自考高级英语上册Lesson-11课件.ppt

1、Lesson 11On getting off to sleepBy J.B.PriestleyBackground Knowledgen J.B.Priestley,British novelist,playwright,and essayist,noted for his varied output and his ability for shrewd characterization,who wrote prolifically in fiction,drama,biography,the essay and literary and social criticism.Most of h

2、is early books were poetry,literary biography and literary criticism.His first book was Brief Diversions.Main idea of the textn This lesson is on sleeplessness.n Adults without exception suffer from sleeplessness.It is well-known that sleep is vital to ones mental and physical health.Sleep and sleep

3、lessness are not medically and scientifically dwelt on.n Instead,sleeplessness is used as an example to illustrate the contrariness of things and the contradictions a man is confronted with.n According to the author,a man is a bundle of contradictions and only humour is the saving grace of us.Those

4、who fall asleep as soon as they get into bed are satirized in a humorous tone.n In his opinion,those who are equipped with an iron will lack human feelings.He points out that there is no lack of human feelings,sympathy or depth in a man who has difficulty in falling asleep.The author thinks he belon

5、gs to the latter.n What a bundle of contradictions is a man!Surely,humor is the saving grace of us,for without it we should die of vexation.n Contradiction:u.矛盾，对立 c.对立的事物n-I found no contradiction between his publicly expressed ideas and his private actions.n-His private actions are in contradictio

6、n to/with his publicly expressed ideas.n-A round square is a contradiction in terms用词矛盾.n A saving grace is a good quality or feature in a person or thing that prevents them from being completely bad or worthless.可取之处n 例：Agings one saving grace is you worry less about what people think.年迈的一个可取之处是你不那

7、么担心他人的想法了。n Vexation is a feeling of being annoyed,puzzled,and frustrated.恼火n 例：He kicked the broken machine in vexation.他懊恼得踢了这台坏机器一脚。n 人真是充满矛盾啊!毫无疑问，幽默是惟一帮助我们摆脱矛盾的办法，要是没有它，我们就会死于烦恼。n I stare at the reproachfully blank paper until sights and sounds become dim and confused,and it is only by an effor

8、t of will that I can continue at all.Dim:not bright,not clearly to be seen不亮的n dim light of a candle 微弱的烛光 n a dim room 光线不好的房间 n the dim outline of a building 房屋的模糊轮廓 n 我瞪着那似乎在谴责我的白纸，直到眼前一片模糊，声音也难以辨清，只有靠意志力才能勉强坚持。proceed n Work is proceeding slowly.工作正在慢慢地继续进行着。n If you proceed to do something,you

9、do it,often after doing something else first.(做完某事之后)接着(做另一事)n 例：He proceeded to tell me of my birth.他接着给我讲了我的出生。n If you proceed with a course of action,you continue with it.继续进行(某行动)n 例：The group proceeded with a march they knew would lead to bloodshed.这群人继续进行他们知道会导致流血事件的一次游行。n(某事件或活动带来的)收入n 例：The

10、 proceeds of the concert went to charity.音乐会的收入给了慈善机构。n imperishable n adj.不会腐烂的，不坏的;不灭的，不朽的；永恒的，永存的n 反义：perishable adj.易腐坏的；易毁灭的；会枯萎的n n.容易腐坏的东西n 词根：perish v.死亡；毁灭；腐烂；枯萎nI can easily produce half a dozen imperishable masterpieces,if only I had pens,inks and paper.n 除了笔、墨和纸，什么也不能阻止我写出半打不朽的杰作。n If it

11、 be true that our thoughts and mental images are perfectly tangible things,like our books and pictures,to the inhabitants of the next world,then I am making for myself a better reputation there than I am in this place.n Make for:导致；有助于；走向 n He rose from his seat and made for the door.他起身向门口走去。n A ha

12、ppy parent makes for a happy child.幸福的家长造就幸福的孩子。n 如果，我们的思想和主观意象对于来世的人来说真的就像我们的书本和图片一样是有形的、摸得着的，那么我在来世会比在今生获得更高的声誉。n Once in bed,when it is time to close the five ports of knowledge,most folks I know seem to find no difficulty in plunging their earthly parts into oblivion.n Plunge:使投入,使插入,使陷入n plunge

