精心整理：外贸英语词汇大全讲解(DOC 15页).doc

1、贸易方式词汇 贸易方式词汇 stocks 存货，库存量 cash sale 现货 purchase 购买，进货 bulk sale 整批销售，趸售 distribution channels 销售渠道 wholesale 批发 retail trade 零售业 hire-purchase 分期付款购买 fluctuate in line with market conditions 随行就市 unfair competition 不合理竞争 dumping 商品倾销 dumping profit margin 倾销差价，倾销幅度 antidumping 反倾销 customs bond 海关担

2、保 chain debts 三角债 freight forwarder 货运代理 trade consultation 贸易磋商 mediation of dispute 商业纠纷调解 partial shipment 分批装运 restraint of trade 贸易管制 RTA (Regional Trade Arrangements) 区域贸易安排 favorable balance of trade 贸易顺差 unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差 special preferences 优惠关税 bonded warehouse 保税仓库 transit

3、 trade 转口贸易 tariff barrier 关税壁垒 tax rebate 出口退税 TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade) 技术性贸易壁垒 贸易伙伴术语 trade partner 贸易伙伴 manufacturer 制造商，制造厂 middleman 中间商，经纪人 dealer 经销商 wholesaler 批发商 retailer, tradesman 零售商 merchant 商人，批发商，零售商 concessionaire, licensed dealer 受让人，特许权获得者 consumer 消费者，用户 client, customer

4、 顾客，客户 buyer 买主，买方 carrier 承运人 consignee 收货人 进出口贸易词汇 commerce, trade, trading 贸易 inland trade, home trade, domestic trade 国内贸易 international trade 国际贸易 foreign trade, external trade 对外贸易，外贸 import, importation 进口 importer 进口商 export, exportation 出口 exporter 出口商 import licence 进口许口证 export licence 出口

5、许口证 commercial transaction 买卖，交易 inquiry 询盘 delivery 交货 order 订货 make a complete entry 正式/完整申报 bad account 坏帐 Bill of Lading 提单 marine bills of lading 海运提单 shipping order 托运单 blank endorsed 空白背书 endorsed 背书 cargo receipt 承运货物收据 condemned goods 有问题的货物 catalogue 商品目录 customs liquidation 清关 customs cle

6、arance 结关 国际贸易英语词汇集锦一 贸易价格术语 trade term / price term 价格术语 world / international market price 国际市场价格 FOB (free on board) 离岸价 C&F (cost and freight) 成本加运费价 CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸价 freight 运费 wharfage 码头费 landing charges 卸货费 customs duty 关税 port dues 港口税 import surcharge 进口附加税 import vari

7、able duties 进口差价税 commission 佣金 return commission 回佣，回扣 price including commission 含佣价 net price 净价 wholesale price 批发价 discount / allowance 折扣 retail price 零售价 spot price 现货价格 current price 现行价格 / 时价 indicative price 参考价格 customs valuation 海关估价 price list 价目表 total value 总值 贸易保险术语 All Risks 一切险 F.P

8、.A. (Free from Particular Average) 平安险 W.A. / W.P.A (With Average or With Particular Average) 水渍险 War Risk 战争险 F.W.R.D. (Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险 Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险 Risk of Leakage 渗漏险 Risk of Odor 串味险 Risk of Rust 锈蚀险 Shortage Risk 短缺险 T.P.N.D. ( Theft, Pilferage &

9、Non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险 Strikes Risk 罢工险 贸易机构词汇 WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织 IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织 CTG (Council for Trade in Goods) 货币贸易理事会 EFTA (European Free Trade Association) 欧洲自由贸易联盟 AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) 东盟自由贸易区 JCCT (China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and

10、 Trade) 中美商贸联委会 NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 北美自由贸易区 UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易与发展会议 GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 关贸总协定 商务合同英译应注意的问题(2) 二、慎重处理合同的关键细目 实践证明，英译合同中容易出现差错的地方，一般来说，不是大的陈述性条款。而恰恰是一些关键的细目比如：金钱、时间、数量等。为了避免出差错，在英译合同时，常常使用一些有限定作

11、用的结构来界定细目所指定的确切范围。 3.1 限定责任 众所周知，合同中要明确规定双方的责任。为英译出双方责任的权限与范围，常常使用连词和介词的固定结构。现把最常用的此类结构举例说明如下。 3.1.1 and/or 常用 and/or 英译合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的内容，这样就可避免漏译其中的一部分。 例 9：如果上述货物对船舶和（或）船上其它货物造成任何损害，托运人应负全责。 The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on buard. 3.1.2 by a

12、nd between 常用 by and between 强调合同是由“双方”签订的，因此双方必须严格履行合同所赋于的责任。 例 10：买卖双方同意按下述条款购买出售下列商品并签订本合同。 This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated belo

