高中英语新译林版选择性必修四U2课文翻译和词汇汇总.doc

1、高中英语选必四U2课文翻译和词汇一、课文翻译Effective communication有效沟通If you heard someone shout, “Hey you!” from across the room, how would youreact? Just these two words can carry much information.They could be interpretedas a welcoming greeting from a close friend, especially ifaccompanied by a gentlesmile.When spoke

2、n by a stranger, they canfunction as a means of attracting yourattention.Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on the words we use,but also on how we use them.So, lets look a little deeper into the topic ofcommunication.如果你听到有人喊:“嘿，你!，你会有什么反应?仅仅这两个词就能传达很多信息。这句话可以被理解为来自亲密朋友的欢迎问候，尤其是伴随着温柔的

3、微笑。当陌生人和你说话时，它们可以作为一种吸引你注意力的方式。我们交流的内容不仅取决于我们使用的词语，还取决于我们如何使用它们。所以，让我们更深入地了解一下沟通这个话题。Communication is the exchange of information between a sender and a receiver.The senderencodes a messageand sends it face to face, or through video, telephone,mailor social media.This message is then received anddec

4、oded by the receiver.Inresponse, the receiver sends an encoded message back, which is referred to asfeedback.This feedback is decoded by the original sender and the entire cyclerepeats itself until they have finished communicating.沟通是发送者和接收者之间的信息交换。发送者对信息进行编码，然后面对面发送，或者通过视频、电话、邮件或社交媒体。然后这个信息被接收方接收并解

5、码。作为响应，接收方发送一个编码后的消息，这被称为反馈。这个反馈被最初的发送者解码，整个循环不断重复，直到他们完成交流。This complex process can be challenging but, with practice and patience, youcan becomea highly competent communicator.To accomplish this, you need toknow with whom you are communicating.What is their age or job position? What istheir relati

6、onship to you? What expectations and cultural background do they have?Once you haveobtained this information, you can then use it to determine how bestto communicate with them.Depending on if you are communicating with a stranger,friend, family member, or co-worker, you will need to decide which com

7、municationchannelbest suits the situation.Furthermore, you will need to determine theappropriate style to use and how complex your choice of words should be.Forexample, if you are a business personnegotiating with a large enterpriseabout a deal,you should do it face to face, using formal language,in

8、 a straightforward manner.这个复杂的过程可能是有挑战性的，但是，通过练习和耐心，你可以成为一个非常有能力的沟通者。要做到这一点，你需要知道你在和谁交流。他的年龄或职位是什么?他们和你是什么关系?他们有什么样的期望和文化背景?一旦你获得了这些信息，你就可以用它来决定如何与他们沟通。这取决于你在与陌生人、朋友、家人或同事交流时，需要决定哪种交流渠道最适合这种情况。此外，您还需要确定要使用的适当的风格以及您选择词汇的复杂程度。例如，如果你是一个商务人士，正在与一家大企业谈判一笔交易，你应该面对面，使用正式语言，以一种直截了当的方式进行谈判。Your body languag

9、e is equally important, since it reveals a lot about yourthoughts and attitudes.Make sure it clearly supports the message you want to deliver.A smile shows you areattentive to the issues you are discussing, while looking awaywith your arms foldedcanindicate disinterest and create distrust or cause f

10、riction.Additionally, you should not ignore the other persons body language, which willgive you clues as to whether the conversation is going well or not.When you noticea change in the other persons body language, you should adjust how you arecommunicating accordingly.If someone looks at you with a

11、confused expression,this could indicate that they have not completely understood your point.You willneed toclarify your message before moving on.你的肢体语言同样重要，因为它透露了很多你的想法和态度。确保它清楚地支持您想要传递的消息。微笑表明你对正在讨论的问题很关注，而双臂交叉望向别处则表示不感兴趣、产生不信任或引起摩擦。此外，你不应该忽视对方的肢体语言，它会给你一些线索，让你知道谈话是否进行得顺利。当你注意到对方的肢体语言有变化时，你应该相应地调整你

