英语四六级听力短对话和长对话技巧汇总(DOC 31页).doc

1、英语四级听力短对话必考题型根据选项的内容,四级听力短对话可分为事实状况题、行为活动题、观点态度题、地点场景题、谈论话题型、身份关系题和数字信息题七大类。对话内容不同,提问的角度和方式也不同。一、事实状况题问题是关于谈话的一方或双方说了什么、所处状态、做某事的原因何在、结果如何等。提问方式通常为:What do we learn from this conversation?What does the man mean?What can be inferred from the conversation?此类题型解题技巧如下:1.根据选项特点判断问题类型。这类题目的选项一般都是某种事实情况的陈述

2、,选项中句子的时态以一般过去时或一般现在时居多。2.正确选项一般不会是原文的细节再现。这类题目往往需要考生根据对话内容推测出说话人话语中隐含的事实细节,因此正确选项往往不是对话中的原文照搬,而是对话内容的同义转述,或是根据对话内容推断出的事实细节。3.注意捕捉选项中的关键词。听音前应提取选项要点,确定听音时应该捕捉的重点内容。一般某事的原因或结果常为考查重点。4.对选项中及录音中涉及的关键信息进行标记,根据问题对号入座。这类题目涉及的是原文中的细节内容,因而有必要将关键信息点加以记录,然后根据问题确定答案。【真题示例1】(07-6-13A The man regrets being absen

3、t-minded.B The woman saved the man some trouble.C The man placed the reading list on a desk.D The woman emptied the waste paper basket.M: I wish I hadnt thrown away that reading list!W: I thought you might regret it. Thats why I picked it up from the waste paper basket and left it on the desk.Q: Wha

4、t do we learn from the conversation?【解析】事实状况题。选项中的the man,regret,trouble等词表明,对话内容与男士做错某件事有关。根据女士的话可知,她从垃圾筐里把男士丢掉的阅读目录捡起来了,因此避免了男士的麻烦,由此可知答案为B。二、行为活动题问题是关于谈话的一方或双方做过、正在做、准备去做什么,或一方建议另一方去做什么。提问方式通常为:What will the man/woman most probably do?What are the speakers probably going/trying to do?What does th

5、e woman suggest doing?此类题型解题技巧如下:1.根据选项特点判断题型。一般来说,这类题目的选项都是动词短语形式,且动词一般为原形或动名词形式。2.听音时留意对话中的动词,尤其注意与选项中动词相关的信息。在留意动词的同时,要记录一些与该动词相关的重要信息,尤其是不止一个选项中的动词在对话中出现的时候,只有留意与其相关的信息,才能根据问题对号入座。3.注意表示请求或建议的句式或短语。行为活动类试题的对话中经常会包含提出请求或建议的句式或短语,如:Why dont you? What about? Lets; Youd better; If I were you, I woul

6、d; Id like to; You might as well等,这此句式后面的内容有可能就是建议去做或准备去做的行为活动,很可能与答案直接相关,因此听音时需重点留意。【真题示例2】(06-6-5A To find out more about the topic for the seminar.B To make a copy of the schedule for his friend.C To get the seminar schedule for the woman.D To pick up the woman from the library.W: Do you have the

7、 seminar schedule with you? Id like to find out the topic for Friday.M: I gave it to my friend, bur there should be copies available in the library. I can pick one up for you.Q: What does the man promise to do?【解析】行为活动题。本题是问男士答应做什么事。选项均以不定式形式开头,表明本题与目的行为有关。注意对话中的pickup不是表示“接(某人”,而是表示“取(东西”。三、观点态度题问题

8、是关于谈话一方对另一方或第三方的行为、品德、观点等的态度或评价。提问方式通常为:What does the woman/ man mean /imply?How does the woman /man feel about.?What does the woman/man think of?此类题型解题技巧如下:1.根据选项特点判断问题类型。观点态度类试题的选项中一般都含有一些引出观点态度的动词或短语,常见的有:think, believe, find, guess, imagine, consider, as far as I know等。根据这类线索词判断出试题类型以后,可以更有针对地留意

9、说话人对自己观点态度的陈述。2.熟悉表示观点态度的常见词语。表示赞成:approve, agree, share, prefer, wise, reasonable, favorable表示反对:disapprove, disagree, unwise, ridiculous, foolish, childish表示赞赏:admire,appreciate,think much of, think highly of表示喜欢:love, enjoy, wonderful,fascinating, funny, be fond of, be keen on表示厌烦:dislike, bored/

