our immune and digestive system?7.What does all this pr

7、epare us to do?To make sure that we are set to fight or flee the danger.Lead-in Lead-in What causes stress?Survival stressfight or flightInternal stressworried or concernedEnvironmental stressnoise,crowding,and pressure from work or family.Fatigue&overworkworking too much or too hard at your job(s),

8、school,or home.Lead-in What are the common causes of stress?Bereavement Family problems Financial matters Illness Job issues Lack of time Moving home Relationships(including divorce)Abortion Becoming a mother or a father Conflicts in the workplace Driving in bad traffic Fear of crime Losing your job

9、 Miscarriage Noisy neighbors Overcrowding Pollution Pregnancy Retirement Too much noiseLead-in How does stress affect you?Stress can affect both your body and your mind.People under large amounts of stress can become tired,sick,and unable to concentrate or think clearly.Sometimes,they even suffer me

10、ntal breakdowns.Few of us would deny that we are suffering from stress related heart disease,immune deficiency,memory loss,or even obesity.On the other hand,stress is part of life;it is not necessarily something to be avoided in our life.Lead-in Some of the effects of stress on your body,your though

11、ts and feelings,and on your behavior:Effect on your bodyA tendency to sweat Back pain Chest pain Cramps or muscle spasms Erectile dysfunction Fainting spells Headache Heart disease Hypertension(high blood pressure)Loss of libido Lower immunity against diseases Muscular aches Nail biting Nervous twit

12、ches Pins and needles Sleeping difficulties Stomach upset Lead-in Anger Anxiety Burnout Depression Feeling of insecurity Forgetfulness Irritability Problem concentrating Restlessness Sadness Fatigue Effect on your thoughts and feelingsEffect on your behaviorEating too much Eating too little Food cra

13、vings Sudden angry outbursts Drug abuse Alcohol abuse Higher tobacco consumption Social withdrawal Frequent crying Relationship problems Lead-in What will happen when we are stressed?Blood pressure risesBreathing becomes more rapidDigestive system slows downHeart rate(pulse)risesImmune system goes d

14、ownMuscles become tenseWe do not sleep(heightened state of alertness)Lead-in Diagnosis of stressA good primary care physician(GP-General Practitioner)should be able to diagnose stress based on the patients symptoms alone.Some doctors may wish to run some tests,such as a blood or urine,or a health as

15、sessment.The diagnosis of stress depends on many factors and is complex,say experts.A wide range of approaches to stress diagnosis have been used by health care professionals,such as the use of questionnaires,biochemical measures,and physiological techniques.Experts add that the majority of these me

16、thods are subject to experimental error and should be viewed with caution.The most practicable way to diagnose stress and its effects on a person is through a comprehensive,stress-oriented,face-to-face interview.How to deal with stress?There are three broad methods you can follow to treat stress,the

17、y include self-help,self management,and medication.Exercise Division of labor Assertiveness Alcohol and drugs Caffeine Nutrition Time Breathing Talk Seek professional helpRelaxation techniquesSelf help for treating stressLead-in Stress management techniquesStress management can help you to either re

18、move or change the source of stress,alter the way you view a stressful event,lower the impact that stress might have on your body,and teach you alternative ways of coping.Stress management therapy will have the objective of pursuing one or more of these approaches.MedicinesDoctors will not usually p

19、rescribe medications for coping with stress,unless the patient has an underlying illness,such as depression or some type of anxiety.If that is the case,the doctor is actually treating a mental illness.In such cases,an antidepressant may be prescribed.Bear in mind that there is a risk that all the me

20、dication will do is mask the stress,rather than help you deal and cope with it.Lead-in Multiple Stressors&Stress Build-up Ken Dychtwald Unit 1Unit 1Text AThe difference between stress The difference between stress and a stressorand a stressor Examples of stressors are noises,unpleasant people,a spee

21、ding car,or even going out on a first date.Generally(but not always),the more stressors we experience,the more stressed we feel.Text A Stressor is an agent or stimulus that causes stress.Stress is the feeling we have when under pressure,while stressors are the things we respond to in our environment

