英美诗歌-introduction课件.ppt

1、 What is poetry?A literary form Written in lines Rich imagery Great artistic appeal Beautiful harmony Compressed content What is poetry?“Poetry is,at bottom,a criticism of life”-Matthew ArnoldProperty of speech that is“untranslatable”.-Robert Frost“Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feel

2、ings:it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.”-William Wordsworth.What is poetry?“Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion,but an escape from emotion;it is not the expression of personality,but an escape from personality.But,of course,only those who have personality and emotions

3、know what it means to want to escape from these things.”-T.S.Eliot“I wish our clever young poets would remember my homely definitions of prose and poetry;that is prose:words in their best order;-poetry:the best words in the best order.”-Coleridge What makes a good poem?v“There are three things,after

4、 all,that a poem must reach:the eye,the ear,and what we may call the heart or the mind.It is most important of all to reach the heart of the reader.”-Robert Frost vA good poem generally captures images vividly and in an original,refreshing way,while weaving together an intricate combination of eleme

5、nts like theme tension,complex emotion,and profound reflective thought.What makes a good poem?v“诗是文学的精华，一切纯文学都有诗的特质。”v -朱光潜vA good poem generally captures images vividly and in an original,refreshing way,while weaving together an intricate combination of elements like theme tension,complex emotion,a

6、nd profound reflective thought.How to appreciate a poem?Poetry analysis is the process of discovering a poems form,content,and history in an informed way,with the aim of heightening ones own and others understanding and appreciation of the work.Sound of Poetry(Meter and rhyme)Images and SymbolismDic

7、tion/tone/mood/Forms of PoetryTypes of poetryDanti:Divine Comedy神曲Milton:Paradise Lost 失乐园Homer:Iliad伊利亚特;Odyssey奥德赛 3)Dramatic Poems（戏剧诗）（戏剧诗）2)Narrative Poems（叙事诗）（叙事诗）1)Lyrical Poems（抒情诗）（抒情诗）Kinds of PoetryIn terms of content:Songs（韵文)odes（颂诗）Elegy（挽诗）Epics(史诗)Romance(罗曼斯)ballads（民谣）usu.in dialo

8、gue;in blank verseKinds of PoetryIn terms of metre:1)Metrical Poems（格律诗）（格律诗）Regular Rhyme;Regular Rhythm;Definite Number of Lines2)Free Verse（自由诗）（自由诗）Irregular Rhyme and Rhythm;Irregular Number of Lines3)Blank Verse（无韵诗）（无韵诗）Without Rhyme ;With RhythmRhythm（节奏）Twinkle,twinkle,little star,How I won

9、der what you are!诗的押韵诗的押韵（Types of Rhyme）押韵是指通过重复元音或辅音以达到一定音韵效果的诗歌写作手法。Rhyme is the repetition of the same stressed vowel sound and any succeeding sounds in two or more words.Rhyme scheme is the pattern of end rhymes that may be designated by assigning a different letter of the alphabet to each new

10、rhyme.-End rhyme,the most common type,is the rhyming of the final syllables of a line.-Internal rhyme is rhyme within a single line of verse When a word from the middle of a line is rhymed with a word at the end of the line.-Masculine rhyme describes those rhymes ending in a stressed syllable,such a

11、s“hells”and“bells.”It is the most common t y p e o f r h y m e i n E n g l i s h p o e t r y.-Feminine rhyme applies to the rhyming of one or more unstressed syllables,such as“dicing”and“enticing.”-Eye rhyme rhymes only when spelled,not when pronounced.For example,“through”and“rough.”-Identical rhym

12、e employs the same word,identically in sound a n d i n s e n s e,t w i c e i n r h y m i n g p o s i t i o n s.Spring,the sweet spring,is the years pleasant king;Then blooms each thing,then maids dance in a ring,Cold dath not sting,the pretty birds do sing:Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!-Thomas N

13、ashe(1567-1601):Spring,the Sweet Springi及及i重复照应，呈现出重复照应，呈现出春天春天欢乐的气氛。欢乐的气氛。1 尾韵：最常见，最重要的押韵方式。尾韵：最常见，最重要的押韵方式。I shot an arrow into the air,It fell to earth,I knew not where;For,so swiftly it flew,the sightCould not follow it in its flight.-Henry Wadsworth Longfellow:The Arrow and the SongQ：Rhyme sche

14、me？联韵：aabb型。2）Sunset and evening star,And one clear call for me!And may there be no moaning of the bar,When I put out to sea,-Alfred Tennyson(1809-1892):Crossing the BarQ：Rhyme scheme？交叉韵：交叉韵：abab型。型。3）The woods are lovely,dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And

