初中英语笔记(精华版)(DOC 56页).doc

1、初中英语笔记大全（精华版）l This is the key to the door .这是开门的钥匙。lcall sb. = phone sb. = ring sb. upplease give me a call .请打电话给我l family指家庭时是单数，谓语动词用“is”，family指家人时是复数，谓语动词用“are”。l of表示无生命物体的所有格，s表示有生命物体的所有格。有生命物体的所有格也可以用of，但有生命物体后要加“s”。l 以副词there或here开头的句子常要倒装，以示强调。l Whats your name, please? = Could you tell m

2、e your name, please? = May I have your name, please?l Nice to meet you. = Glad to meet you. = Pleased to meet you.l 写启示的方法：1.启示的主题；2.描述细节；3.留下联系方式。l 表示惊讶、忧伤、微怒、失望等，可以用dear作感叹词。l 名词如果有数量词修饰它，使用谓语动词适应看他的数量词，如： l get to somewhere (get home除外)到达ll 肯定：Let+宾语（人称代词的宾格或名词）+ V原型+否定：Dont let +宾语+V原型+/Let + 宾语

3、 + not + V原型+l have表示“有”时才可以用来提问或写成否定“havent”。ll联系动词be动词+ adj.作表语感官动词look 看sound 听smell 闻taste 尝fell 触l 反身代词：myself（我自己） yourself（你自己） himself（他自己） herself（她自己） itself（它自己） ourselves（我们自己） yourselves（你们自己） themselves（他们自己）l How much + be + 商品？（答：Its/Theyre） = What is the price of？（答：It s）l cent 美分 O

4、ne dollar =100 centsl other(两者中的另一个) another（三者中的另一个）l 越接近物品本身性质的形容词越靠近物品，如：big blue hatl 帮助某人做某事help sb. (to) do sth.help sb. with sth.with the help (n.) of sb. e.g. He studies math well, with the help of teacher.l 一般将来时的一般形式：主语+will+动词原形+l Can I help you? = What can I do for you? = (Is there) anyt

5、hing I can do for you?lwelcomea.受欢迎的v.欢迎n.欢迎get a warm welcome 得到热烈欢迎l be动词不加动词原形l “hundred，thousand”与基数词一起表示具体数字时不加“s”。hundreds of 上百 thousands of 上千l buy sth. for sb. = buy sb.（间接宾语） sth.（直接宾语） 为某人买某物l any body 在肯定句中表示任何人，在否定句和疑问句中不是。l for表示动词的对象或接受者，表示用途，表示目的，表示等价交换或标注价格，表示时间持续多久，表示距离，表示理由或原因。l e

6、ach强调两者或两者以上的每一个，强调个体+第三人称单数every强调三者或三者以上的每一个，强调整体There are many trees on each side of the roadThere are many trees on both sides of the roadl the price is low(high) 价格低（高）l也also放在be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实意动词之前either放在句末(疑问句、否定句)too放在句末(肯定句)l on a cold morning 在一个寒冷的早晨lwhen？答不用具体时间what time？答要用具体时间l比赛conte

7、st和智力或知识有关的竞赛gamematch有计划预先安排好的比赛l 持续一段时间的节日一般用“festival”.la kind of一种many kind of许多种all kinds of各种各样l kind of 有几分如：The elephants are kind of cute.l 含有think的宾语从句中如果从句中有否定，要否定前移，如：She doesnt think they are boring.(她认为他们不无聊)l 问：How are you？答：Im fine. (我很好。)/Just so so.(一般般。)l 表示时间、价格、距离的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

