英语48个国际音标表(DOC 17页).doc

1、英语国际音标概说及练习一.英语国际音标英语国际音标表（48个）1.元音（20个）长元音/i:/:/:/u:/:/短元音/i/ / / /u/ / /e/ /双元音/ei/ /ai/ /i/ /i/ /e/ / / /a/2.辅音（28个）清辅音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ / /s/ / /ts/ /t/ /tr/ /h/浊辅音/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ / /z/ / /dz/ /d/ /dr/ /r/ 鼻 音/m/ /n/ /半元音/j/ /w/边 音/二.英语语音初步1.概说：英语国际音标共48个，其中20个元音，28个辅音（11个清辅音，17个浊辅音，其中3个鼻音，2个半元音，3

2、个似拼音，1个边音）2.元音12个单元音:5个长元音: /i:/:/:/u:/:/7个短元音: /i/ / / / u / / /e/ /8个双元音: /ei/ /ai/ /i/ /i/ /e/ / / /a/3.辅音：清辅音和浊辅音：清辅音：/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ / /s/ / /ts/ /t/ /tr/ /h/浊辅音：/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ / /z/ / /dz/ /d/ /dr/3个鼻音：/m/ /n/ /3个似拼音：/h/ /r/ /l/2个半元音：/j/ /w/1个边音：/l/4.巧记48个国际音标单元音共十二，四二六前中后。 双元音也好背，合口集中八个整。 辅音

3、共计二十八，八对一清又七浊， 四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音， 有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。 5.关于语音的几个概念: a. AHD表示美语发音，为The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language（简称AHD）标音所用。 b. KK音标是一套用于标注美式发音的符号系统, 这是一套最常用的也是最权威的注音法，从此人们把美语标准发音惯称为KK音标。 c. DJ是根据英国学者Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)中的标音而来. d.英式读音根据的是Eng

4、lish Pronouncing Dictionary 英语正音辞典。它们代表了被称为“Received Pronunciation ”(简称RP标准读音)的读音，这在受过教育的英国人尤其是南部英格兰人中通用。 1888年国际语音协会 (International Phonetic Association) 的语言学家便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号 (IPAInternational Phonetic Alphabet)，希望以一个符号代表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符号所产生的不便。 e.音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素。f.音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。 g

5、.元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分。英语中有20个元音。h.辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音。 i.开音节: 1)辅音+不发音e 如:kite cake name bike make take home plane shine 2)辅音+元音 如:he hi go no do be tree three hello j.闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 :sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head 2)元音+辅音 如: it is of in on up out an

6、t A chicken is in the kitchen. / A horse is in the house. A mouse is in the cats mouth. A sheep eats some beef and drinks some green tea.三. 英语国际音标练习1. 元音1) /i:/ 字母组合:ee ea e iethree tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece receive ceiling 2) /i/

7、发音字母 i y esit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build missmyth many twenty happy dictionarydefect decide delicious 3) / 发音字母 abag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 4) /e/ 字母组合 ea e ahead bread pleasureelephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed de

8、sk hotel yes many any 5) /:/字母组合ir ur ear er orgirl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burgerlearn earn earth heardterm her nerd servework worm work world 6) / 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e uteacher leader remember player speaker farmer powderdoctor actor mayor au

9、thor tractordelicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan chinamen listen famulus Saturday 7) /:/ 字母组合 ar acar farm card arm gardenfast class last glass plant aunt calm 8) / 发音字母 u o

10、ou oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup buscome mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourishblood flood9) /:/ 字母组合 al or au our arsmall wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumnfour mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter 1

11、0) / 发音字母 o ahot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar notwant wash watch 11) /u:/ 字母组合 oo o ufood moon room gloom broom doom goose toothshoe do twotrue truth blue full prude12) / 字母组合 oo ou u olook good foot book wood should could put full bull pull pushwoman wolf 13) /ei/ 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey name ca

12、ke late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plainthey grey 14) /ai/ 发音字母 i y bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye15) /a/ 字母组合 ou ow house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouseflower down now cow how town16) / 发音字母 o ow oa home cold go no phone

13、 host ghost know low below grow blow show flowboat coat goal17) /i/字母组合oy oiboy toy joy oil soil voice choice 18) /i/字母组合 eer ear beer deer ear near here fierce idea19) /e/ 字母组合ear air erepear bear chair air fair there wherecare20) /a/ / 字母组合our ower hour tour flower shower 2. 容易混淆的元音 /e/bad bed han

