最新高中英语阅读理解(科普环保)练习题.doc

1、最新高中英语阅读理解(科普环保)练习题一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space. This findi

2、ng suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over ne

3、xt several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling. This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists hav

4、e suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat. Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozon

5、e (臭氧) levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on

6、 the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling. We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Scientists tracked the change in amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a

7、measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined whe

8、n fire returns 20 years earlier than predicated, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost fr

9、om the earth.（1）According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may _. A.result in a warming climateB.cause the forest fires to occur more frequentlyC.lead to a longer fire seasonD.protect the forests and the environment there（2）The following are all the immediate effect

10、s after a forest fire EXCEPT _. A.large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphereB.the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increaseC.snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into spaceD.ashes from the fire fall on the ice surface and take in more radiation from the sun（3）Earlier st

11、udies about northern forest fires _. A.analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climateB.indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphereC.suggest that people should take measures to protect the environmentD.suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming（4）The underlined phras

12、e soak up in the last paragraph most probably means _. A.releasedB.absorbedC.createdD.distributed（5）From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may _. A.warm the climate as the supposition goesB.allow more snow to reflect more sunlight into space and thu

13、s cool the climateC.destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea iceD.help to gain more energy rather than release more energy【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）D（4）B（5）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了阿拉斯加、加拿大和西伯利亚的森林大火使气候变暖，科学家们已经发现，在燃烧的树木允许更多的雪将更多的阳光反射到太空的地区可能会发生冷却。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“This finding suggests that t

14、aking steps to prevent northern forest fires to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions”这样的措施最终导致了北部地区的气候变暖。故选A。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered

15、 the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling.”可知地上的雪反射阳光这是大火的间接的影响，是在第二年春天的时候发生的事情，并不是immediate effects。故选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse ga

16、ses from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.”可知早期关于北方森林火灾的研究建议大火将加速气候变暖，故选D。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space.”可知该词与send

17、 back该词相反的意思，故应该指吸收，因为send back指反射。故选B。 （5）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.”可知从这个研究中得到的结论是B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D

18、四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。 When we see a person in trouble, the first idea that comes to our mind is to lend a hand. But what if we see an animal in trouble, does the same rule apply? This question was raised after a group of penguins were saved from an icy gully (峡谷) in Antarctica. It was filmed for the BB

19、C wildlife series Dynasties. The film crew were anxious when they saw that a group of penguins had fallen into a gully and been trapped with their young. They built a slope (斜坡) so that a few of the penguins could save themselves. The case has taken the international media by storm. Viewers watching

20、 this film let out a sigh of relief. Im so glad. I understand not taking action directly, but a helping hand isnt bothering, right? viewer Kathryn Shaw said on her Facebook. However, others think human interference (干涉) is unnatural. You cant have sunshine throughout your life. To have done anything

21、 else would only make matters worse, said the shows creator David Attenborough, according to The Times. In this case, however, Mike Gunton, the executive producer of the series, said that this was a one-off situation. There were no animals going to suffer by interfering. You werent touching the anim

22、als and it was just felt by doing this. they had the chance not to have to keep slipping down the slope, he told the BBC. Such cases are familiar to Paul Nicklen, wildlife photographer for National Geographic. He told Metro, If its ever a predator (捕食者) situation, no matter how gut-wrenching, you st

23、ay out of the way. Even when youre watching a male polar bear eat a baby bear. Theres no rule book in those situations. You can only respond to the facts that are right there in front of you, Will Lawson, the shows director, told Daily Mail.（1）What has led to a heated media discussion? A.Peoples var

24、ious remarks on penguins.B.The rescue of penguins from a gully.C.Some penguins sufferings in a gully.D.Ways of filming the series Dynasties.（2）Who holds a positive attitude towards human interference? A.Kathryn Shaw.B.Will Lawson.C.Paul Nieklen.D.David Attenborough.（3）Which of the following best exp

25、lains the word gut-wrenching underlined in paragraph 6? A.Putting one in place.B.Making one confused.C.Putting one in danger.D.Making one heartbroken.（4）What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Reasons for the Necessity of Lending a Hand to AnimalsB.Suggestions on How to Protect Animals From Dan

26、gerC.Effects of Human Interference on Dangerous AnimalsD.Opinions on Whether to Help Animals in Trouble or Not【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了当动物们面临危险时，我们是否要伸出援救之手，以及如何去保护它们脱险。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The film crew were anxious when they saw that a group of penguins had fallen into a gully and b

27、een trapped with their young. They built a slope（斜坡）so that a few of the penguins could save themselves.”和第三段中的“The case has taken the international media by storm”可知，从峡谷中救出企鹅这一事件引起了大家的热议。故选B。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Im so glad. I understand not taking action directly, but a helping hand isnt bothering, r

28、ight? viewer Kathryn Shaw said on her Facebook.”可知，她对帮助动物是很赞成的，故选A。 （3）考查词义猜测。根据上文大家对干涉动物的行为有不同观点，再结合下文的“you stay out of the way. Even when youre watching a male polar bear eat a baby bear.可知，此句句意为：如果这是个捕食的情景，无论你是多么的心碎，你都不能干预。结合四个选项可知，此处用Making one heartbroken（心碎）最合句意。故选D。 （4）考查主旨大意。本文就救助企鹅的视频引发的热议讲