13、 a country into war 使一个国家陷入战争 n plunge a room into darkness n plunge sb.into deep sorrow.n no difficulty in plunging their earthly parts into oblivionn No difficulty in forgetting their functions in the worldn No difficulty in falling sleepnOblivionn n.被(公众)忘却的状态，湮没,漠视;无意识的状态;被彻底摧毁;赦免，大赦n He just dr

14、ank himself jovially into oblivion.n 他一味痛饮直到自己神志不清。n It seems that the so-called new theory is likely to sink into oblivion.n 那所谓的新理论似乎可能被淡忘。n An entire poor section of town was bombed into oblivion.n 城镇的整个贫民区被彻底炸毁了。n adj.oblivious 遗忘的；健忘的；不注意的；不知道的n 一旦到了上床睡觉时间，五个摄取知识的港口就要关闭的时候，我认识的大多数人似乎都能很容易就忘却了他们

15、在尘世的作用，很快进入梦乡，而我却不能。n I used to read,with wonder,those sycophantic stories of the warlike supermen,the great troublers of the worlds peace,Cromwell,Napoleon,and the like,who,thanks to their iron wills,could lie down and plunge themselves immediately into deep sleep,to wake up,refreshed,at a given ti

16、me.n 我曾诧异地读过一些大肆吹捧那些好战的超人、世界和平的巨大威胁者，诸如克伦威尔、拿破仑之类的文章，文章里说他们“钢铁般的意志”使他们一躺下就能熟睡，并在某一特定时间醒来，精神抖擞 n Refresh:(以食物,睡眠等)使精力(记忆)恢复;使精神振作 n I think I will just refresh myself with a cup of tea.n 喝杯茶提神 n refresh sb.s memory 唤起/恢复某人的记忆 n refresh oneself refresh oneself 可以提神；清醒头脑可以提神；清醒头脑 n refresh rate refresh

17、 rate 刷新率刷新率n Given:约定的；特定的；指定的n Do it within the given time.n At a given time we will all shout“Happy birthday to you”.n Given:假设的，假使的 n Given good weather,our ship will reach Shanghai Monday evening.n 假如天气好，我们的船将于星期一晚上到达上海。n Given that I have five more minutes,I will finish the exam.ntake sth.to h

18、eart 为某事耿耿于怀,为某事忧虑Dont take it to heart.n 别把它放在心上。n Dont take my criticism to heart.n 不要把我的批评放在心上Torment,abusen Torment：n.痛苦 v.Cause severe suffering to;annoy折磨 n suffer torment(s)from 因.而受苦n She suffered torment from headache.n Dont torment yourself by thinking of the past.n Abuse:treat badly;ill-t

19、reat 滥用,虐待,辱骂 n abuse ones privilege n abuse a childn abuse a friend nremonstrate:n v.make a protest 抗议n We remonstrate against his cruelty to old people.我们抗议他虐待老人。n Remonstrance:n.protest 抗议n The people who make remonstrance against were arrested.抗议政府的人被逮捕了。n Iron wills apart,there must be a lack o

20、f human sympathy or depth in a man who can thus throw off,with his clothes,his waking feelings and thoughts,and ignore completely those memories and fancies which.will sometimes leap,From hiding-places ten years deep.n 抛开钢铁般意志不谈，那种把他清醒时的感觉及思想随同衣服抛在一边，并完全无视那些有时会从十年前隐藏的记忆中跳出来回忆和幻想的人，一定缺乏人类的同情心和造诣深度。n

21、Leap:leapt 或 leaped,leaping 跳跃，跳越 n The dog leapt over the fence.狗跳过了围栏。n Leap:闪过；突然想起 n The idea leaped into his mind.n 这个想法突然闪过他的脑海。n Those memories and fancies which had been buried deep in ones mind for ten years will sometimes crop up突然出现.Eventful:多事(故)的,重要的,重大的 n an eventful year n 多事之秋,多事的一年

