高中英语代词的用法详解(DOC 21页).doc

1、代词的用法详解代词分为：人称代词；物主代词；反身代词；相互代词；指示代词；疑问代词；关系代词；连接代词；不定代词。.人称代词 主格：I you he she it we you they 宾格：me you him her it us you them 1.人称代词的用法1）作主语（作主语时用主格） We love our country. 我们热爱我们的祖国。 You cannot eat your cake and have it. 鱼与熊掌不可兼得。2）作宾语（作宾语时用宾格） Winnie is a nice girl. We all like her. 温妮是个好姑娘。我们都喜欢她。

2、 Tell him to call back later. 告诉他过一会儿回电话。3）作表语（在口语中用宾格） If I were her, I would stay. 要是我是她，我就留下来。 Dont blame Tom. Its me who broke it. 别怪汤姆，是我打破的。2. 人称代词的宾格代替主格的几种场合1）在日常生活中，人称代词作表语时，常用代词的宾格。 A: Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门呀？ B: Its me. 是我。2）口语中，当人称代词孤立地用于不带谓语的句子中作主语时，常用代词的宾格。 A: I dont want to

3、 go to the theater tonight. 今晚我不想去剧院。 B: Me neither. 我也不想去。 A: Id like to stay here for another week. 我想在这里再呆一周。 B: Me too. 我也是。3）在带as 和than 的比较级后面，许多场合下用代词的宾格。 She knows me as well as him. 她像了解他一样了解我。 He is taller than me. 他比我高。4）口语中，当人称代词用于带有强烈感情色彩的句子中作主语且其后不带宾语时，多用代 词的宾格。 A: You ought to do it at

4、 once. 你应该马上做。 B: What? Me! 什么？我！3.多个人称代词并列时的顺序 在英语中如果出现多个人称代词，其排列的顺序主要有如下几种情况：1） 单数的场合you he/she I You, he and I will go shopping tomorrow. 你，他和我明天将去购物。2） 复数的场合we you they We, you and they are all Chinese. 我们，你们和他们都是中国人。3） 男女两性并列场合he she He and she dont agree with me. 他和她不同意我的看法。4） 承认错误或承担责任时I he/s

5、he you I and he are to blame for the accident.我和他应为这次事故承担责任。注意：You and I 是固定结构，即使是在承认过失时，词序也不变。 You and I are to blame. 我和你应为此负责。4.he和she 的特殊用法 he 可指代雄性动物或庞大而又威猛之物。 she 可指代雌性动物或柔弱，优美之物，也可代表拟人化说法中的国家，月亮，汽车，轮船等无生命的东西，以表达其喜爱或亲切之情。1) The fierce tiger came at the monkey, but he missed her. (he指tiger，her指

6、monkey)凶猛的老虎向猴子扑来，可没扑到。2) China will always do what she has promised to do.中国将始终履行自己的诺言。3) The moon loses her brilliance when the sun makes his appearance.太阳一出来，月亮就失去了她的光辉。4) She was Titanic, a ship which was said never to sink.她就是泰坦尼克号，据说是一艘永不沉没的船。5.报刊的编辑和文章的作者，在发表观点时，常用we 代替I （同样地，用our 代替my）1) We

7、believe that China will still make greater progress.我们相信中国将会有更大的发展。2) In our opinion this is the best film of the year.我们认为这是今年最好的一部电影。6.we, you, they 有时超出人称的区别，都可以泛指一般人，指“人们”，单数用he. 1) We never know the worth of the well till it is dry. 失去了才知道可贵。2) You cant live without air and water离开空气和水，人就无法生存。3

8、) They say theres going to be another good harvest this year.人们说今年又将是个丰收年。4) He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后谁笑的最好。6.注意比较：1) I love you better than he.(I love you better than he loves you.) 我比他爱你。 2） I love you better than him. (I love you better than I love him.) 我爱你胜过爱他。7. it 的用法1) 指刚提到过的事物，以避

9、免重复。 A: When did the letter come? 这封信什么时候送来的？ B: It came this morning. 今天早上送来的。2）指未知性别的婴儿或孩子。 What a beautiful baby, is it a boy? 多漂亮的宝宝呀，是男孩吗？3）指不明身份的人。 A: Who is it knocking at the door? 谁在敲门？ B: It might be the postman. 可能是邮递员。4）指时间或季节。It is ten oclock.现在是十点钟。It was nearly midnight when she came

10、back.她回来时已快到午夜了。It is late autumn.现在已是深秋了。5） 指天气，环境。Its raining hard outside.外面雨下得正大。It is noisy in here.这里很嘈杂。6） 指距离。It is half an hours walk to the city centre.走到市中心只需半小时。7） 用于形式主语或形式宾语。简单句：It is hard to learn English well. 形式主语 真正主语 I find it hard to learn English well. （hard为语补足语，语义上的补充） 形式宾语 真正