29、述了当动物面临危险时，我们如何伸出援助之手给出了一些建议。因此，本文的最佳标题应为“若何保护动物脱险的建议”。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3犇犇阅读理解 Three-quarters of the worlds coffee farms destroy forest habitat to grow coffee in the sun and typically use harmful pesticides (杀虫剂)

30、 and chemicals that poison the environment. When forests disappear, migratory (迁徙的) songbirds disappear, too. In order to deal with severe population and habitat loss, Smithsonian scientists created the Bird Friendly certification. Bird Friendly coffees are shade-grown, meaning the coffee is planted

31、 under trees, rather than on the land that has been cleared of all other plants. Coffee experts say shade-grown coffees taste better, because the beans ripen slower than coffee grown in the full sun, resulting in a richer, more complex flavor. Bird Friendly certified coffees grow under bio-diverse s

32、hade that provides habitat for migratory songbirds and other wildlife, stores carbon and fights climate change. Bird Friendly coffees are also certified organic, meaning they are grown without pesticides, which is better for people and for the planet. Bird Friendly producers can also earn more for t

33、heir crops. The wood and fruit trees on shade coffee farms provide farmers with additional income. Every cup of Bird Friendly coffee purchased rewards these farmers with a little more money for being good stewards of the environment and encourages them to continue conserving Bird Friendly habitat. B

34、uying Bird Friendly supports the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Centers conservation research aimed at understanding and protecting your feathered friends. You can purchase Bird Friendly certified coffees around the world and protect wildlife and habitat with every cup. Find a store or cafe near you, or

35、 better yet, have it shipped to your door when you order online.（1）What is the present situation of coffee farms? A.One fourth of them have destroyed forest habitat for birds.B.Pesticides and chemicals used on them poisoned many birds.C.Farmers have been aware of environment protection.D.Scientists

36、pay attention to them and have come up with an idea.（2）Whats a characteristic of Bird Friendly coffees? A.They may have a better taste.B.They have a strange flavor.C.They take less time to ripen.D.They are grown on unpolluted land.（3）How can Bird Friendly farmers earn more money? A.By charging consu

37、mers more money.B.By selling fruits and wood from trees.C.By cutting down trees and selling wood.D.By serving as stewards of coffee consumers.（4）What does the text suggest coffee consumers do? A.Consume less coffee.B.Order coffee online.C.Purchase shade-grown coffee.D.Donate to coffee farmers.【答案】 （

38、1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，为了应对严重的迁徙鸟类的数量和栖息地损失，史密森尼的科学家创造了 the Bird Friendly certification 。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ In order to deal with severe population and habitat loss, Smithsonian scientists created the Bird Friendly certification. ”可知，科学家们重视咖啡生长地的问题，并以想出应对办法，故选D。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ Coffee

39、experts say shade-grown coffees taste better, because the beans ripen slower than coffee grown in the full sun, resulting in a richer, more complex flavor. ”咖啡专家说，阴凉处种植的咖啡味道更好，因为豆子比太阳下的咖啡成熟得慢，会产生更丰富，更复杂的味道。故选A。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ The wood and fruit trees on shade coffee farms provide farmers with ad

40、ditional income. ”可知，咖啡种植者可以通过咖啡树上方的the wood and fruit trees增加收入，故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ You can purchase Bird Friendly certified coffees around the world and protect wildlife and habitat with every cup ”你能在全世界买Bird Friendly 认证的咖啡，每杯都保护野生动物和栖息地，故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同

41、时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. Studies show that older people tend to remember the positive things in life rather than the negative things, while younger people remember the positive and negative equally we

42、ll. The dominant psychological theory to explain this is that older people are aware of their limited time left, so they prioritize positive emotional experiences. But about a decade ago, I worked with biologist Robert Trivers on his idea that there was an evolutionary basis for older peoples increa

43、sed positive outlook. Our research took us in the fascinating direction of exploring how the body uses its energy. When our ancestors needed more energy than usual, perhaps while being chased by a tiger, they had to get that energy from somewhere in the body. Could they borrow it from the brain? Tha

44、t organ uses 20 percent of our metabolic (新陈代谢) output, whether we are solving math problems or watching television reruns. Due to this constant energy requirement, borrowing energy from the brain when our need surpasses the available supply is not an option. Perhaps we could borrow energy from our

45、muscles. Because we use far more muscle energy when we are active than when at rest, in principle, we could borrow energy when we are sitting. But the problem is that most of the energy-demanding emergencies of our ancestors required a muscular response. There was no way to borrow energy from our mu

46、scles during an emergency because relaxing when a tiger showed up was not an effective response. This brings us to our immune system, which, when strong, protects us from many illnesses and diseases. Like the brain, the immune system works at great metabolic cost, but largely in the service of keepi

47、ng us healthy in the future. We have an enormous number of immune cells coursing through our body, a momentary break from production is fine. So, when our body needs extra energy, one of the places it goes is our immune function. When youre being chased by a tiger, you dont need to waste energy making immune cells to fight off tomorrows cold. What you need is to shift all availa