22、.ExamplesReadingReading Read the passage and find the following key words Dr.Hans Selye The Problem Imaginary Stressors Impersonal Stressors Long-term Stressors Stress Build-upText AProductive Reading Dr.Hans SelyeDr.Hans Selye An _ Made a major contribution to our _ endocrinologistunderstanding of

23、stressText AProductive Reading The ProblemThe Problem Often exposed to _ stressors in our modern world Having inappropriate choices of _ Often having such modern stressors characterized by their virtual impossibility of relieving the stress _prolonged and multiplefight-or-flightthey triggerText A Pr

24、oductive Reading Imaginary StressorsImaginary Stressors Not external and physical at all but arise from _ Our own fears,guilt,and anxieties,our fantasies about _ _ _ to fight with or run away from our imaginationwhat might be goingwrongNo enemy out thereText A Productive Reading Impersonal Stressors

25、Impersonal Stressors Experiencing frustrations and stress in our deadlines with _ _ _ for our fight-or-flight response when we come up against“corporate policies”faceless bureaucracies,institutions,and corporationsHaving no appropriate outletText A Productive Reading Long-term StressorsLong-term Str

26、essors Tending to persist _ Often not effectively relieved through _ _ Capable of producing _ damaging results _ resulting in the greater riskover the long termsociallyacceptable channelsmentally and physicallyTheir greater frequencyText AProductive Reading Stress Build-up Stress Build-up Waking up

27、late and rushing to _ Sitting in _,worrying about whether youll have time to prepare for an important meeting Arriving at work late to _ from your boss Rushing to get your work done,_ by the phone or by people dropping in _ through a meeting and worrying about your performance later _ to get some wo

28、rk done and just drinking several cups of coffee Blowing up at a subordinate and then _ your outburst Arriving home late for dinner to _ with your spouseget to workbumper-to-bumper commuter trafficget a reproving glanceconstantly interruptedFumblingSkipping lunchstewing abouthave an argumentText APr

29、oductive Reading The Useful LanguageThe Useful Language Q:What is the ability of the human body when it comes to the fight-or-flight response?be capable of Text AHuman body is capable of returning to a normal state after stressful episodes,provided it has time to rest and recuperate.Once secreted on

30、to the bronchial surface,mucus is capable of dehydration but cannot be rehydrated.Q:What are the characteristics of modern stressors?be such that Text AThe Useful LanguageThe Useful Language The very characteristics of modern stressors are often such that it is virtually impossible to relieve the st

31、ress they trigger.He kept thinking the pain was such that he would faint.Q:What is the nature of many modern stressors?by ones very nature Text AThe Useful LanguageThe Useful Language Many stressors,such as excessive noise,are prolonged by their very nature;all our body can do is to attempt to adapt

32、 to these long term stressors.One could argue that smoking,by its very nature,is addictive.Q:How come many modern stressors are not external and physical at all?just as if Text AThe Useful LanguageThe Useful Language Our own fears,guilt,and anxieties,our fantasies about what might be going wrong,can

33、 trigger the fight-or-flight response just as if the feared even itself were occurring.Reading a book is just as if we are communicating with a good friend.Q:What else can we learn about many of the stressors in modern life?in origin Text AThe Useful LanguageThe Useful Language Finally,many of the s

34、tressors in modern life are impersonal in origin.Their medical problems are basically physical in origin.Q:What kind of stressors do we all experience?over the long term Text AThe Useful LanguageThe Useful Language Thus the stressors that we all experience tend to persist over the long term,and the

35、stress they arouse is often not effectively relieved through socially acceptable channels.Over the long term,secondhand smoke also raises the risk of disease in nonsmokers.Q:What will you have to do when you are out of the door?bumper-to-bumper commuter traffic The Useful LanguageThe Useful Language