8、如：Two dollars is enough(足够)。l 怎么判断双音节单词中第一个音节是开音节还是闭音节：双音节单词中的两个元音是两个音节的中心，元音是由元音字母或元音字母组合发出的音，因此，首先找到单词中的两个元音字母或元音字母组合，两个中心就清楚了。两个中心之间的辅音字母（不是字母组合）则分别划归两个音节，第一个音节即为闭音节，如果两个中心之间的辅音字母为双写字母（包括“r”），分别划归前后，第一个音节按闭音节读音。如：paper /peip/ (pa为开音节) member /memb/ (mem为闭音节) happy /hpi/ (hap为闭音节) sorry /sri/ (sor

9、为闭音节) certainly /s:tnil/l I am sorry. I cant go with you. （对不起。我不能和你一起去。）l Thanks. / Thank you. / Thank you very much. / Thank a lot. / Many thanks.l You are welcome. / Thats OK. / Thats all right.l Its my pleasure. / With pleasure. （这是我的荣幸。）l make friend with sb. （和交朋友）l Thanks for + n. / v.ing = T

10、hanks sb. for + n. / v.ingl below 在下方（非正下方）反义词：above 在上面（非正上方，没有接触面）under 在下面（正下方）反义词：on（有接触面），over（没有接触面）在上面（正上方）l keep + sth. + adj. 使某物保持某状态。keep + adj. 保持某状态。l 表示请求、建议、希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句用“some”。l 问：Let答：OK. / All right. / Thats a good idea. / That sounds good. / Sorry.l sport用来修饰名词要变为sports。l play +

11、 the + 乐器 Erhu除外l be动词后叫表语，修饰名词叫定语，修饰动词叫状语，前后两词对等叫同位语。l 人民币和日元变复数不变，其他要。l be good with sb. = get on well with sb. 与某人相处的很好l 问：How often does Rick run on weekend?答：Rick usually runs on weekend.l always(总是)usually(通常)often（经常）sometime（有时）seldom（很少）never（从不）l 频度副词放在be动词或助动词之后，实意动词或行为动词之前。l 感叹句：What + (

12、a/an) + adj. + n. + (主) + （谓） ！如：What beautiful flowers they are!How + adj. /adv. + (主) + （谓） ！如：How beautiful the flowers are!l Can you think what his job is? 含有宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句的从句必须是陈述句。l Start to do sth. 开始做某事l be famous for 因出名l忙于某事be busy doing sth.be busy with sth.l对某人某事严格be strict with sb.be str

13、ict in sth. / doing sth.ll for + 时间段做某事持续多久l 问：How long do you have volleyball?答：I have volleyball for two hours.l ask sb. some questions. 问某人一些问题ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事l no =not anyl because不和so同时使用，although(尽管)不和but同时使用。llittle修饰不可数名词几乎没有(否定)a little有一些(肯定)few修饰可数名词几乎没有(否定)a few有一些(肯定)l either：两

14、者中的任何一个都行。neither：两者中的任何一个都不。l 用“may”提问的句子回答用can/can t或must / mustn t;用“can”提问的句子回答用can/cant;用“must”提问的句子回答用need/neednt.如：1. May I park my car here? Yes, you can / must. / No, you cant / mustnt. 2. Can I watch TV? Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 3. Must I clean the classroom this morning? Yes, you nee

15、d. / No, you neednt.l be afraid of doing sth. / be afraid of sth. 害怕做某事/某物l be fond of = likel make a continuation to sth. 对有贡献l do well in = be good at 擅长l 比较级 + and + 比较级 越来越l give back = return 归还l 法国人单数：Frenchman/Frenchwoman英国人单数：Englishman/EnglishwomanChinese和Japanese单复数同形l in the world 在世界上all

16、 over the world / around the world / the whole word 全世界l in the school 在学校里in school 在学校学习l outside 在外面outside the gate to the park 在公园门外l turning 转角l go down + 沿着 路走go straight down + 沿着 路直走l enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事enjoy oneself = have a good time = have funl take a walk = go for a walk = have a wal