22、n an eventful meeting between heads of states n 两国首脑间的重要会晤 There is no comparing notes with them.n You can not exchange ideas with them.n compare notes withn 1.(与)商量，(同)交换意见；讨论n 2.(和)对笔记n I also need one or two evenings to compare notes with my home company on what we have discussed during the day.n

23、 我还需要一、两个晚上，跟我公司就我们白天的洽谈情况交换一下意见。nNo casting up the balance of the days pleasure and painn Cast up:计算，把加起来n Not able to calculate whether you have more pleasure than pain or have more pain than pleasure in a days life.induce,tempt n Induce:bring about,cause 招致,引起 n illness induced by overwork n Too

24、much food induces sleepiness.n Induce:persuade or influence sb.to do sth.bring about引诱；诱导,劝诱 n We couldnt induce the old lady to travel by air.n Nothing shall induce me to join their club.n Tempt:persuade sb to do sth wrong or foolish 诱惑,引诱,怂恿n-He was tempted into a life of crime by greed and lazine

25、ss.nlegion n n.n.众多的士兵众多的士兵;大军；军团大军；军团;大量；大批；众多大量；大批；众多;常作常作 L-(L-(半半)军事性单位、协会军事性单位、协会(或团体或团体)n legions of writers n adj.adj.大量的；大批的；众多的大量的；大批的；众多的n The medical uses of herbs are legion.n 草本植物的医药效用数不胜数。n adj.legionary adj.legionary 军队的；很多的；古罗马军团的军队的；很多的；古罗马军团的n malice n n.n.恶意；怨恨；预谋恶意；怨恨；预谋n There w

26、as a strong current of malice in many of his portraits.n 他的许多肖像画中都透出强烈的恶意。n adj.malicious adj.malicious 恶意的；恶毒的；蓄意的；怀恨的恶意的；恶毒的；蓄意的；怀恨的n malignant 医 恶性的；有害的；有恶意的n malevolent 恶毒的；有恶意的；坏心肠的n n.n malignancy 恶性（肿瘤等）；恶意n malevolence 恶意，怨恨；狠毒n maliciousness 恶意Serve ones turn 适用nThis job will serve my turn.

27、n这项工作将适合我的需要。nI think this book will serve my turn.n我想这本书将适合我的需要。nShe caught hold of it to serve her own turn.n她抓住这一点为自己服务。imaginary imaginative imaginablen 意思都含“想象的”。n imaginary指“想象的”、“虚构的”,如:n Although the main characters in the novel are so true to life,they are imaginary.n imaginative指“富于想象力的”,如

28、:n Scott was an imaginative writer.n imaginable 指“可想象的”,常放在名词后面,前加 all,only,every 或最高级形容词,如:n This is the only solution imaginable.n我在想像中牧羊，一直想到它们不知怎地都变成了白熊和蓝猪。我倒想看看哪个有理智的人能在赶着一群天蓝色的猪的时候进入梦乡。n avail n n.n.一般用于否定句或疑问句中一般用于否定句或疑问句中 效用；效用；(有效的有效的)帮助；利益，帮助；利益，好处好处;复数复数(遗产或拍卖之后，扣除佣金、债务等后的遗产或拍卖之后，扣除佣金、债务等

29、后的)余额余额n no avail没有效果的；没有作用的n His efforts were to no avail.他的努力是徒劳的。n vt.vt.有益于，有助于，有利于，有用于，使有利：有益于，有助于，有利于，有用于，使有利：n All our efforts availed us little in trying to effect a change.在企图实现一个变革中我们徒劳无功。n vi.vi.有益有益,有用有用,有帮助有帮助(against,to)(against,to)：n Nothing could avail against the enemy attack.没有什么可以

30、挡得住敌人的进攻。n adj.available 有效的，可得的；可利用的；空闲的n n.availability 可用性；有效性；实用性nof little/no avail:n not very/not at all helpful or effective 没有多大/没有一点儿帮助,用处或效果 nThe advice we got was of no avail.nTheir efforts were of no avail.nAvail：v.有用,有利nDeft:skilful and quick,熟练的,灵巧的n She is deft at dealing with reporte