14、d head man men land lend pan pen sad said /i:/ei/real rail greet great mean main read raid /e/a/ bet bite red write said side head hide /a/:/house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count /a/ / found fond down done gown gone town ton / / fan fun san son tan ton 3.辅音 1) /p/ pen pear pla

15、y pig pour pull push 2) /b/ book big boot bike bread break 3) /t/ tree two ten ton town twenty city 4) /d/ door dull desk dose do dog dictionary 5) /k/ king kite key look cook book kitchen sky card cat cream correct climb come account accept fox box oxygen x-ray school schedule schema 6) /g/ girl go

16、od goal goat grade long language 7) /m/ man make moon morning move come comb 8) /n/ pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean 9) / uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning 10) /long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul 11) /r/ read red right run room write 12) /f/ five

17、 fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough physic photo phone 13) /v/ v very evening even every voice vest of 14) /s/ six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate piece juice science lance space ace 15) /z/zoo zebra zero zap close nose

18、 hose suppose pause those whose 16)/w/ think thank three thirty tooth mouth 17)/ that this those these though 18) / sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention station social special sure 19) / pleasure 20) /h/ hot hop home house horse how who 21) /w/when what where window wind wood 22)

19、 /j/yes year yell you your yolk yellow 23) /t/ child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach 24) /dz/age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk 25) /tr/ tree country try treat track trunk 26) /dr/dry dream drop drive drink 27) /ts/ students boots boats goats nuts 28

20、) /dz/goods woods moods hoods 4容易混淆的辅音 /v/w/ vest west vet wet vine wine very well /s/ /sink think mass math miss myth sort sought /z/ /close cloth breeze breathe /n/ thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing 5.字母，组合音节发音规律 1）a /ei/:/ late private grade bake grape nation station page active hand

21、 bank fan parent family glad flag accept about above formative machine cinema fast last glass class past father wash what watch want 2）e /i:/ /e/ / 不发音 appreciate extremely secret she me he letter left message generate pebble decide pretty previous result restore problem prosperous student confident

22、 active table late wife store lecture 3）i/ai/i/ high price library ice cream wife size line fist pick chicken piano fianc city unit 4）o /u:/ / /lode host cold note okay old home lose do who whose prove love some other mother honey company today tomorrow together control collect lost hot mock office

23、soft honest 5）u /ju:/ju/u/ university refuse unique universe huge put push pull full bull but brush bucket duck bubble support suggest 6）c /k/ /s/ country camp camera courage cable city ceiling celebrate cell cease 7）g /g/d/ girl grade glass glade bag flag village vegetable bridge gentleman gym long

24、 song sing morning evening 8) l /l/读音不同 listen learn language collect English gorilla world cold soil tall sell cool animal 9) n /n/ /moon night noodle number uncle hungry angry young 10) r /r/ right read write grade progress card board door floor form north 11）y /j/ai/ yellow year yell young yolk u

25、niversity country pretty happy dyke dying fly buy by my 12）ar /:/ /:/ / farm card garde mark dollar warm quarrel quarter 13) ea /i:/e/ei/i/cease season breathe feature meat please bread breast breath meadow weather great break idea realize 14) ear /:/ /i/ learn earth earn heard hear near clear ear f

26、ear 15) er/:/ / /i/ deserve serve her person teacher driver anger singer serious experience mysterious fierce 16） ere /i/e/ here mere fere sere there 17) ir /:/ /a/ shirt girl skirt admire desire 18) oo /u:/u/:/ room tool cool moon noon goof food good foot stood wood wool cook wood book blood flood

27、door floor 19) or /:/ /:/ /u/ short form corn born for work world worm word worst tractor doctor actor sector senior senator 20) oor /:/ /u/door floor moor poor boor 21) our /a/:/ hour tour flour bourn lour pour court four mourn 22) ou /a/house mouth mouse sound found enough trouble touch delicious

28、gracious prosperous 23) ow /a/ window meadow know show low now town how down cow 24) se /z/ /s/nose suppose gose lose pose rose mouse house 25) th /thank think thought cloth clothes that this then than 26) sion /n/n/propulsion tension progression passion protrusion provision conclusion television 27) tion /n/tn/ station nation translation attention question 17