13、w. 3.2 限定时间 英译与时间有关的文字，都应非常严格慎重地处理，因为合同对时间的要求是准确无误。所以英译起止时间时，常用以下结构来限定准确的时间。 3.2.1 双介词 用双介词英译含当天日期在内的起止时间。 例 11；自9月2O日起，甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。 Party Ashall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20. 例 12：我公司的条件是，3 个月内，即不得晚于5月1日，支付现金。 Our terms are cash within

14、three months, i.e. on or before May 1. 3.2.2 not(no)later than 用“not (no) later than +日期”英译“不迟于某月某日”。 例 13：本合同签字之日一个月内，即不迟于12月15日，你方须将货物装船。 Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e. not later than December 15. 3.2.3 include 的相应形式 常用 include 的相应形式：inclus

15、ive、including 和 included，来限定含当日在内的时间。 例 14：本证在北京议付，有效期至1月1日。 This credit expires till January 1(inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. (or:This credit expires till and including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.) 如果不包括1月1日在内，英译为 till and not including January 1。 3.3限定金额 为避免金额数量的差漏、伪造或涂改，英译时常用以下措

16、施严格把关。 3.3.1.大写文字重复金额 英译金额须在小写之后，在括号内用大写文字重复该金额，即使原文合同中没有大写，英译时也有必要加上大写。在大写文字前加上“SAY”，意为“大写”；在最后加上“ONLY”。意思为“整”。必须注意：小写与大写的金额数量要一致。 例 16：聘方须每月付给受聘方美元 500 元整。 Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY). 3.3.2. 正确使用货币符号 英译金额必须注意区分和正确使用各种不同的货币名称符号。“$”既可代表“

17、美元”，又可代表其他某些地方的货币；而“”不仅代表“英镑”，又可代表其他某些地方的货币。 必须注意：当金额用数字书写时，金额数字必须紧*货币符号，例如：Can $891,568，不能写成：Can $ 891,568。另外，翻译的还要特别注意金额中是小数点 （.） 还是分节号（,），因为这两个符号极易引起笔误，稍有疏忽，其后果是不堪设想的。 商务合同英译应注意的问题(1) 前言 英译商务合同貌似简单，实则不然。商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体，重在记实，用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。 本文拟运用翻译教学中所积累的英译商务合同的实例，从三个方面论述如何从大处着眼、小处着手、力求准确严谨英译商务合同

18、。 一、酌情使用公文语惯用副词 商务合同属于法律性公文，所以英译时，有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词，就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现，这种公文语副同常被普通词语所代替，从而影响到译文的质量。 实际上，这种公文语惯用副同为数并不多，而已构词简单易记。常用的这类副词是由 here、there、where 等副词分别加上 after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with 等副词，构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如： 从此以后、今后：hereafter； 此后、以后：thereafter； 在其上：t

19、hereonthereupon； 在其下：thereunder； 对于这个：hereto； 对于那个：whereto； 在上文：hereinabovehereinbefore； 在下文：hereinafterhereinbelow； 在上文中、在上一部分中：thereinbefore； 在下文中、在下一部分中：thereinafter 现用两个实例，说明在英译合同中如何酌情使用上述副词。 例 1：本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。 This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer

20、 and the Builder. 例 2：下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品，其品牌以此为合适。 The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more appropriate are made in China. 出席商务会议的常用英语 The following phrases are used to participate in a meeting. These phrases are useful for expressing your ideas and giving inp

21、ut to a meeting. Getting the Chairpersons Attention 引起会议主席的注意 (Mister/Madam) chairman. May I have a word? If I may, I think. Excuse me for interrupting. May I come in here? Giving Opinions 表达意见 Im positive that. I (really) feel that. In my opinion. The way I see things. If you ask me,. I tend to thi

22、nk that. Asking for Opinions 询问意见 Are you positive that. Do you (really) think that. (name of participant) can we get your input? How do you feel about.? Commenting 做出评论 Thats interesting . I never thought about it that way before. Good point! I get your point. I see what you mean. Agreeing 表示同意 I t

23、otally agree with you. Exactly! Thats (exactly) the way I feel. I have to agree with (name of participant). Disagreeing 表示异议 Unfortunately, I see it differently. Up to a point I agree with you, but. (Im afraid) I cant agree Advising and Suggesting 提出建议 Lets. We should. Why dont you. How/What about.

24、I suggest/recommend that. Clarifying 澄清 Let me spell out. Have I made that clear? Do you see what Im getting at? Let me put this another way. Id just like to repeat that. Requesting Information 请求信息 Please, could you. Id like you to. Would you mind. I wonder if you could. Asking for Repetition 请求重复

25、Im afraid I didnt understand that. Could you repeat what you just said? I didnt catch that. Could you repeat that, please? I missed that. Could you say it again, please? Could you run that by me one more time? Asking for Clarification 要求澄清 I dont quite follow you. What exactly do you mean? Im afraid

26、 I dont quite understand what your are getting at. Could you explain to me how that is going to work? I dont see what you mean. Could we have some more details, please? Asking for Verification 请求确认 You did say next week, didnt you? (did is stressed) Do you mean that.? Is it true that.? Asking for Sp