17、kl the beginning of 的开始at the beginning of 强调在开始的那一刻in the beginning 起初，一开始from the beginning 开始时from beginning to end 从开始到结束l visit + 地点、参观某地a visit to + 地点、参观某地l have fun doing sth. 做很开心l 地点 + is a great place to do sth. 是一个做的地方l be busy with sth. 忙于某事l the way to 去的路on the way to + 地点 在去的路上on one

18、s way to + 地点 某人在去的路上on my way to home 在我回家的路上llll 主语 + hope(that) + 从句主语 + hope + to do sth.l live on 靠为生llpay 金钱 to sb. for sth. 为了某物付钱给某人pay 金钱 to sb. = pay sb. 金钱pay sb.付钱给某人l between 两者之间 among 三者或三者以上之间ll Why not do sth. ？ 表建议：为什么不做呢？Why dont you do sth. ? 表疑问：你为什么不要？ll如：People like this kind

19、of animals, because theyre kind of cute.l in the south of 在南部l asleep 睡着的 adj. fall asleep 入睡 be asleep 正睡着l be friendly to sb. 对某人友好l dont forget to do sth. 不要忘记做某事l tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人去做某事tell sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不去做某事ll 介词 + doing sth.l would like to do sth. 想要做某事l Which place do you live i

20、n = Where do you live ?l Isnt he cute ? 否定疑问句l Sam wants to play basketball, doesnt he ? 翻译疑问句l Why not do sth. ? = Why dont you do sth. ?l practice doing sth. 练习做某事l use sth. to do sth.l 比较级中的代词用that ， 如：The map of Beijing is better than that of Tianjin.l said to oneself 自言自语l be careful not to do

21、sth. 小心别做某事l do ones best 尽某人的全力ll be satisfied with 对满意l be full of 满是ll 条件状语从句：主语为将来时，从句为一般现在时。如：Well have a sports meeting if it doesnt rain tomorrow.l Its (形式主语) + adj. + （for sb.） + to do sth.(主语) 做某事怎么样。如：Its important for him to play the piano . 弹钢琴对他很重要。Its + adj. + of sb. to do sth. （adj.应为

22、sb.的本身性质）如：Its kind of you to help me. 你帮助了我，你真好。l go across the bridge 过桥l in + 时间段（将来时）多久后ll What does she do ? = Whats she? = Whats her job?ll 如：I hope I can visit Hong Kong sometime.lll talk to / with sb. 与某人交谈ll be out 外出ll waitress 女服务员ll be late for 做迟到了ll learn by oneself = teach oneself 自学l

23、ll show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.l lately 最近ll thanks for + n. / 动名词l 表语一般放在be动词后，定语一般放在名词前。l be with sb. 与某人在一起ll 描述头发：漂亮 + 长短 + 形状 + 颜色描述人的长相：have / has + hair / eyes / ears / mouth / nose is / am / are + tall / short / thin / heavy / good-looking / of medium height l strong的反义词：weak 虚弱的l love t

24、o do sth. 喜爱做某事l wear 用进行时态时表示短时间内的状态。如：Miss Li is wearing a new dress today. 李老师今天穿着一件新裙子。l popular 流行；受欢迎的 pop 流行ll kind of = a little bit + adj. / adv. = a little bit of + n.ll 多个形容词修饰名词时，顺序为：限定词（the；a） 数词 描绘词 （大小、长短、形状、新旧、颜色） 出处 材料性质、类别 名词 llll outgoing 外向的l What fine weather it is ！ = How fine

25、the weather is ！lll round the world 全世界l junk food 垃圾食物ll be on a visit (n.) to = visit (v.) l stay + adj. 保持lll be angry with sb.ll most of 中的大多数lll He doesnt want to do anything. = He wants to do nothing.l Help oneself to sth. 受欢迎l play a joke on sb. 和某人开玩笑l dress sb. 为某人穿衣打扮l 动词原型及其过去式l to + v.（不

