英语基础知识学习-课件.pptx

1、英语基础知识学习1ppt课件词的分类：词性 n pron adj adv v numstudent,schoolYou I heHappy,sad,angryquicklyCut,studyOne,twoA,an,theOn,in,toAnd,but,orOh,hiartprepconjinterj2ppt课件日期、节日 2017年9月4日星期一Monday September fourth 2017 父亲节 Fathers day星期星期 月月 日日 年年星期一：Monday 星期二：Tuesday 星期三：Wednesday 星期四：Thursday 星期五：Friday 星期六：Satu

2、rday 星期日：Sunday 一月January 二月 February 三月March 四月April 五月May 六月June 七月July 八月August 九月September 十月October 十一November 十二月December 3ppt课件英语句子种类英语句子种类I、句子种类（按交际用途分）句子种类（按交际用途分）陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、4ppt课件1、陈述句、陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，谓语在后。定式，语序是主语在前，谓语在后。eg:Light

3、 travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。（说明事实）The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。（说明看法）注：注：1）凡陈述句中的谓语部分有助动词）凡陈述句中的谓语部分有助动词be,have/has 或情态动或情态动can,may,must,will,shall等时，等时，其否定式只需在它们后面加其否定式只需在它们后面加not即可。即可。eg:Tom can speak English.Tom cannot speak English.I、句子种类句子种类5ppt课件2）如果陈述句中的谓语动词只是行为动词，而没有助动词或者形态动词时，其否定

4、形式要在行为动词前加do/does not;动词是过去时，在动词前加did not,后面的谓语动词用原形。eg:They went to shool by bike yesterday.They did not go to shlli by bike yesterday.6ppt课件2、疑问句、疑问句(Interrogative sentence)有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句。反义疑问句。I、句子种类句子种类1）一般疑问句）一般疑问句(General Questions)以情态动词，助动词或系动词以情态动词，助动词或系动词Be开头的疑问

5、句。开头的疑问句。用来询问一件事，答案通常是用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或或 no，注意语序。注意语序。eg:Does she like music?-Yes,she dose.7ppt课件2）特殊疑问句）特殊疑问句(Special Question)以疑问词开头的疑问句以疑问词开头的疑问句 疑问词疑问词who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how等。等。I、句子种类句子种类特殊疑问句由“疑问词加一般疑问句”构成。对主语提问时，语序与陈述句相同。特殊疑问句要根据问句的内容如实回答，不再用Yes or No 来回答。Eg：-Who is the man ov

6、er there?-He is our English teacher.8ppt课件I、句子种类句子种类3）选择疑问句）选择疑问句(Alternative Question)提出两种或多种情况，要求对方选择一种，结构是提出两种或多种情况，要求对方选择一种，结构是“一般疑问一般疑问句句+or+省略的一般疑问句省略的一般疑问句”，或用疑问词，或用疑问词which,whose等提问。回答等提问。回答时必须选其中一种情况回答，不能用时必须选其中一种情况回答，不能用yes or no回答。回答。eg:1）-Is this a basketall of a football?-It is a basket

7、ball.2)-Which is your bag,the blue one or the yellow one?-The blue one.9ppt课件4）反意疑问句（Disjunctive Question）：表示提问者有移动的主见，但没有把握，希望对方来证实。构成：前一部分是对实物的陈述，后一部分是省略型前一部分是对实物的陈述，后一部分是省略型的简单句。如果前一的简单句。如果前一 部分用肯定式，后一部分部分用肯定式，后一部分就要用否定式、否则就用肯定式。就要用否定式、否则就用肯定式。两部分的人称和时两部分的人称和时态要一致。态要一致。回答：不管问题的提法如何，事实是肯定的就不管问题的提法

8、如何，事实是肯定的就要用要用yes,yes,否定的就用否定的就用no.no.eg:-You are from USA,arent you?eg:-You are from USA,arent you?你来自美你来自美国，不是吗？国，不是吗？-No -No，Im not.Im from China.Im not.Im from China.不，不是不，不是的。我来自中国的。我来自中国。10ppt课件I、句子种类句子种类4）反意疑问句）反意疑问句（Disjunctive Question）：1.Tom hardly knows French,_ _?2.Mary didnt fail her ex

9、am,did she?-_,she didnt.3.You neednt come,_ you?You need to come,_ you?5.He used to live in Leeds,_ he?does heNo must dont didnt 11ppt课件3、祈使句、祈使句 （Imperrative Sentences）用来表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等。说话的对象是第二人称时，you经常被省略。句末用句号或者叹号。I、句子种类句子种类1）祈使句的开头用动词原形。）祈使句的开头用动词原形。eg:请坐 Sit down,please!请关门 Close the door,pleas

10、e!2）祈使句的否定式在句首加）祈使句的否定式在句首加Dont,有时用有时用Never，eg:不要把花放在桌子上 Dont put the flowers on the table.再不要这么做了。Never do it again 12ppt课件4、感叹句、感叹句 大多由大多由what 或或how引导的，表达强烈的感情如、惊奇、愤引导的，表达强烈的感情如、惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等。怒、赞赏、喜悦等。I、句子种类句子种类1）How+adj/adv+主语+谓语！eg:这花儿多漂亮啊！How beautiful the flowers are!2)What+a/an+adj+单数可数名词+主语+谓