10、 boring, be tired of表示关心:concerned, careful, care about表示怨恨或生气:hate, hatred, angry, anger, initiated表示害怕或担心:fearful, frightened, worried, nervous表示批评或讽刺:critical, criticize, ironic,find fault with表示失望或灰心:disappointed, discouraged表示后悔或遗憾:regret, regretful, pity, shame表示漠然或热情:indifferent, detached, ca

11、reless, enthusiastic表示积极或消极:active, positive, negative表示自信或自负:confident, arrogant, proud表示乐观或悲观:optimistic, pessimistic3.抓住对话中的一些标识性的词语。听音时应注意抓住一些表示因果、转折、比较或举例等逻辑关系的标识性的词语,如:but, instead, if, when, since, before, after, so 等,尤其是转折后的内容,往往表达作者的真实观点或态度,常为考查重点。4.把握说话人的语气。听音时应注意通过说话人的语气来判断说话人的态度,尤其是反问、疑问

12、、感叹等语气,往往会明显地体现出说话人的态度或观点。【真题示例3】(06-6-3A The Edwards are quite well-off.B The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses.C Itll be unwise for the Edwards to buy another house.D Its too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house.W: I hear that the Edwards are thinking of buying a

13、nother house.M: Should they be doing that with all the other expenses they have to pay? Anyhow, they are over 70 now, their present house is not too bad.Q: What does the man imply?【解析】观点态度题。本题是问男士暗示什么。选项中living expenses(生活开支和buy another house表明对话应与the Edwards的生活开支和购房计划有关。对话中男士用反问语气(should they be do

14、ing?表示反对意见They shouldnt be doing(Itll be unwiseto do。四、地点场景题问题是关于对话发生的场合、地点或者涉及到的人或事物所处的位置。提问方式通常为:Where is the conversation most probably taking place?Where are the two people?此类题型解题技巧如下:1.单个地点题:抓住与特定地点相关的常用词语。这类题目的对话中一般不会提到具体场所,问题往往要求根据对话内容推测出谈话场所或某人的去向。考生要注意抓取信息词,即与特定地点相关的最常用词语。2.多个地点题:依赖笔记,留意提问中

15、的核心词。这类题目对话中一般会提到几个地点,而就其中某一个进行提问,解题关键在于区分细节,对与选项相关的细节进行速记,并注意抓住提问中的核心词。3.熟悉常考的地点。四级对话中常涉及的地点场景包括:诊所或医院(clinic or hospital 餐馆(restaurant学校或校园(school or campus 书店(bookstore火车站(railway station 机场(airport图书馆(library 邮局(post office银行(bank 旅馆(hotel【真题示例4】(新06-6-15A At a clinic.B In a supermarket.C At a r

16、estaurant.D In an ice-cream shop.M: Ill have the steak, French Fries, and lets see, chocolate ice-cream for dessert.W: Oh-oh, you know these things will ruin your health, too much fat and sugar, how about ordering some vegetables and fruit instead?Q: Where does the conversation most probably take pl

17、ace?【解析】地点场景题。本题是问对话最可能发生在哪。由对话中steak, ice-cream, order等关键词即可推断出对话应该是发生在餐馆。五、谈论话题题问题是关于对话中所谈论的话题或对象。提问方式通常为:What are they talking about?What are the speakers talking about?此类题型的解题技巧如下:1.根据选项特点判断问题类型。一般来说,这类题目的选项概括性都较强,且通常为短语;另外各选项所陈述的内容往往差别较大。2.捕捉与话题相关的关键词。只要能捕捉到对话中与该话题相关的关键词,往往就可以判断出对话谈论的内容。3.熟悉常考话

18、题相关词语。考生在平时训练中,应留意与某类话题相关的词语并加以记忆。4.注意不要只从对话一方的话语中寻找答案。由于是考查谈话主题,因此双方的话语中应都含有与主题相关的线索词。【真题示例5】(05-6-9A An art museum.B A beautiful park.C A college campus.D An architectural exhibition.W: Waa, I do like this campus. All the big trees, the green lawns, and the old buildings with tall columns. It is r

19、eally beautiful.M: It sure is. The architecture of these buildings is in the Greek style. It was popular in the 18th century here.Q: What are the speakers talking about?【解析】谈论话题题。本题是问说话双方正在谈论什么。抓住女士话中的campus 即可确定他们谈论的是一所大学的校园。六、身份关系题问题是关于对话中某个人物的职业身份或对话双方的关系等。提问方式通常为:Whats the womans job?What most p