12、的沟通方式。如果有人带着困惑的表情看着你，这可能表明他们没有完全理解你的观点。在继续之前，你需要阐明你的信息。While beingknowledgeable aboutbody language isvital, the value ofempathyshould not be understated.Seek to understand the other persons emotions, byputting yourself in their shoesandlooking at the situation from their perspective.Some issues may

13、be complicated and you may be confused about why others feel oract the way they do.If you give serious consideration to their points of view,however, you will be able to see whataccounts fortheir emotions andempathizewith them.You may notapprove of their ideasbut at least you will see where theyare

14、coming from, which means you canmake adjustments to your own tone andchoice of words.Suppose you are discussing a project with your partner, who hasjust lost an important basketball game and isinactive.To engage him or her in thediscussion and make your communication more effective, you may express

15、yoursympathyby, for instance, saying, “I understand how you feel.”虽然了解肢体语言至关重要，但同理心的价值也不应被低估。试着理解对方的情绪，设身处地地从他们的角度来看问题。有些问题可能很复杂，你可能会困惑为什么其他人会有这样的感觉或行为。然而，如果你认真考虑他们的观点，你就能看到是什么导致了他们的情绪，并与他们产生共鸣。你可能不赞成他们的想法，但至少你会看到他们的想法，这意味着你可以调整自己的语气和用词。假设你正在和你的伙伴讨论一个项目，他刚刚输了一场重要的篮球比赛，很不活跃。为了让他或她参与讨论，使你的沟通更有效，你可以表达你

16、的同情，例如，说:“我理解你的感受.”。Effective communication will allow you totackle differences anddisagreements appropriatelyand improve your interactions with others.Goodcommunication skills will also help you build trust and gain other peoples respect,allowing relationships to become morepositive and productive.

17、So, get practisingand good luck!有效的沟通将使你能够适当地处理分歧和分歧，并改善你与他人的互动。良好的沟通技巧也能帮助你建立信任，赢得他人的尊重，让人际关系变得更加积极和富有成效。所以，努力尝试吧，祝你好运!Extended readingBorrowed words外来词“The sushi restaurantsmenuwas confusing.” Is there anything special aboutthis sentence? Well, all the words except “the” and was” are borrowed from

18、 otherlanguages! This comes as n surprise,giventhat English has borrowed words frommore than 300 different languages, including Latin, Greek, French and Chinese.However, English is not alone in borrowing words from other languages borrowed words can be found in almost all languages.For example, Chin

19、ese wordsthat are originally from the English language include “培根” (bacon), “坦克” (tank)and “高尔夫” (golf), and Japanese has borrowed words like “豆腐” (tofu) fromChinese.“The sushi restaurants menu was confusing.”“寿司店的菜单太混乱了。”这句话有什么特别之处吗?嗯，除了“the”和“was”之外，所有的单词都是从其他语言拿来的!已知英语从300多种不同的语言(包括拉丁语、希腊语、法语和汉语

20、)中借用了词汇，这让人很惊讶。然而，英语并不是唯一从其他语言中借用词汇的语言几乎所有的语言都有借用词汇。例如,中国是来自英语的词语,包括“培根”(bacon),”坦克”(tank)和“高尔夫”(golf)和日本借了这样的词“豆腐”(tofu)来自中国。Word borrowing comes about when two cultures with different languagesinteract.This tends to happen when there is no suitable word for an object or idea inthe native tongue.Th

21、is phenomenon has been occurring for thousands of years.Inthe current age of globalization, when communication technology brings differentcultures closer together, words are even more likely to be borrowed straight from thesource language at a faster pace than ever before, especially those related t

22、otechnological developments, such as “email” and “Internet”.当两种不同语言的文化相互作用时，就产生了外来词。当母语中没有合适的词来表达一个物体或想法时，这种情况就会发生。这种现象已经发生了几千年。在当今的全球化时代，通信技术使不同的文化更加紧密地联系在一起，词汇更有可能以比以往更快的速度直接从源语言中借用，特别是那些与技术发展有关的词汇，如“email”和“Internet”。Though borrowing words has become faster, the process is still complex, and itta

23、kes time before new words are integrated into everyday speech.At first, theborrowed word is only used bybilingual speakers.It then spreads to people who donot know the original language, and they will change the pronunciation to fit theway they speak, almost unknowingly.An example of this is the wor