31、rs.nfare:get on,progress 进展,过日子 n How did you fare while you were abroad?n Fare:money charged 车费n A bus/taxi faren A single/double faren Fare:food 食物n Wholesome food 卫生食品n meditate:n v.think about,consider 沉思，考虑n He sat there meditating his plan.他坐在那儿思考着他的计划。n He meditated on the sacred mysteries.他沉

32、思冥想众神的神秘。n Meditate on/upon:think deeply 深思,沉思,冥想 n He sat there meditating on his misfortunes.n meditation:n.meditating沉思，考虑n She has been deep in meditation when I walked into the office.我走进办公室时，她陷入了沉思。nI have literally found it answern Answer:n Answer my need to sleep.n I have found this method a

33、ctually worked.n Literal:correspondingly exact to the original 按照原文的n a literal translation n Idioms usually can not be translated literally into another language.n 成语通常不能照字面译成另一种文字.Bare of:empty of /without 空的 n The room is bare of furniture.n 空无家具的房间.n In winter the fields are bare of grass.n Bare

34、:without clothing 裸露的n Bare legn Bare:without the usual covering and protection缺少遮盖的n Bare hill,floor n crooked n adj.adj.弯曲的弯曲的;歪斜的歪斜的;畸形的，畸形的，变了形的变了形的;不诚实的；不诚实的；不正当的不正当的;(;(手杖手杖)弯柄的；有钩的弯柄的；有钩的n Polly gave her a crooked grin.Polly gave her a crooked grin.n 波莉给了她歪斜着嘴的一笑。波莉给了她歪斜着嘴的一笑。n 词根：词根：crookcro

35、okn n.crook n.crook 骗子，坏蛋；弯处，弯曲部分；钩状物骗子，坏蛋；弯处，弯曲部分；钩状物n vi.crook vi.crook 弯曲，成钩形弯曲，成钩形n vt.crook vt.crook 使弯曲；欺骗，诈骗使弯曲；欺骗，诈骗n evokeivukn 引(唤)起,召唤(死者灵魂等n evoke a spirit from the dead n 为死者招魂 n The book evoked memories of his boyhood.n 此书唤起了他对童年的回忆。ncrushing adj.n 1.压碎的；砸碎的n 2.压倒的；使人受不了的；决定性的n Of it,a

36、t least,I am certain,and how can I deny this force crushing me?n 至少，我相信历史是可靠的。我怎么能敢否认这种压倒我的力量呢？n 词根：crushn n.crush 粉碎；迷恋；压榨；拥挤的人群n She had a crush on you,you know.n 你知道吧，她曾暗恋过你。n crusher 打击；食品 压碎机；压碎的东西；镇服人的事实n v.crush 挤；被压碎历年试题分析 1.(2001,10)Once in bed,most folks I know seem to find no difficulty i

37、n plunging their earthly parts into _.Oblivion blivin n.遗忘,忘却 2.(2003,10)If it be true that out thoughts and mental images are perfectly _ things,like our books and pictures,to the inhabitants of the next world,Tangible n.有形资产有形资产 a.实体的实体的,明白的明白的 Discussing the question,some time 7 ,with an old frie

38、nd,she gave me her never-failing 8 for sleeplessness,which was to imagine 9 performing some trivial 10 over and over again,until,her mind becoming disgusted with the monotony of life,11 drew the curtain.Her favourite device was to imagine a picture not 12 quite plumb upon the wall,and then to procee

39、d to straighten it.（200701）54.The poor,sick man is _ by the policemans endless interrogations.（200710）A.abused B.tormented 77.在我看来，没有比睡眠问题更能说明事物的对立性了。（200810）With me,nothing illustrates the contrariness of things better than the matter of sleep.42.Although the main characters in the novel are so tru

40、e to life,they are _.（201001）A.imaginary B.imaginative 40.She has born a _ against me ever since I turned down her application.（0710)A.grudge B.maliceB.Translate the following into Chinese 1.人是很多矛盾的集合体人是很多矛盾的集合体.2.我们的思想和头脑中的意象完全是有形的我们的思想和头脑中的意象完全是有形的东西东西.3.过去我常常带着惊叹阅读那些吹捧好战的过去我常常带着惊叹阅读那些吹捧好战的超人的故事超人