20、robably is Mary?What is the probable relationship between the (two speakers?What is the most probable relationship between Jim and Bob?此类题型的解题技巧如下:1.注意称呼语。对话中的称呼语往往会直接暴露出说话人的身份或说话双方的关系,比如Mr.一词就表明对方很可能是自己的上级或老师。2.捕捉关键词及人物语气。解答这类试题,不但要熟悉体现某种人物关系或某种职业的相关词汇,而且要注意说话人的语气和态度,比如师生之间、夫妻之间、家长与孩子之间以及老板与员工之间的说话

21、方式和语气均有自己的特点。3.常考职业身份四级对话中常涉及的职业身份包括:教授(professor 秘书(secretary医生(doctor 老板(boss服务员(waiter/waitress 主人(host/hostess修理工(repairer, plumber, electrician家庭角色(husband, wife, son, daughter, girlfriend4.常考人物关系四级对话中常涉及的人物关系包括:夫妻(husband wife 父子(father son母子(mother son 师生(teacher student同学(schoolmate/ classma

22、te 同事(colleague老板与秘书(boss secretary 雇主与雇员(employer employee医生与病人(doctor patient 服务员与顾客(waiter/waitresscustomer主人与客人(host/hostess guest 警察与司机(policeman driver管理员与借阅者(librarian reader 房东与租房者(landlord/landlady tenant【真题示例6】(03-1-3A Colleagues.B Husband and wife.C Employer and employee.D Mother and son.

23、W: John, what are you doing on your computer? Dont you remember your promise?M: This is not a game. Its only a crossword puzzle that helps increase my vocabulary.Q: What is the probable relationship between the speakers?【解析】身份关系题。本题是问两个说话者最可能是什么关系。由双方对话的语气可推知二者应该是母亲和儿子的关系。七、数字信息题问题涉及到时间、年龄、数量、速度、价格等

24、信息。提问方式通常为:What time did Suzy leave home?How much does one ticket cost?When is the train leaving?此类题型的解题技巧如下:1.速记信息。这类题目的对话中一般都不会只出现一个数字,因此一定要对出现的数字及相关要点信息进行速记。2.听清问题。做这类题目时,必须清楚地抓住问题是针对什么提问,然后才能根据记录的信息将答案对号入座。3.不要直摄答案。这类题目的答案一般都不会是原文中数字信息的再现,往往需要经过简单的运算才能得出答案。【真题示例7】(04-6-3A At 10:30.B At 10:25.C A

25、t 10:40.D At 10:45.M: So when are the other guys going to get here? The train is leaving in 10 minutes. We cant wait here forever.W: Its 10:30 already. Theyre supposed to be here by now. I told everybody to meet here by 10:15.Q: When is the train leaving?【解析】数字信息题。本题是问火车什么时候离开。这类题往往是通过一次“加”或“减”得出答案。

26、英语四六级听力长对话6大边听边记技能长对话的篇幅较长,想要听过之后就能将主要的内容都清楚地记在脑子里,几乎是不可能的。考生只有听一遍的机会,只能边听、边记、边答。边听边记是听力中一项非常重要的技能,但是做笔记并不是要把听到的每一个单词都记下来,笔记无非是帮助记忆的手段,只要能把重要的信息用可识别的符号记录下来,就算达到了目的。因此为了提高听与记的效率,应注意把握一定的技巧和原则。一、抓住首尾句主题句常常是在对话的开头,它对整个对话的内容起一个概括和提示的作用,实际上是说话人所谈论的中心话题。长对话中的第一题很可能是针对对话的开头提问,考查考生对整个对话的主题或所谈话题的把握。结尾处往往涉及到建

27、议、决定或某种行为等,它对整个对话起到一个总结的作用。长对话的最后一题经常是针对对话的结尾设题,故留意其中的关键动词就成了解题的关键。【例1】(07-6-19【预览选项】A To go sightseeing.B To have meetings.C To promote a new champagne.D To join in a training program.【边听边记】M: Hi, Ann, welcome back. Hows your trip to the states?W: Very busy, 19I had a lot of meetings. 19. Why did t

28、he woman go to New York?【答案解析】选B。细节题。对话一开始,男士就问女士去美国的旅行怎么样,女士回答说很忙,她had a lot of meetings(要参加很多会议,由此可知女士去纽约是去参加会议。二、留意对话中的一问一答长对话中,对话双方往往出现多个一问一答,而这一恰恰是长对话的一个出题重点,对话后面问题往往就是对话原文中问题的照搬或是同义转述,因此其答案就是对话中紧接问题之后的答语,而且一般不会有同音或近音词的干扰,因此对于这类题目答案的基本原则就是听到什么选什么。【例2】(07-6-25【预览选项】A Data collection.B Training c