11、宾语注：宾语，宾语补足语合称为复合宾语。复合句：I find (that) it is hard to learn English well. （宾语从句） 主句 系表8） 用于强调结构中It is/was that/who（不作任何成分）The students are learning grammar in the classroom now.It is the students who are learning grammar in the classroom now.It is grammar that the students are learning in the classroo

12、m now.It is in the classroom that the students are learning grammar now.It is now that the students are learning grammar in the classroom.注意：在强调结构中，不能强调谓语部分。9） 用来代替上文提到过的句子。You saved my life; Ill never forget it.注意：this 上文发生过的，下文要说的事。（通常） that 只能指代上文说过的一个名词。 it 通常指代上文的一句话。 He bought me a shirt. I li

13、ke it. He bought me a shirt. I like that. It常用的固定句型：1） It takes sbto do某人用多长时间做某事It took the man a week to mend our roof.这些人花了一周时间修好我们的屋顶。2） Its (about/high) time thatshould是该做某事的时候了Its (about/high) time that we should take action.该是采取行动的时候了。3） Its the 序数词 time (that)have v-ed第几次做某事了It is the third

14、time that he has failed the driving test.这是他第三次没能通过驾驶考试。4） Itssince从已（多长时间了）It is five years since he stopped smoking.他戒烟五年了。It is five years since we last met.从我们上次见面到现在已有五年了。5） It was notbefore；It wont be long before用不了多长时间某动作发生了; 过不了多久某动作将要发生It was not long before they arrived. It wont be long be

15、fore he returns from abroad.没过多久他们就到了。 不久以后他们就要回国。物主代词 形容词性物主代词：my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their 名词性物主代词：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours,yours,theirs1. 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，放在名词前作定语。Its not my computer. 那不是我的电脑。She turned away her eyes. 她把目光移开。Is this your coat? 这是你的大衣吗？注：1）形容词性物主代词后可加own表示强调，意

16、为“自己的，完全属于自己的”。 Monica has her own computer. 莫妮卡有自己的电脑。 I wont believe anything unless I see it with my own eyes. 除非我亲眼看见，否则我不会相信任何事情。 2）形容词性物主代词常用来构成固定短语，此时代词不可缺少。 try ones luck 碰运气 in ones opinion 依某人的观点2. 名词性物主代词相当于名词，不能用于名词之前。（名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词加上前面所提到的名词）其功能如下：1） 作主语：This is not my dictionary.

17、Mine is lent to Lucy. 这不是我的字典，我的借给露西了。 Our school is in the centre of city and theirs is in the suburb. 我们的学校在市中心，他们的在郊区。2） 作宾语：Every person showed his ticket and I showed mine. 每个人都出示了票，我也出示了我的。 I dont like her dress while I like yours. 我不喜欢她的裙子，但喜欢你的。3） 作表语：This camera is mine and that is yours. 这

18、架照相机是我的，那是你的。 Is this backpack his or hers? 这个背包是他的，还是她的？4） 与of连用构成双重所有格作定语：I am a great admirer of yours. 我是你的一位崇拜者。Adeline is a friend of mine. 艾德林是我的一位朋友。反身代词 表示动作对象是发出者本身。 单数：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself. 复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves.1. 反身代词的用法1） 作宾语反身代词作宾语表示动作的承受者

19、就是动作的执行者自己。I hope you will enjoy yourselves on the trip.我希望你们旅途玩得愉快。The little boy can dress himself now.那个小男孩现在能自己穿衣服了。2） 作表语在be 和其他系动词如feel, look, seem 之后，反身代词可以用来描述感觉，情绪和状态。I am not feeling myself today.今天我感觉有点不舒服。The poor girl in the picture is myself.照片上这个可怜的小女孩就是我。3） 作同位语反身代词在句中作名词或代词的同位语，用来加强

20、其语气，常位于名词或代词后，作主语的同位语时也可位于句尾。I want to see Bob himself.我想见鲍勃本人。Mary worked out the problem herself.玛丽自己做出了这道题。2. 常用的反身代词短语1） devote oneself to 致力于 2）enjoy oneself 玩得高兴3）dress oneself 自己穿衣 4）come to oneself 恢复知觉5）help oneself to 随便吃，随便用 6） hide oneself 把自己藏起来7）teach oneself 自学 8） lose oneself 迷路9）by