24、d “kung fu”,which refers to Chinese martial arts.This word comes from the Chinese words “功夫” (gongfu).Over time, the sounds that were difficult to pronouncewere replacedwithmore familiar ones.The longera borrowed word hasbeen in use, the more itsounds and even looks like the native language.虽然借用单词的速

25、度变快了，但过程仍然很复杂，而且要将新单词融入日常用语需要时间。起初，外来词只有双语使用者才会使用。然后传播给不懂母语的人，他们会在几乎不知情的情况下改变发音，以适应自己的说话方式。一个例子就是“功夫”这个词，它指的是中国武术。这个词来自于汉字“功夫”(武术)。随着时间的推移，那些难以发音的声音被更熟悉的声音所取代。外来词用的越久，它听起来甚至看起来就越像本国的词。Borrowed words are an outcome of language development that could hardly beavoided, but some language communitiesoppo

26、se adopting words from othercultures.There are countries thatmake interventionsto keep their native languagepurein order to defend their identity.The French specifically have an officialorganization that creates new words, in order to avoid borrowed words.Somelanguages have an extremely small number

27、 of speakers, such as the NativeAmerican Navajo Indian language, used only bythe members of the tribe.Underthis circumstance, it becomesa matter of survivalfor the native language torejectoutside influences.外来词是语言发展的必然结果，这是不可避免的，但一些语言团体反对从其他文化中吸收外来词。有些国家为了保护自己的身份，会进行干预，以保持本国语言的纯正性。为了避免外来词，法国有专门的官方组织

28、来创造新词。有些语言只有极少数人使用，例如印第安土著纳瓦霍语，只有部落成员使用。在这种情况下，拒绝外来影响就成了母语的生存问题。While some communitiesare pessimistic aboutthe exchange betweenlanguages, there are also other languages thatreadilywelcome borrowed words.English, especially, is based on a mix of Latin, Greek and Germanic languages.TheEnglish-speaking

29、 community does not hesitate in absorbing foreign words into itsdaily vocabulary.In fact, there have never been any formal academic restrictions onnew borrowed words.Borrowing words allows the language to continue to develop,enabling the community to have a more efficient language which allows them

30、toshare their experiences with a new-found grace.It is also through those words thatnovel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently andquickly.虽然一些社区对语言之间的交流持悲观态度，但也有其他语言欢迎外来词汇。尤其是英语，它是由拉丁语、希腊语和日耳曼语混合而成的。说英语的群体会毫不犹豫地把外国词汇吸收到日常词汇中。事实上，从来没有任何正式的学术限制新的借用词。借用词汇可以使语言继续发展，使社区拥

31、有一种更有效的语言，使他们能够以一种新的优雅来分享他们的经验。也正是通过这些词语，新奇的思想得以传播，不同的信仰得以更方便快捷地交换。According to thelinguistEdward Sapir, “It would be difficult to point toacompletely isolated language,” and for better or for worse,the tendency to borrowwordshas never goneout of style.The more international and globalized the world

32、becomes, the more language characteristics will be shared between nations andcultures.根据语言学家爱德华萨皮尔(Edward Sapir)的说法，“很难指出一种完全孤立的语言”，无论好坏，借用词汇的趋势从未过时。世界越国际化、全球化，不同民族、不同文化之间的语言特征就越多。二、词汇1.react /rikt/ vi.对作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应(16)2.gentle /dentl/ adj.温柔的；温和的；柔和的(16)3.*encode /nkd/ vt.把编码；把译成电码（或密码）(16)4

33、.mail /mel/ n.电子邮件；邮政；邮件(16)5.*decode /di:kd/ vt.解（码），破译（尤指密码）(16)6.feedback /fi:dbk/ n.反馈，反应(16)petent /kmptnt/ adj.足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的(16)8.obtain /bten/ vt.获得，赢得(16)9.suit /su:t/ vt.满足需要；相配，合身n.套装，西装，西服(17)10.negotiate /nget/ vt.vi.谈判；商定，达成（协议）(17)11.enterprise /entpraz/ n.公司，企业；规划，事业(17)12.straightfo