29、onsultancy.C Corporate management.D Information processing.【边听边记】W: Whats your line of business, Mr. Johnson?M: We are a training consultancy.25. What is the mans line of business?【答案解析】选B。细节题。女士的提问即为本题的提问,答案就在男士接下来的回答中。女士问男士Whats your line of business(做哪一行,男士回答说We are a training consultancy(我们是培训咨询

30、公司,由此可知答案为B。三、留意重复率较高的词或短语对话的主要内容理所当然会得到说话人的强调,而一个非常重要,也是非常明显的强调方式就是重复,而且重复的词语往往能够揭示对话的主题。因此对那些对话双方多次提到的词语或内容应进行重点记忆。【例3】(710分样卷-22【预览选项】AThe latest developments of an armed rebellion in Karnak.BThe fall of Karnaks capital city into the hands of the rebel forces.CThe epidemic that has just broken ou

31、t in the country of Karnak.DThe peace talks between the rebels and the government in Karnak. 【边听边记】W: We now interrupt our regular scheduled news program to bring you liveup-to-date coverage on the civil unrest in the newly formed country of Karnak, where our man Stan Fielding is stationed. Stan .M:

32、 , rebel forces launched the bigges t offensive against the ruling government in the 18-month conflict here in this country.M:, rebel forces are also using heavy artillery to pound the positions of government forces around the city center. Rebel forces are closing in, M: this war-t orn country , but

33、 that is always a concern if this war lingers on.22.What is the news coverage mainly about?【答案解析】选A。主旨题。主旨题的答案往往在开头或结尾,而本题的答案即出自开头的第一句。选项中的latest(最新的对应该句中的live up-to-date(最新直播,armed rebellion(武装叛乱对应unrest(动乱。另外,对话的主题往往会得到多次重复,因此根据后面多次出现的rebel forces, conflict, war等与“叛乱”相关的词语,也可判断本题答案为A。四、留意选项中的要点内容正

34、确选项往往与原文相似,或是原文的同义表达,因此应注意提取选项中的关键点,在听音时留意其是否在文中出现并加以记录。【例4】(710分样卷-25【预览选项】A Inadequate medical care.B Continuing social unrest.C Lack of food, water and shelter.D Rapid spreading of the epidemic【边听边记】W: what other pressing concerns are there for the citizens of the city?M: Well, since the beginnin

35、g of the conflict, starvation, and lack of clean water and adequate shelter have been the biggest daily obstacles facing the citizens of this war-torn country.25. What is the pressing concern of the citizens of Karnack?【答案解析】选C。细节题。四个选项中只有C项内容在对话中出现,其他三项均未涉及到,故只要抓住对话中starvation, and lack of clean wa

36、ter and adequate shelter或其部分内容,即可判断答案为C。starvation意为“饥饿”。五、留意数字、人名、地名、时间、年代等相关信息遇到数字、人名、地名、时间、年代时要对相关信息做简要记录,尤其是选项中出现类似的概念时,在听音时更应重点留意。【例5】(710分样卷-24【预览选项】A Late in the morning.B Early in the afternoon.C Sometime before dawn.D Shortly after sunrise. 【边听边记】M: Rebel forces are closing in, and its fear

37、ed tha they will be able to take the capital building before daybreak where, it is believed, many government officials are holding out.24. At what time of day do you think this news report is being made?【答案解析】选C。细节题。根据原文中its feared that they will before daybreak.可知,当时报道的时间应该是在before daybreak(黎明破晓前。d

38、awn相当于daybreak。六、注意使用缩略语记笔记一定要迅速,而要想在有限的时间内尽可能比较全面的记录重点信息,使用一定的缩略语和熟悉的符号是十分必要的,主要有以下几种方法:1.利用数学符号。如equal写成“=”; “”表示“unequal”;“”代表increase/up; “”表示resultfrom/because/since/for/as;“”代表lead to/result in/has become/turn into;“”表示decrease/drop/dip/fall;“”代表about/almost;表示more than;表示less than;“ +”代表inclu

39、de/cover;“-”则是exclude等。2.利用数字和其他固定符号。能用数字或其他固定符号代表的词全部用阿拉伯数字或符号,这样既能节约时间,又能避免拼写错误,如:twenty写成20; nineteen eighty four记作1984; $=dollar; =pound; 11 in the morning=11 am; 11 in the evening=11 pm等。3.创造自己的速写符号。在平时的训练中也可以使用和创造一些符合自己习惯的缩略语和符号,如u可代表understand(ing; m可代表mean(ing; m=minute; s=second; h=hour;imp