26、定式）l another + n.（单） | |ll Its time for sb. to do sth.l be worry (adj.) about (担心) = worry (v.) aboutlll sothat 如此以致l discuss with sb. sth.lll as soon as 一 就l Stand sth.l Maybe adv.l exercise (v.) = do exercise (n.) / do sportslll How oftenHow manyHow muchHow long 时间多久How far 距离多远How soon 多快 例：How s

27、oon will you come back ？ In two days.How many times 多少次l result for do sth.l want sb. to do sth.ll Thanks for doing sth.lll be different from 与不同l look after = take care of 照顾（重视）ll style 风格、方式lll the old 老人l kind person 热心人l the same as 与一样l kind of = a little (bit)l keep in good healthy = keep hea

28、lthyl make a plan for 为做计划l although = though 让步状语从句：虽然、尽管lll be good at sth. / doing sth.l advice (un.) 建议 a piece of advice.ll lots of = a lot ofllll certainly 当然l sound like + 名词 / 名词词组ll want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 = would like sb. to do sth.ll hope表示有可能实现的愿望。hope to do sth.希望去做某事；hope + that从句（

29、that可以省略）。另外，hope后面+so表示“希望如此”；hope not表示“希望不是这样。wish表示的愿望有点难实现。wish to do sth.希望做某事；wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事；wish that从句，从句所表示的希望一般是不可能实现的，故用虚拟语气。llll Need sth. / to do sth.l Be good for sth. / doing sth.l get 变得ll be with sth.ll western 西方的l 形式主语Its + adj. to do sth.l improve 提高l have a pain in

30、the + 身体部位l 名词修饰名词：修饰词总为单数 woman man 跟着所修饰词单复数变化 sport 作为修饰词总为复数l there be + 主语 + doing sth.l if：条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来时。ll 不擅长：be weak is擅长：be good atl Angry with sb. about sb. 为某事生某人的气。l for表目的，例：We come here for vacation.ll 将来时：1. will + v.(原)2. be going to do sth. 3. 用现在进行时表将来时ll sb. pay 钱 for sth.ll

31、go away 离开l Have a good time = Enjoy yourselfl send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.l show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.lll think (过去式：thought) ：think about sth. / doing sth. 思考l think of ：想起l decide (决定) to do sth. / on sth. / on doing sth.l 在某大洲中心in：Greece is in Europe.（European欧洲的）l leave somewhere 离开某地

32、 leave for somewhere 离开去某地l planplannedplanningl natural 自然的l finish doing sth. 完成某事l hope to do sth. / 从句ll I cant wait to do sth. 我迫不及待想做某事l the number of 的数量l depend on 依赖于l in the mountain 在山区ll keep + 宾语 + adj.（宾补）ll decide to do sth. / on sth. /on doing sth.l 宾语从句：陈述句语序l get to = reach = arriv

33、e in / atl Would / Will you please + v(原)l sit at the table 用餐l the final(adj. 最后的) exam 期末考试l How 提问方式方法ll 地 + is + 距离 + (away) from B地有具体距离不再用farIts + 距离 + from A to B划线部分提问：Its ten kilometres from my home to school.How far is it from your home to school ？l It take sb.to do sth. 例：It takes him abo

34、ut 10 minutes to ride to the station.l ride 车程 ：An hours bus ride will take you there.ll final = at last =in the endl not all （部分否定）并非所有：Not all students are here.llll a lot / far / much 用来修饰比较级表示差别程度大，差别程度小用 a bit / a littlell What do you think of ？ = How do you like ？l need（实义动词） + sth. / to do st

35、h.l the number of 的数量，谓动用单数（is）The number of the students is 100.l worry（v.）l invite (v.) invitation (n.)lll discuss sth. 讨论某事llll on ones way to ： 谁在前往的路上by the way ： 顺便提一下inways ： 方面Excuse , youre in my way ： 你挡到我了llll enjoy doing sth.l be good at = as aslllll on the farm : 在农场上l take part in = jo

