最新中考初中语法之现在完成时讲解+练习.docx

1、中考初中语法之现在完成时讲解+练习现在完成时 表达式 have done(动词过去分词)用法：1. 表示过去发生的动作或状态一直持续到现在，还有可能要持续下去（强调持续性），常用for时间段/since时间点连用 I have studied English for five years/since five years ago.2. 表示过去发生的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果（强调影响性） Tom is pleased that he has found his lost watch. Why do you look so tired? Because we have worked fo

2、r three hours without stopping.现在完成时 表达式 have done变式： 1. have been to 去过(回来了) 2.have gone to 去了(没回来) 3. have been in 在某地呆了. 例句：1. I have never been to Shanghai. 2.- Where is your mother? -My mother has gone to the supermarket.3. John has been in China for five years.注意：在“it is the first/second.time

3、that.。”或在“it/this/that is the +最高级+名词+that.。”结构中，that从句中的动词常用现在完成时；表示到说话时为止动作发生过几次。在“it + be.+since从句”这一结构中，be可用一般现在时或现在完成时，since从句一般用过去时。have/has/had +been +动词的现在进行时。1）现在完成时和一般过去时都能表示过去发生过的动作，但现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响，并且表示这一动作已完成或还可能继续下去；2）而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系，仅表示过去的动作，且这一动作到说话时已终止。因此现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间如：in1949

4、，yesterday，last week等的状语连用，并且用when或where对这些时间和地点状语提问时，一般只用一般过去时。典型例题-No, this is the first time I _ here.was B. have been C. came D. am coming答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。-No, its the first time I _ here.even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何

5、时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month.随堂练习11.William Shakespeare_four centuries,b

6、ut his works are still famous today.A.has been dead B.has diedC.died D.was dead2.My brother has owned this model plane_. A.for twelve years ago B.since he was four C.twelve years ago D.at the age of four3. -When did the Whites come to China? -They _China for seven years. A.have come to B.have been i

7、n C.have come in D.have been to课后练习（用单词的适当形式填空）1).- _ you _(write )your letter yet ? Yes, I _ (write ) it last night .2) - Jim _ ( not finish ) his homework yet .When _ he _(finish ) it? - Maybe tomorrow .3) -I _ never _ (be) to America before . What about you ? -I _ (go) there last year .4) Where i

8、s your father ? -He _ (go ) to Beijing . He _ (leave ) five days ago . 5)-Im sorry to keep you waiting here. -Oh, it doesnt matter . I _ (be) here for only a few minutes . 6) We will wait here until another bus _ (come ) .7) Have you finished your homework ,Tom ? Not yet . I _ (do) it now . 8)- When

9、 _ you _ (plant ) the tree ? Last year.9) I dont know if Mary _ (come) .If she _ (come), Ill tell her what to do . 10)- _ you _ (go) and _ (see) a film with me tonight ? -No, I wont . I _ (see) it already一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1阅读理解 Mr. and Mrs. Smith have two children, Kevin and Jenny. The whole family are

10、all busy, so they often leave notes to each other. Here are these four notes of today.3:30 pmTo Kevin, Mr. King rang, telling there is no football practice today, and he asked you to get ready for the football match tomorrow.Jenny4:00 pmTo Jenny,Its your turn to walk our pet dog Teddy and play with

11、him after school.Kevin6:45 pmTo all, Has anyone found my tennis shoes? Im doing my homework in my bedroom.Kevin9:00 pmTo Kevin, I saw your shoes this morning. They smelt terrible so I put them outside the back door. Good night, dear!Mum（1）_ was asked to walk the pet dog after school. A.MumB.KevinC.J

12、enny（2）Kevin was doing his homework in the _. A.bedroomB.gardenC.living room（3）Kevin could find his tennis shoes _at 6:45 pm. A.under the deskB.outside the back doorC.in the bag（4）What will Kevin probably do tomorrow? A.Play with Teddy.B.Play tennis.C.Play in a football match.（5）What can we learn fr

13、om the notes? A.Teddy doesnt like to stay at home.B.Mr. King may be a coach.C.Mum washed Kevins shoes.【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）B（4）C（5）B 【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文讲述了斯密斯夫妇有两个儿女。一个是凯文 ，另一个是珍妮。由于比较忙，所以他们彼此留言。本材料就他们之间的留言。 （1）细节理解题。根据To Jenny，Its your turn to walk our pet dog Teddy and play with him after school，珍妮，轮到你今天放学