40、.=important/importance; nec.=necessary等。08年12月四级听力长对话解析本次听力考试长对话部分按主题来分,第一篇的主题是社会性话题,即“过渡性退休”人员的访谈,第二篇是生活话题,夫妻两人设想未来购买的农场的安排;按难度区分,第一篇对于大部分考生来说内容比较生疏,加之出现了几个生僻单词,难度较大;第二篇是生活对话,用词比较简单,难度颇低。第一篇长对话采访一个退休人士(Simen退休后的生活。他退休后有更多的时间来陪伴家人,还可以在旅游淡季出行,生活颇为惬意。但是Simen并非完全停止工作,他加入了一个叫做“Phased Retirement(过渡性退休”的方

41、案(scheme,半年休假(six-month break from work,剩余时间可以申请参与原工作单位的项目。该过渡性退休方案尚处于试验(trial阶段, 公司会在网上给所需职位打广告,像Simen这样已退休的老员工都能接触到。岗位种类有管理工作(administrative work还有专业性工作(specialized work,Simen可以自由选择,以便管理自己的时间。这个方案同时还让公司拥有很大的灵活性(flexibility,所以它们才采取这种“过渡性退休”方案(adopt the phase retirement scheme.虽然这篇长对话难度较大,但是只设置了三道题目

42、,所以出题点并不是很多,只在首尾及中间分别布置了三个考点。因为这是一个访谈类的节目,所以听力的线索在于woman speaker的提问。她总共提问了5个问题,考题设在第一、第三和第五个问题上。考题的第一个问题是为什么Simen退休后的生活惬意,答案在开头,他有更多的时间陪伴家人和旅游。第二个问题出现在长对话的中间部分,关于Simen如何知道公司的空缺岗位,答案是在网站上发布(advertise posts on the website。第三个问题是公司采取过渡性退休方案的原因,重点听懂对话最后一个小结(The company gets flexibility, too.就好了。根据对出题点及答

43、案分布的分析可见,虽然第一篇长对话话题较为生僻,但如果考生能把握访谈类对话听力的线索以及长对话开头、结尾和中间出题的规律,是不难回答这三个问题的。在此特别强调长对话听力的线索把握,长对话话题转折处必出考题,准确把握“转折点”才不会在考场上lose yourself.第二篇长对话属于生活场景,所以用词简单随意,每个speaker 的发言也较为简短。考题设置了四道,在很大程度上给广大考生送分了,大大得弥补了第一篇的缺憾。对话内容是man speaker带领woman speaker去看将要购置的农场(farm,两人共同设想对于farm的安排,如种植蔬菜; woman speaker担心资金问题,感

44、觉像在做梦一般(It seems like a dream,但man speaker安慰她已经攒够了钱。问题设置浅显易懂,答案比较容易把握。两篇长对话语速正常,连读较少且不明显,所以如果考生听不懂,问题主要出在话题本身和单词的掌握上。建议09年6月的考生可以适当关注社会上发生的各种话题,扩大自己的知识面,掌握一部分社会术语(social jargon, 如“过渡性退休”(phased retirement,一次性塑料袋(disposable plastic bags, 0812四级作文考题等。同时再次强调词汇量对于广大四级考生的重要性。单词的音形义要全面掌握,派生单词及词组力求一网打尽, 才能

45、更好得备战听力考试。四六级听力长对话10大听前预测方法听力题中很多选项都有比较明显的特点,或者使用某种专门的表达形式,如均为动词原形或均为人物角色等;或者含有一些标志性的词语,通过这些选项特点我们便可以推测问题可能考查的核心内容;另外,我们经常可以通过对选项的分析,排除一些比较明显的干扰性,缩小听音范围,从而在听音时更有针对性。一、各题主题揭示对话主题将各题所考查的主题内容结合在一起,往往可得出整篇对话的主题。如果某一题目是考查对话主题,其中的一个选项明显能够概括其他各题选项的内容,那么该选项很可能为答案。【例1】(710分样卷Conversation One【预览选项】19. ATo int

46、erview a few job applicants.BTo fill a vacancy in the company.C To advertise for a junior sales manager.D To apply for a job in a major newspaper.20. AA hard working ambitious young man.BA young man good at managing his time.CA college graduate with practical working experience.DA young man with his

47、 own idea of what is important.21. ANot clearly specified.BNot likely to be met.CReasonable enough.DApparently sexist.【听前预测】预览三道题各选项,由19题中的interview, applicants, vacancy, advertise for a manager, apply for a job等词语可以推测对话与刊登招聘广告或应聘工作有关。而20题中hardworking, ambitious, good at managing his time, with practical working experience, with his own idea等词语则表明对话