经济学原理4课件.ppt

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关键词：: 经济学原理课件

资源描述：: 1、 Chapter 4Copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.All rights reserved.Requests for permission to make copies of any part of thework should be mailed to:Permissions Department,Harcourt College Publishers,6277 Sea Harbor Drive,Orlando,Florida 32887-6777.Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Ha
2、rcourt,Inc.u(supply)(demand).u .Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.u“Market is a forum of voluntary exchange”(Prof.McMillan,Stanford Univ.)u“”(Prof.Mankiw,Harvard Univ.)Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.u .u .Harcourt,Inc.items and d
3、erived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.(Competitive Market)(competitive market)Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.u u u()(price taker).Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.u Monopolyu,.u Oligopolyu u .Harcourt,Inc.items and derived
4、 items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.u Monopolistic Competitionu u u .Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.is the amount of a good/service that buyers are willing and able to purchase.,Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.states that the
5、re is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded./Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.is a table that shows the relationship between the price()of the good and .Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.PriceQuantity$0.00120.
6、50101.0081.5062.0042.5023.000Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.u Market priceu Consumer incomeu Prices of related goodsu Tastesu ExpectationsHarcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.is the downward-sloping line relating price to quantity d
7、emanded.Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.$3.002.502.001.501.000.502134 56789 1012110PriceQ uantity$0.00120.50101.0081.5062.0042.5023.000Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.Ceteris ParibusCeteris paribus .,ceteris paribus “.”Harcourt,
8、Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.:u Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.(Change in Quantity demanded)vs.(Change in Demand)u u Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.0D1 AC20$500$100012Harcourt,Inc.items and derive
9、d items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.u u Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.0D1 D3D2Increase in demandDecrease in demandHarcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.1.u .u .Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.$
10、300002134 56789 101211 0Increasein demand .D1D2Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.$3.002.502.001.501.000.502134 56789 101211 0Decreasein demand.D1D2Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.2.u ,.)vs.u ,)DVD player&DVDHarcourt,Inc.items and
11、derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.states that there is a direct(positive)relationship between price and quantity supplied.Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.u Market priceu Input pricesu T
12、echnologyu Expectations Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.PriceQuantity$0.0000.5001.0011.5022.0032.5043.005Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.the upward-sloping line
13、 relating price to quantity supplied.Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.$3.002.502.001.501.000.5021345 6789 101211Ice-Cream Cone Ice-Cream Cones 0PriceQuantity$0.0000.5001.0011.5022.0032.5043.005Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.u uG
14、raphically,individual supply curves are summed horizontally to obtain the market supply curve.Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.-u .u .Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.1 5 0S$500AC$1000Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright
15、 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.u u u Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.0S1S2S3Increase in SupplyDecrease in SupplyHarcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.Equilibrium Priceu .,.Equilibrium Quantityu .,.Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright
16、 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.PriceQuantity$0.0000.5001.0011.5042.0072.50103.0013PriceQuantity$0.00190.50161.00131.50102.0072.5043.001At$2.00,the quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied!Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.Ice-Cream Cone Ice-Cream Cones 21345 6789
17、1012110$3.002.502.001.501.000.50(Equilibrium)Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.Ice-Cream Cone Ice-Cream Cones 21345 678 9 1012110$3.002.502.001.501.000.50SurplusHarcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.*,.*.*Harcourt,Inc.items and derived
18、items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.Ice-Cream Cones Ice-CreamCone$2.000123456789 10 11 12 13SupplyDemand$1.50ShortageHarcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.*,.*.*Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.3 u ()u.u.Aircond.20007Aircond.Initialeq
19、uilibriumD11.Hot weather increasesthe demand for Aircond.D22.resultingin a higherprice.$250103.and a higherquantity sold.New equilibriumHarcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.(Shifts in Curves)vs.(Movements along Curves)u.u.Harcourt,Inc.items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt,Inc.S2 oil$700123478 911 12oil 13Initial equilibriumS110Newequilibrium2.resultingin a higherprice.$803.and a lowerquantity sold.

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