15、miles to go before I sleep.-Robert Frost(1874-1963):Stopping by Woods on a Snowy EveningQ：Rhyme scheme？同韵：有的诗押韵，一韵到底，大多是在同一节同韵：有的诗押韵，一韵到底，大多是在同一节诗中共用一个韵脚。诗中共用一个韵脚。i:p为韵脚。为韵脚。2 头韵：是指一行（节）诗中几个词开头的辅音相同，头韵：是指一行（节）诗中几个词开头的辅音相同，形成押韵。形成押韵。Alliteration is the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning

16、of words.Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds within a line of poetry.半谐音/谐元韵The fair breeze blew,the white foam flew,The furrow followed free,We were the first that ever burstInto that silent sea.-T.S.Coleridge:Rime of the Acient Mariner运用运用f、b与与s头韵，生动写出了船在海上轻头韵，生动写出了船在海上轻快航行的景象。快航行的景象。诗的格律诗

17、的格律(Meter)“格律是指可以用脚打拍子的节奏格律是指可以用脚打拍子的节奏”，是每个音步轻重音节排列的格式，是每个音步轻重音节排列的格式，也是朗读时轻重音的依据。而也是朗读时轻重音的依据。而音步音步是由重读音节和非重读音节构成的诗的是由重读音节和非重读音节构成的诗的分析单位。重读音节为扬（重），在音节上用分析单位。重读音节为扬（重），在音节上用“”或或“”标示，非重标示，非重读音节为抑（轻），在音节上用读音节为抑（轻），在音节上用“”标示，音步之间可用标示，音步之间可用“”隔开。隔开。Poetry is a literary form characterized by a strong s

18、ense of rhythm and meter and an emphasis on the interaction between sound and sense.Meter:the systematic regularity in rhythm;this systematic rhythm(or sound pattern)is usually identified by examining the type of foot and the number of feet.1 抑扬格（轻重格）抑扬格（轻重格）Iambus：是最常见的一：是最常见的一种格式，每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读

19、种格式，每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成音节构成.As fair art thou my bonnie lass,So deep in luve am I;And I will luve thee still,my dear,Till a the seas gang dry.Iamb(Iambic)-weak syllable followed by strong syllable.1 抑扬格（轻重格）抑扬格（轻重格）Iambus：是最常见的一：是最常见的一种格式，每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读种格式，每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成音节构成.As fair/art t

20、hou/my bon/nie lass,So deep/in luve/am I:And I/will luve/thee still,/my dear,Till a/the seas/gang dry:2扬抑格（重轻格）扬抑格（重轻格）Trochee：每个音步由一：每个音步由一个重读音节加一个非重读音节构成。个重读音节加一个非重读音节构成。Tyger!Tyger!burning bright In the forests of the night -William Blake:The TygerTrochee(Trochaic):strong syllable followed by a w

21、eak syllable.2扬抑格（重轻格）扬抑格（重轻格）Trochee：每个音步由一：每个音步由一个重读音节加一个非重读音节构成。个重读音节加一个非重读音节构成。下例中为四音步扬抑格（少一个轻音节），可下例中为四音步扬抑格（少一个轻音节），可标示为：标示为：Tyger!/Tyger!/burning/bright In the/forests/of the/night -William Blake:The TygerTrochee(Trochaic):strong syllable followed by a weak syllable.3 抑抑扬格（轻轻重格）抑抑扬格（轻轻重格）Anap

22、aestic foot:每个音步由两个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。每个音步由两个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。如：三音步抑抑扬格如：三音步抑抑扬格Like a child from the womb,Like a ghost from the tomb,I arise and unbuild it againAnapest(Anapestic):two weak syllables followed by a strong syllable.3 抑抑扬格（轻轻重格）抑抑扬格（轻轻重格）Anapaestic foot:每个音步由两个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。每个音步由两个非重读音节加一个重

23、读音节构成。如：三音步抑抑扬格如：三音步抑抑扬格Like a child/from the womb,Like a ghost/from the tomb,I arise/and unbuild/it again 4 扬抑抑格（重轻轻格）扬抑抑格（重轻轻格）Dactylic foot:每个每个音步由一个重读音节加两个非重读音节构成。如：音步由一个重读音节加两个非重读音节构成。如：两音步扬抑抑格两音步扬抑抑格Touch her not/scornfully,Think of her/mournfully.-Thomas HoodDactyl(Dactylic):a strong syllable followed by two weak syllables.5 抑扬抑格（轻重轻格）抑扬抑格（轻重轻格）Amphibrach：每个：每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节再加一个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节再加一个非重读音节构成。如：三音步抑扬抑格非重读音节构成。如：三音步抑扬抑格下例中最后一个音步为抑扬格。下例中最后一个音步为抑扬格。O hush thee/my babie/thy sire was/a knight.