36、 Text AYou must sit in bumper-to-bumper commuter traffic,worrying about whether youll have time to prepare for an important meeting.Police cordoned off the road and diverted commuter traffic.Q:What do you tend to do in the afternoon?blow up at sb.Text AThe Useful LanguageThe Useful Language In the a

37、fternoon you blow up at a subordinate,then stew about your outburst.Mother will blow up at you when she finds her best dishes brokenQ:When is the only chance you have to recuperate?collapse in bedText AThe Useful LanguageThe Useful Language Your stress level has remained elevated all day,and the onl

38、y chance you have to recuperate is when you collapse in bed at nightA few days after his collapse he was sitting up in bedThe Harmful Effects of StressVideo learningThe Harmful Effects of StressVideo learning1 Stress can your body.2.Everyday stress from your job to your personal life can trigger ten

39、sion headaches and migraines.3.People who are overly anxious tend to at night,which can cause jaw pain,and in serious cases,damage to teeth.4.Many people in the neck,back and shoulders.5.Stress raises your blood pressure,and also leaves your body unhealthy hormones like adrenaline and cortisone.6.Du

40、ring stressful times,your central nervous system cuts off blood flow to your digestive muscles,which can cause indigestion,nausea,.7.Stress can also trigger like asthma,psoriasis and restless leg syndrome.do a number on grind their teeth hold their tension vulnerable to irritable bowel syndrome and

41、ulcerspreexisting problems Defining Coping MechanismVideo learningDefining Coping MechanismVideo learningCoping mechanismsBasically what we do to manage any insecure feeling,such as .The way that we .Acting out What you do ，either emotionally or behaviorally.Attacking Where people who are feeling st

42、ress or agitation act out on you,beating you down or .Fantasy Where people escape into .Regression Avoiding problems and getting back to a lesser .Undoing Undoing wrong things,wrongful things of the doer,something that people do when they dont want to .angersadness，guilt，shamehandle stresswhen you f

43、eel pressurethreatening youa different kind of realitystate of mindconfront an issueDefining Coping MechanismVideo learning1.Stress can do a number on your body.2.Everyday stress from your job to your personal life can trigger tension headaches and migraines.3.People who are overly anxious tend to g

44、rind their teeth at night,which can cause jaw pain,and in serious cases,damage to teeth.4.Many people hold their tension in the neck,back and shoulders.5.Stress raises your blood pressure,and also leaves your body vulnerable to unhealthy hormones like adrenaline and cortisone.6.During stressful time

45、s,your central nervous system cuts off blood flow to your digestive muscles,which can cause indigestion,nausea,irritable bowel syndrome and ulcers.7.Stress can also trigger preexisting problems like asthma,psoriasis and restless leg syndrome.How Reducing Stress Can Improve Your HealthVideo learning1

46、.What happens during the stress response according to the speaker?2.What can the stress hormones do?3.What is likely to occur when adrenalin causes the muscle to be tense and tighten?4.What may happen when adrenalin causes the blood vessels to constrict?5.What does the speaker say about adrenalin an

47、d fat?6.What if cortisol increase blood sugar?7.What can happen when cortisol reduces calcium absorption?8.What are other harmful effects of cortisol according to the speaker?How Reducing Stress Can Improve Your HealthVideo learning1.What happens during the stress response according to the speaker?2

48、.What can the stress hormones do?3.What is likely to occur when adrenalin causes the muscle to be tense and tighten?4.What may happen when adrenalin causes the blood vessels to constrict?Stress hormones like adrenalin and cortisol are released into the body.They can potentially cause long-term pain,

49、discomfort even illness and disease if not flushed out of the body through massage，exercise or movement.It can potentially cause chronic headaches.It can potentially lead to high blood pressure.How Reducing Stress Can Improve Your HealthVideo learning5.What does the speaker say about adrenalin and f

50、at?6.What if cortisol increase blood sugar?7.What can happen when cortisol reduces calcium absorption?8.What are other harmful effects of cortisol according to the speaker?Adrenalin also releases fat or uses energy,and if all of this fat isnt used，it can potentially be deposited along artery walls a