36、in inl like helping othersl however = butll make sb. adj. (宾补)l lielyingl another + 数字 + 复数名词l by plane = by airl breakbrokebrokenl be + 过去分词 被动语态ll healthyhealthierllll would like to do sth.l Youd better do sth. / not do sth.l view vju: n. 观点l face to face 面对面l another在做形容词时意为“又一个，再一个，另外的”，其后可以接可数名

37、词的单数或复数。如：I have another two books to read.l another ，the other ，others ，the others another既可作形容词又可作代词，泛指“再一个，又一个”，表示“总数为三个或三个以上中任意的另一个”，表示泛指，可以单独使用；作定语时，修饰可数名词单数，其前不加冠词。如：This dress is dirty ，please change another one for me. the other表示“两个中的另一个”，表示特指，总数为两个；它可以单独使用，也可用the other + 可数名词单数。如：His paren

38、ts both work in a hospital. One is a doctor and the other is a nurse. others用于泛指一些人或事物中其他的，可单独使用或用other + 可数名词复数来代替。注意others后面不可直接加名词。如：Some students like English and other students (others) like physics. the others指一定范围内其余所有的人或物，表示特指。如：This dictionary is better than the others.l 形容词、副词的比较级1. 比较级的定义

39、大多数形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更”。比较级前面一般用much ，even ，a little修饰。2. 比较级的构成(1) 规则变化 单音节和部分双音节的形容词或副词一般在词尾加er如：calmcalmer talltaller smartsmarter 以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加r如：nicenicer finefiner largelarger 以辅音+y结尾的词，变y为i，再加er如：earlyearlier happyhappier busybusier 以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再

40、加er如：bigbigger thinthinner hothotter 多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more如：popularmore popular importantmore important(2) 不规则变化少数形容词、副词的比较级变化是不规则的：goodbetter bad/illworse many/muchmore littleless farfarther/further oldolder/elder3. 比较级的用法(1) 当两个人或事物（A和B）进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词或副词的原级或比较级。 表达“A和B一样”，用asas的结构。公式：A + be动词 +

41、 as + 形容词原级 + as + B A + 实义动词 + as + 副词原级 + as + B如：I am as tall as you. He runs as fast as I. 表达“A不如B”用not as/soas的结构。公式：A + be动词的否定形式 + as + 形容词原级 + as +B A + 助动词的否定形式 + 动词 + as + 副词原级 + as + B如：I am not as tall as you. He doesnt run as fast as I. 表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构公式：A + be动词 + 形容词比较级 + than

42、+ B A + 实义动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B如：I am taller than you. He runs faster than I.(2) 关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法 比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语，意思是“更”，“得”。常见词有much ，a little ，even ，a lot ，a great deal等。如：He is much taller than I. I jump a little higher than he. 比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构，表示具体“大多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。如：I am two years

43、older than he. This building is 20 meters higher than that one. 表示“越来越”比较级 + and + 比较级（单音节词）；more and more + 原级（多音节词）如：It is getting warmer and warmer.He is running faster and faster.Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. 表示“越就越”；the+比较级，the+比较级如：The more ，the better The more careful you a

44、re ，the fewer mistakes you will make. the+比较级of the two表示两个当中较的一个如：The taller of the two boys is my brothers.4. 运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题(1) 按语法规则，than后面的人称代词应当用主格，但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。如：He is more careful than I (me).(2) 只有同类的事物才能比较如：Her bag is bigger than mine. Her bag is bigger than I.The weather of Kun Ming is much better than that of Shenyang. The weather of Kun Ming is much better than Shenyang.5. 加er的双音节词大多以y、ow、er、ple、ble结尾6. 由词根+前缀/后缀形成的形容词+morel 一般现在时一般现在时是指经常发生的动作或存在的状态，其谓语动词用原形，当主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词有三单变化。1. 一般现在时态的句型：(1) 动词为be动词时：主语 + be动词（