21、oneself 亲自（独自地） 10）talk to oneself 自言自语11）excuse oneself 自我辩解 12）be not oneself 身体不舒服13）for oneself 替自己，为自己 14）in oneself 本身15）between ourselves 私下说的话（不可告诉别人）16) among themselves 他们之间 17) to oneself 供自己使用注：有时，用形容词将反身代词分开。I am still my old self. 我还是原来的我。Ill put my humble self at your service. 鄙人愿意听候您

22、的吩咐。相互代词 表示互相：1）each other 两人间的相互关系，使用对象上亲密，亲切。 2）one another 指几个人之间的相互关系，使用对象上疏远。 each other 和one another语义相同，句子成分上只能做宾语使用。 Tom and I write to each other/one another every week. 汤姆和我每周互相写信。 They gave each other/one another a present. 他们彼此赠送了礼物。注意：each other和one another的所有格形式是在后一个词上加s We often borro

23、w each others/one anothers clothes. 我们常常互借衣服穿。 They have great concern for one anothers/each others work. 他们很关心彼此的工作。相互代词的用法：1）作宾语： Sports can help people from different countries understand each other better. 体育运动可以使来自不同国度的人们彼此了解。 We should learn from one another. 我们应该互相学习。 2）所有格形式作定语 You ought to

24、respect each others choices.你们应该相互尊重对方的选择。 They took down one anothers addresses. 他们彼此记下了对方的地址。指示代词1. this, that, these, those的用法1） 表示近指和远指this, these往往指时间或空间较近的人或物。that, those可指时间或空间较远的人或物。This gift is for you and that one is for your brother.这件礼物是你的，那件是你弟弟的。I love these books but I dont like those

25、 ones.我喜欢这些书，但不喜欢那些。注意：英国人打电话时，this指自己，that指对方。 Hello, this is Allan. Who is that speaking? 喂，你好！我是艾伦，你是哪位？2） 指刚提到过的或将要提到的事指刚提到过的事情或已经完成的事情用that。Little George broke the vase, but he didnt admit it and that was very annoying.小乔治打碎了花瓶，自己还不承认，真是太气人了。指即将要发生或将要提到的事情用this.I want to know this: Was Miss Ton

26、es here the whole morning?我想知道的是，琼斯小姐整个上午都在这里吗？3） that, those常常用来代替上文提到过的名词，以避免重复。that 指代不可数名词或可数名词的单数。Life today is much better than that in the old days. (that指代life)现在的生活比过去好多了。 those 指代可数名词复数。 The days in summer are longer than those in winter. (those指代the days) 夏天的白天比冬天的白天长。4） this, that还可用作副词，

27、意为“这么”“那么”。修饰形容词或副词，其用法与so类似。She has never been this late for school before.她以前上学从没有这么晚过。She is too young to walk that far.她太小，走不了那么远。5） 与表示时间的名词搭配。this 与有些名词连用表示“目前的具体时间”。this morning 今天早晨 this afternoon 今天下午 this evening 今天晚上 this week 本周this month 这个月 this spring 今年春天that 与某些名词连用表示“过去的具体时间”。that

28、morning 那天早上 that afternoon 那天下午that evening 那天晚上 that week 那周that month 那个月 that spring 那年春天these 与某些名词连用表示“与目前相关的一段时间”。these days 如今，目前，这些天 these years 这些年these months 这些月 those 与某些名词连用表示“与过去相关的一段时间”。 those days 那些日子 those years 那些年 those months 那些月注意：指示代词在句中所作得成分1） 主语：This is what I want to empha

29、size. 这就是我想强调的。2） 宾语：Better take those with you. 最好把那些带着。3） 表语：My idea is this. 我的想法是这样的。4） 定语：What shall I do with these flowers? 这些花怎么办？疑问代词 who, whom, whose, what, which.1. who指人，是主格。主要作主语或表语。Who saw you? 谁看见你了？ Who is that girl? 那女孩是谁？2. whom 指人，为who的宾格，用作定语。With whom did you go to the concert?你

30、和谁去听音乐会？3. whose 是用来询问某人或某物属于谁的，在句中放在名词前作定语。Whose bicycle is this?这是谁的自行车？4. what 用于对未知事物提问，主要指事物，也可以指人的职业或身份特征，还可用来询问价格，人口数量等。What do you usually do on Sundays? 星期天你经常做什么？What color do you like? 你喜欢什么颜色？What is your father? 你父亲是做什么职业的？注意：1）Whatfor? 有时省略为What for? 用来询问原因或目的的。 What do you spend all t

31、he money for？ 你为什么把那些钱都花光了？ What for? We still have enough food in the apartment. 为什么？在公寓里我们仍然还有足够的食物。 2）What if 用来表示假设，建议，征求意见或疑虑等。 What if it rains while we are on the way? 要是旅途中下雨怎么办？ What if I go with you to the bazaar tomorrow? 明天我和你们一块去集市怎么样？ 3）What about ? 表示建议或征求对方意见。 What about going to the