14、后遛咱们的宠物狗泰迪。故选C。 （2）细节理解题，根据6：45 pm，To all，Has anyone found my tennis shoes？Im doing my homework in my bedroom，Kevin，可知，时间6：45，有谁见到我的网球鞋，我在卧室做作业。故答案选A。 （3）细节理解题。根据I saw your shoes this morning. They smelt terrible so I put them outside the back door. Good night，dear! Mum. 可知，我在今天早上看到你的鞋，太难闻了，于是我就把它们后

15、门的外面。可知可以在后门外找到球鞋。故选B。 （4）细节理解题。根据To Kevin，Mr，King rang，telling there is no football practice today，and he asked you to get ready for the football match tomorrow，致凯文，王先生打电话，说今天不进行足球训练，他让你准备一下明天的足球比赛，可知明天凯文要参加足球比赛。故选C。 （5）细节推断题。根据To Kevin，Mr，King rang，telling there is no football practice today，and h

16、e asked you to get ready for the football match tomorrow，致凯文，王先生打电话，说今天不进行足球训练，他让你准备一下明天的足球比赛。可知王先生可能是一位足球教练。故选B。 【点评】此题考查阅读理解。先分析问题，然后带着问题仔细阅读图表中的内容，从细节中找出问题的信息确定正确答案。2阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Meiyu, born in 1995, is from Turkey (土耳其). She is the youngest child of her family. After high scho

17、ol, many people learned English or Japanese, but Meiyu decided to learn Chinese in university. She learned Chinese for four years in Ankara University in Turkey, and got her name Meiyu there. Meiyu fell in love with Chinese after going to university. She became more interested after she knew more ab

18、out Chinese history. She graduated (毕业) from Ankara University in 2017. Since then, more Chinese have been visiting Turkey. The trade between the two countries also needs Chinese-speaking people. Speaking Chinese means more job opportunities said Meiyu. Now Meiyu has been in Wuhan, China for about t

19、wo years.Besides going on studying Chinese, she shows great interest in Chinese kung fu as well, so she spends her free time on kung fu training with her coaches. Not only can kung fu help improve (改善) her health, but she is also interested in the history and culture behind it. Meiyu said, The more

20、I know about China, the luckier I feel to have been here. But the truth is that fun and pain go together in the process of learning. In the future, Meiyu decides to go back to Turkey to teach more students to learn Chinese.（1）Where did Meiyu learn Chinese at first? A.In China.B.In Turkey.C.In India.

21、D.In Australia.（2）How old was Meuyu when she graduated from Ankara University in 2017? A.22B.25C.27D.18（3）Whats probably the meaning of the word opportunities in this passage? A.decisionsB.ordersC.meaningsD.chances（4）Why does Meiyu spend her free time on kung fu training with her coaches? A.Because

22、she shows great interest in Chinese kung fu.B.Because she has to learn kung fu to graduate.C.Because she wants to teach kung fu in Turkey.D.Because she wants to take part in kung fu competitions.（5）What can you learn from the passage? A.Meiyu is the only child of her family.B.Meiyu is not interested

23、 in Chinese now.C.Chinese culture has greatly influenced Meiyu.D.Meiyu decides to stay in China in the future.【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）D（4）A（5）C 【解析】【分析】大意：中国文化深深影响了了一位土耳其大学生，美玉。 （1）细节题。根据 She learned Chinese for four years in Ankara University in Turkey, 可知，他最初是在土耳其大学学习汉语，故选B。 （2）细节题。根据 Meiyu, born in 1995,

24、可知，2017年她22岁，故选A。 （3）词义猜测题。根据 The trade between the two countries also needs Chinese-speaking people. Speaking Chinese means more job opportunities said Meiyu.可知，两国贸易需要会说汉语的人，说汉语意味着有更多就业机会，推出oportunities意思为机会，故选D。 （4）细节题。根据 she shows great interest in Chinese kung fu as well, so she spends her free

25、time on kung fu training with her coaches.可知，因为她喜欢中国功夫，所以才和教练用空闲时间学中国功夫，故选A。 （5）主旨题。本文主要讲述一位土耳其大学生，美玉深受中国文化的影响，故选A。 【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住问题的关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。3阅读理解 Edinburgh is the worlds festival city. The city holds 12 festivals throughout the year, half of which are c

26、elebrated during the months of July and August. Hundreds of thousands of people visit the Scottish capital during the summer. Here are some of the events they can enjoy.The Edinburgh International Festival This is the original (最初的) Edinburgh festival, which began in 1947. Actors, musicians, dancers

27、 and opera singers from all over the world perform for large audiences. You need tickets for most of the festivals events, which take place in theaters around the city.The Edinburgh Festival Fringe This is the largest art festival in the world, with thousands of performances. Anyone can perform at t