34、rward /stretf:wd/ adj.坦诚的；简单的(17)13.fold /fld/ vt.折叠，对折；包，裹n.褶，褶层，折叠部分(17)14.friction /frkn/ n.争执；摩擦；摩擦力(17)15.clarify /klrfa/ vt.使更清晰易懂，阐明(17)16.knowledgeable /nldbl/ adj.博学的，有见识的(17)17.*empathy /emp/ n.同感，共鸣，同情(17)18.put yourself in sbs shoes处于某人的境地，设身处地(17)19.sympathy /smp/ n.同情；赞同(17)20.account

35、for sth是的说明（或原因）；（数量上、比例上）占(17)21.*empathize /empaz/ vi.有同感，产生共鸣(17)22.approve /pru:v/ vi.vt.赞成；批准，通过（计划、要求等）(17)23.approve of赞成，赞同(17)24.tone /tn/ n.语气，腔调；风格，特色(17)25.gain /gem/ vt.vi.获得；增进，增长；到达；（从中）受益n.好处，利益(17)26.*gesture /dest(r)/ n.手势，姿势；姿态，表示vi.vt.做手势，用手势表示(19)27.precisely /prsasl/ adv.准确地，恰好

36、地；细心地；正是，确实(19)28.vocabulary /vkbjlr/ n.词汇，词汇量(20)29.preference /prefrns/ n.偏爱；偏爱的事物(20)30.jam /dm/ n.果酱；拥挤，堵塞(20)31.somewhat /smwt/ adv.有点，有几分，稍微(20)32.*taboo /tbu:/ n.禁忌，忌讳；禁止，避讳(21)33.embarrassed /mbrst/ adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的(21)34.intention /ntenn/ n.意图，计划(21)35.correspond /krspnd/ vi.类似于；相一致，符合；通信(21

37、)36.behave /brhev/ vi.vt.表现得体，有礼貌；表现(21)37.tolerate /tlret/ vt.容许，允许；忍受，容忍；能经受(21)38.kindergarten /kndgtn/ n.学前班；幼儿园(23)39.recite /rsait/ vt.吟诵；列举(23)40.accent /ksent/ n.口音，腔调；重音；着重点，强调(23)41.handwriting /hndrat/ n.手写，书写；笔迹，书法(23)42.fluent /flu:nt/ adj.（尤指外语）流利的，熟练的(23)43.cooperate /kpreit/ vi.合作，协作

38、；协助，配台(23)44.cite /sait/ vt.提及，列举；引用，引述(23)45.broaden ones mind拓展视野，开阔眼界(23)46.tofu /tfu:/ n.豆腐(25)47.bacon /bekn/ n.咸猪肉，熏猪肉(25)48.tank /tk/ n.坦克；（贮放液体或气体的）罐(25)49.golf /glf/ n.高尔夫球运动(25)50.integrate /intigret/ vt.vi.（使）合并；（使）加入(25)51.*bilingual /balwl/ adj.会说两种语言的；用两种语言（写）的(25)52.*kung fu /kfu:/ n.

39、功夫(25)53.oppose /pz/ vt.反对，抵制；与对垒(25)54.intervention /ntvenn/ n.干涉，干预(25)55.pure /pj(r)/ adj.纯净的；完全的(25)56.*tribe /trab/ n.部落(26)57.reject /rdek/ vt.拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异(26)58.pessimistic /pesmstk/ adj.悲观的，悲观主义的(26)59.*Germanic /dmnk/ adj.日耳曼语的；德国的(26)60.linguist /lgwst/ n.语言学家；通晓数国语言的人(26)61.tendency /tendnsi/ n.趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好(26)62.skateboard /sketb:d/ n.滑板(27)63.canteen /knti:n/ n.食堂，餐厅(27)64.sincerely /snsl/ adv.真诚地，诚实地(27)65.slip /lp/ vi.滑倒；滑落；溜；陷入n.差错；纸条；滑跤(27)66.fence /fens/ n.栅栏，篱笆(27)67.contest /kntest/ n.比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争 /kntest/ vt.争取赢得；争辩，就提出异议(27)6