41、的故事.4.人为的催眠方法很多，但他们仅在都不灵人为的催眠方法很多，但他们仅在都不灵这一点上相同。这一点上相同。B.Translate the following into Chinese 5.当她的脑子对这种单调的生活感到厌烦时当她的脑子对这种单调的生活感到厌烦时,睡眠就会拉上帷幕睡眠就会拉上帷幕.6.她最喜欢的方法就是想象墙上有一幅没挂她最喜欢的方法就是想象墙上有一幅没挂好的画好的画,然后去扶正它然后去扶正它.7.但我仍没有放弃找到某种快速入睡方法的但我仍没有放弃找到某种快速入睡方法的希望希望.8.今夜今夜,我将不再做诸如数跳羊和挂正歪画的我将不再做诸如数跳羊和挂正歪画的那些毫无价值的想象

42、那些毫无价值的想象.F.Translate the following into English Some people fall asleep as soon as their heads touch the pillows,while some other people can not fall asleep although they have been lying in bed several hours.The more he wants to sleep,the harder he falls asleep/the more wakeful he is.I belong to th

43、e latter.When I write an article,I feel an overpowering desire for sleep.When I go to bed,I can do anything but sleep.F.Translate the following into English I can compose great symphonies,paint magnificent pictures,and write very good essays.The artificial ways of inducing sleep are legion/a lot,but

44、 they are all ineffective.When I can not fall asleep at night,I imagine a dialogue with a friend/have a dialogue with a imaginary friend till I either laugh or fall asleep.I find this is a good way of falling asleep.词语辨析(Word analysis)n 1.contrariness,contradictionn contrariness:形容词contrary的名词形式，用作不

45、可数名词。n contradiction:direct opposition between things compared（不可数名词）矛盾，对立;a statement,action,or fact that contradicts（可数名词）对立的事物n There is no contradiction between my behavior and my principles.我的行为和我的原则不矛盾。n Thats a flat contradiction of what you said before.这可和你以前说得恰恰相反。n 2.dark,dimn dark:with no

46、 or very little light 黑暗的n Its getting too dark to take photographs.天色太暗，不能照相。n dim:not bright,not clearly to be seen 不亮的，朦胧的n We can only see the dim outline of buildings on dark night.在黑夜里我们只能看到建筑物朦胧的轮廓。n 3.abuse,tormentn abuse:tread badly,ill-treat 虐待n The woman was abused by her husband.那个女人受到丈夫

47、的虐待。n torment:cause severe suffering to;annoy 使受折磨，n Stop tormenting your father by asking silly questions.别在问一些愚蠢的问题折磨你父亲了。n 4.induce,temptn induce:persuade or influence;bring about 劝诱，导致n We couldnt induce the old lady to travel by air.我们无法劝服老太太乘飞机旅行。n Your illness was induced by overwork.你的病是工作过度

48、引起的。n tempt:persuade sb to do sth wrong or foolishn He was tempted into making a false step.他被引诱做了一件傻事。n 5.wonder,meditaten wonder:feel curiously;ask oneself 想知道，自忖n I was wondering how to get there quickly.我想知道怎么才能很快到达那里。n meditate:think about;consider 想，考虑n He sat there meditating upon his misfort

49、unes.他坐在那儿沉思自己的不幸遭遇。n 6.literal,exactn literal:correspondingly exact to the original 完全按照原文的n A literal translation is not always the closest to the original meaning.直译并不总是最贴近原义。n exact:correct in every detail 精确的，正确的n Give me his exact words.把他的话一字不差的告诉我。n 7.imaginary,imaginativen imaginary:existin

50、g only in the mind,unreal 想象中的，不真实的n This story id not real;it is only imaginary.这个故事不是真的，只是想象的。n imaginative:having or using imagination 想象的，想象力丰富的n The artists imaginative use of color delighted the critics.评论家很喜欢艺术家富有想象力的运用色彩。n 8.twist,crookn twist:turn and curve in different directions 盘旋，曲折n Th