32、 zoo? 去动物园怎么样？ I dont want to leave, what about you? 我不想走，你呢？ 4）What do you mean用于向对方表示愤怒，不满等情绪。 What do you mean by shutting the door so loudly? 你这么大声关门是什么意思？ What do you mean by shouting at me? 你对着我大嚷是什么意思？5. which 可指人或事物，表示在某一范围内选择。 用于必须做出某种特定的选择时，which后可以加of，而what 则不可以。 Which color do you like b

33、etter, red or yellow? 红色和黄色你更喜欢哪一种？关系代词 关系代词在语义上与被修饰的名词一一照应，是对等的关系。 who, whom, whose, which, that, as, but, than 都是用来引导定语从句的，这类代词通常起着纽带的作用，把从句和它修饰的词连接起来，同时又在从句中担任一个成分。1) The boy who went to the library is our monitor.2) The girl whom she is looking after is her neighbor.3) The person whose coat is g

34、reen is my tablemate.4) I like the book which is written in English.5) The man that is giving a speech on the meeting is our dean.6) As is expected, he failed the exam.正如所料，他考试不及格。7) There is nothing in the classroom but interested him.教室里的一切都使他产生了兴趣。8) They talk about less anxiety than exists in th

35、eir life.他们谈论着生活中感到有点焦虑的事。1. 关系代词在句中所作成分：1） The girl who spoke is my best friend.（作主语）讲话的女孩是我最好的朋友。2） The man whom I bought it from told me to oil it. （作宾语）卖它给我的人让我给它擦油。3) A mental patient is one whose mind is diseased. （作定语）精神病人是脑子有病的人。4) He that would eat the fruit must climb the tree. （作主语）想吃果子的人

36、就得爬树。5) She was not in the train which arrived just now. （作主语）她不在刚到的那列火车上。注意：（1）把它们称作关系代词是因为它们有关联作用，把引起的从句和所修饰的词联系起来。这种从句可称作关系从句，由于它修饰一个名词或代词，因而也称作定语从句。 指人时：who whom 指物时：that which （在紧跟介词时只能用which，不能用that.） The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的文件已经找到了。 This is a subj

37、ect about which we might argue for a long time. 这是一个我们可能长时间争论的问题。 （2）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，that 常可省略。 Those books (that) you lent me were very useful. 你借给我的那些书很有用。 Here is the car (that) I told you about. 这就是我跟你谈到的那辆车。 She has everything (that) she could wish for. 她想要的东西全有了。2.“as, but, than”的用法 1）as：as在九大代

38、词中，只能作关系代词，引导定语从句。 当主句中出现such, the same时，用as。 He never hesitates to make such criticisms as are considered to be helpful to others. 在非限定性定语从句中，先行项是整个的主句，通常把as 引导的定语从句置于句首。 As was expected, he failed the exam.2） but=that not引导定语从句，作主语，作宾语，双重否定。先行词通常也是否定含义的：nobody, no one, nothing, none.There is no on

39、e of us but wishes to go.(but wishes to go=that doesnt wish to go.)我们人人都想去。3）than 最基本的用法：作为从属连词使用，用于比较状语从句中，即形容词的比较级。 The indoor swimming pool is very luxurious which/that is necessary. The indoor swimming pool is more luxurious than is necessary. （than：引导定语从句 在定语从句中作主语） The indoor swimming pool is

40、most luxurious that is necessary. （在形容词最高级单独作表语时，定冠词the常可省略。）连接代词连接代词是由疑问代词充当的，用来引导各种名词性从句，并在从句中充当一定的成分。普通连接代词： who, whom, whose, which, what复合式连接代词：whoever, whomever, whosever, whichever, whatever.连接代词用来连接名词性从句：1.主语从句 2.宾语从句 3.表语从句 4.同位语从句1.主语从句：1）Who will go there has not been decided. 2) Whom you

41、 are looking after is not known. 3) Whose car it is is not clear. 4) Which well visit is up to her. 5) What you said is clear. 6) Whoever comes will be welcome. 7) Whomever you are looking for is not important. 8) Whosever car it is is unimportant. 9) Whichever you choose is my favorite. 10) Whateve

42、r you said is OK.2.宾语从句：1) I dont know who will go there. 2) I dont know whom you are looking after. 3) I dont know whose car it is. 4) I dont know which well visit. 5) I dont know what you side. 6) I dont know whoever comes. 7) I dont know whomever you are looking for. 8) I dont know whosever car it is.