11、语！eg:好大的一个苹果呀！What a big apple it is!多么有趣的书呀！What an interesting book it is!13ppt课件I、句子种类句子种类3)What+adj+复数名词或不可数名词+主语+谓语 eg:多么糟糕的消息呀！What bad news it is!4)在口语中，有时主语、谓语都省略，有时只用一个词或者一个短语，有时省略adj/adv.eg:袋子真重！What a heavy bag!多好啊！How nice!真酷！Cool!他们真能干！How they work!14ppt课件II、句子类型（按句子结构分）句子类型（按句子结构分）简单句

12、、并列句、简单句、并列句、复合句复合句15ppt课件二、句子类型二、句子类型1、简单句、简单句 只包含一个主谓结构，个个成分都是单只包含一个主谓结构，个个成分都是单词或短语的句子。词或短语的句子。All roads lead to Rome.He got up,dressed quickly,washed himself and went out.Is he a superman?Dont be shy.Have a try.The man dressed in black seems to be a spy.16ppt课件简单句的五种基本句型 1 He was sleeping.主语+谓语

13、2 I love English 主语+谓语+宾语 3 I am a student.主语+系动词+表语 4 His father named him Li Hua 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 5 My mother bought me a book.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _主语，是执行主语，是执行句句子子的行为或动作的行为或动作的主体的主体谓语谓语是对是对主语主语动动作或状态的作或状态的陈述陈述或或说明说明宾语宾语，又称，又称受词受词，是，是指一个动作（指一个动作（动词动词）的承受者。的承受者。表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表

14、语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词的ing形式、不定式、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be,become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）之后。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类，其中直接宾语指动作的直接对象，间接宾语说明动作的非直接，但受动作影响的对象。宾语补足语宾语补足语指在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，简称宾补宾补。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。17ppt课件二、句子类型二、句子类型2、并列句、并列句 包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，分句

15、由并列连词构，分句由并列连词and,then,but,or,or else,so,for,while,when;bothand,eitheror,neithernor,not only,but also,as well as等来连等来连接。接。He is a basketball fan,and his wife is a volleyball fan.Honey is sweet,but the bee stings.Dont be late,for there is a meeting.Hurry up,or youll be late.He works hard while his br

16、other is a lazy bone.He was enjoying his KFC when a friend came.18ppt课件3、复合句、复合句复合句的某个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等，由另一个句子承当。When we will start is not clear.I dont know if you can help me.The trouble is that I have lost his book.The news that he has died is true.The news that he heard is true.I wanted to

17、be a policeman when I was young.状语从句定语从句同位语从句表语从句宾语从句主语从句_19ppt课件从句 名词性从句 形容词性从句:副词性从句:主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句定语从句状语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句20ppt课件1、时间（、时间（after,before,as,when,while,since,till,until,whenever,as long as,as soon as;the moment,every time,next time;no soonerthan,hardlywhen）；）；2、地点（、地点（where,whereve

18、r）；3、方式（、方式（as,as if,as though）；4、程度（、程度（asas,more than,sothat,suchthat）；二、句子类型二、句子类型状语从句的分类21ppt课件5、原因（、原因（because,since,as,now that,that）；6、结果（、结果（,so that,sothat,suchthat）；7、目的（、目的（so that,in order that,in case）；8、条件（、条件（if,unless）；9、让步（、让步（though,although,even if,even though,in spite of the fact

19、 that,whenever,wherever,whoever,whichever,However,no matter how,whether）。二、句子类型二、句子类型(3)状语从句状语从句22ppt课件动词的时态 时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。它是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式，在英语中有16种时态。23ppt课件 1 I study English every day.2 I studied English yesterday.3 I will study English tomorrow.4 I told her that I w

20、ould study English._一般一般现在时 study(以动词study为例）一般过去时 studied一般将来时 will/shall study 一般过去将来时 would/should study 24ppt课件 5 Im studying English now 6 I was studying English when my mother called me.7 I will be studying English at this time tomorrow.8 I told her that I would be studying English tomorrow._

21、现在进行进行时 be studying 过去进行时 was/were studying 将来进行时 will/shall be studying 过去将来进行时 would/should be studying25ppt课件 9 I have studied English for 4 hours today.10 I had studied English 4 hours till then 11 I will have studied English 4 hours by this evening.12 I thought I would have studied English 4 ho

22、urs by this evening.现在完成完成时have/has studied 过去完成时had studied 将来完成时will/shall have studied 过去将来完成时 would/shoud have studied _26ppt课件 13 I have been studying English since last year.14 I had been studying English when my mother called me.15 I will have been studying English by the end of this month.16

23、 I told her I would have been studying English by the end of this month.现在完成进行完成进行时have/has been studying 过去完成进行时had been studying 将来完成进行时will/shall have been studying 过去将来完成进行时would/should have been studying _27ppt课件 1 I study English everyday.2 I studied English yesterday.3 I will study English to

24、morrow.4 I told her that I would study English.5 Im studying English now 6 I was studying English when my mother called me.7 I will be studying English tomorrow.8 I told her that I would be studying English tomorrow.9 I have studied English 4 hours today.10 I had studied English 4 hours till then 11

25、 I will have studied English 4 hours by this evening.12 I thought I would have studied English 4 hours by this evening.13 I have been studying English since last year.14 I had been studying English when my mother called me.15 I will have been studying English by the end of this month.16 I told her I would have been studying English by the end of this month._28ppt课件时态29ppt课件30ppt课件