28、he festival. Over 20,000 artists can take part. Go to the Royal Mile, one of Edinburghs main streets, to watch performers such as magicians, acrobats (杂技演员) and comedians. However, it can get very busy, as thousands of tourists and local (当地的) people fill the city streets to enjoy the shows.The Edin

29、burgh International Book Festival The largest book festival in the world began in 1983 and takes place every year in Charlotte Square Gardens in the center of Edinburgh. There are over 700 events for children and adults. You can meet many authors, talk to them, ask them to sign a book or listen to t

30、hem talk about their stories.The Edinburgh Jazz and Blues Festival Music lovers come to this festival to enjoy musical performances all over the city. Artists perform street theater, dance and circus (马戏) shows in amazing costumes (戏装). Everyone can enjoy the music and dance performances.（1）What do

31、we know from Paragraph 1? A.Edinburgh is famous for its festivals.B.Edinburgh is the capital of Wales.C.Six of Edinburghs festivals are held in July.D.Summer is not the best time to visit Edinburgh.（2）Which of the following is the largest art festival in the world? A.The Edinburgh International Fest

32、ival.B.The Edinburgh Festival Fringe.C.The Edinburgh International Book Festival.D.The Edinburgh Jazz and Blues Festival.（3）Where is the Edinburgh International Book Festival held? A.At theaters around the city.B.In the Royal Mile.C.In Charlotte Square Gardens.D.On Edinburghs main streets.（4）What is

33、 the purpose of the story? A.To describe the city of Edinburgh.B.To describe some festivals in Edinburgh.C.To prove that Edinburgh is the worlds art center.D.To encourage more artists to perform in Edinburgh.【答案】 （1）A（2）B（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】主要讲了Edinburgh的四个节日。 （1）细节题。根据Edinburgh is the worlds festival

34、city.可知Edinburgh是世界的节日城市，即以它的节日闻名，故选A。 （2）细节题。根据第二个表格This is the largest art festival in the world可知the Edinburgh Festival Fringe是世界上最大的艺术节，故选B。 （3）细节题。根据第三个表格The largest book festival in the world began in 1983 and takes place every year in Charlotte Square Gardens in the center of Edinburgh.可知在Cha

35、rlotte Square Gardens举行，故选C。 （4）细节题。根据全文可知主要讲了Edinburgh的四个节日，故选B。 【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。4阅读理解 Almost every Chinese can recite the famous poem, Every grain on the plate comes from hard work(谁知盘中餐, 粒粒皆辛苦).But sadly, many of us dont actually get the real meaning of these lines：Dont waste food.

36、 A CCTV programme, News One Plus One, reported that the food Chinese people throw away every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year. Do we have too much food? No, according to the UN World Food Programme, there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2010, especially in deve

37、loping countries.6 million children die of hunger every year. Chinese people are well-known for being generous. Many even feel that they will lose face if their guests have eaten all the food on the table. Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food. In November, 2011, Li

38、 Hong, a waitress in a restaurant in Nanjing, became famous because she took some leftover(剩余的)food home for her son. Many people stood by her side and agreed that it was not right to waste food. What should we do in our daily lives to save food? Here are some tips： Do not order too much in a restau

39、rant. Only order what you want to eat. If you cannot eat all the food you ordered, take the rest of it home. Dont be too picky(挑剔的)about food. Some food may not taste great, but your body needs it. Keep an eye on what food you have at home. Dont buy too much, especially vegetables and fruit.（1）Accor

40、ding to News One Plus One, Chinese people . A.save enough food to feed 200 million people for a yearB.throw away lots of food every yearC.get enough food to feed millions of people every yearD.have to feed 200 million hungry people every year（2）In the third paragraph, we know that . A.we have too mu

41、ch food to feed people in the worldB.there were 925 million people in developing countriesC.because of hunger, 6 million children die every yearD.there are only a few people getting hungry every year（3）From the fourth and fifth paragraphs, we can conclude(得出结论)that . A.all Chinese people are generou

42、sB.Chinese people always waste foodC.Li Hong became famous because she wasted foodD.everyone should get into the habit of saving food（4）Whats the main topic of the passage? A.Dont waste food.B.Many people die of hunger.C.Dont be picky about food.D.Eat all the food you order.【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A 【解析

43、】【分析】主要讲了许多人现在已经意识到节约食物食的重要性及在日常生活中节约食物的方式。 （1）细节题。根据A CCTV programme, News One Plus One, reported that the food Chinese people throw away every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year.可知央视节目新闻一加一报道说，中国人每年扔掉的食物足以养活一年2亿人，即中国人每年扔掉许多食物，故选B。 （2）细节题。根据there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2010, especially in developing countries.6 million children die of hunger every year.可知201