27、elling 请求拼写 Could you spell that, please? Would you mind spelling that for me, please? Asking for Contributions 请求赐教 We havent heard from you yet, (name of participant). What do you think about this proposal? Would you like to add anything, (name of participant)? Has anyone else got anything to cont

28、ribute? Are there any more comments? Correcting Information 更正 Sorry, I think you misunderstood what I said. Sorry, thats not quite right. Im afraid you dont understand what Im saying. Thats not quite what I had in mind. Thats not what I meant. Keeping the Meeting On Target (time, relevance, decisio

29、ns) 转入正题 Were running short of time. Well, that seems to be all the time we have today. Please be brief. Im afraid weve run out of time. Im afraid thats outside the scope of this meeting. Lets get back on track, why dont we? Thats not really why were here today. Why dont we return to the main focus

30、of todays meeting. Well have to leave that to another time. Were beginning to lose sight of the main point. Keep to the point, please. I think wed better leave that for another meeting. Are we ready to make a decision? 商贸文书中常见英语翻译错误几例(下) 6.我公司出口工业产品、化工产品、医药等。 原译文：Our company exports industrial produ

31、cts, chemicals, medicines and etc. 注：etc.等于and so on或and others，已含有and的成分，上述译文无需加上and一词。应译为：Our company exports industrial products, chemicals, medicines, etc. 7.我们将委托贵公司作为我公司在毛里求斯的业务代理。 原译文：We hereby entrust your company to be our business agent in Mauritius. 注：entrust一词在作委托解时用法为entrust somebody wi

32、th something or entrust something to somebody。应译为： We hereby appoint your company to be our business agent in Mauritius. 8.本合同签订之后，签约双方中任何一方不得将合同内容泄露给第三方。 原译文：Any of the two parties can not divulge the contents of the contract to a third party after the conclusion of the contract. 注：双方中任何一方为either o

33、f the two parties，三方（或三方以上）中任何一方才用any of the parties，因本句为否定句，应译为：Neither of the two parties can divulge the contents of the contract to a third party after the conclusion of the contract. 9.在双方签约之后，各方将严格遵守本协议。 原译文：After this agreement is signed by the two parties, all parties shall strictly abide by

34、 it. 注：与上一条相类似，在协议当事方为三方（或三方以上）时，各方为all parties，而当事方为两方时应用both parties。应译为： After this agreement is signed by the two parties, both parties shall strictly abide by it. 商贸文书中常见英语翻译错误几例(上) 在一些由中文翻译的英语样本、合同、广告和其他文件材料中常见一些翻译错误，现仅举几个出现频率较高的例子，试作分析，谨供读者朋友参考。 1.由港澳国际投资公司投资的海口电站工程因其建设速度和质量得到高度评价。 原译文：The Ha

35、ikou Power Station Project invested by the Hongkong-Macau International Investment Co, Ltd. was highly appraised for its construction speed and quality. 注：投资某项工程应为invest in a project，在被动语态中不能漏去前置词in。应译为： The Haikou Power Station Project invested in（在某些情况下可用financed or funded） by the Hongkong-Macau I

36、nternational Investment Co., Ltd. was highly appraised for its construction speed and quality. 2.上海SFECO拥有5个控股子公司。 原译文：Shanghai SFECO Group has 5 share-holding companies. 注：share-holding company指控制或持有某公司股权的股东公司。上述译文意思是5个公司持有Shanghai SFECO Group的股份，换句话说，这5个公司是“老子”公司，因此显然不符合中文原意。 应译为： Shanghai SFECO G

37、roup is a holding company of 5 subsidiary companies. 或Shanghai SFECO Group holds shares of 5 subsidiary companies. 3.中国民生银行有限公司 原译文：China Minsheng Banking Corporation, Ltd. 注：corporation本身即为有限公司，相当于limited company，英译中无需再加“Ltd”。应译为： China Minsheng Banking Corporation 4.项目中标之后，我们将立即开始前期准备工作。 原译文：After

38、 the bid is awarded, we shall immediately start our advance-phase preparation. 注：项目中标应为accept a bid or award the contract。显然上述译文把两种表达法相混淆了。应译为： After the bid is accepted (or the contract is awarded), we shall immediately start our advance-phase preparation. 5.欢迎您参观我们交易会 原译文：Welcome you to visit our

39、fair! 注：译文中welcome是动词，因此此句是祈使句形式，省略的主语为第二人称你（你们），而不是中文所含的我（我们）之意。应译为： We welcome you to visit our trade fair! 更简洁而地道的译法是：Welcome to our trade fair!澳大利亚联邦汽车工业商会将摩托车细分为全用途摩托车(All Terrain Vehicles, ATVs)和两轮摩托车两大类，后者又可细分为电动脚踏车(Scooter)、游乐车(Fun)、路用车(Road Motor Cycle)和越野车(off-Road Motor Cycle)。其中，Scooter又可