阅读表达答题技巧详解与考试(DOC 11页).doc

1、阅读表达答题技巧详解与练习一、关于阅读表达题阅读表达题是自2007年开始山东省高考试题中增加的 一种新的测试题型，要求考生在阅读所给短文，然后按照题目要求回答文后的五个问题，每个问题3分，总分15分。该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性，更能体现对考生的 综合语言运用能力的考查。按照考试说明，阅读表达题的问题总共有七种类型：问题类型常见问题主旨概括Whats the best title of the passage?What is the purpose of the writers writing t

2、his passage?Whats the main idea of the passage/article?填空Please fill in the blank in the passage with a proper sentence / proper words or phrases.翻译句子Translate the underlined sentence in the paragraph into Chinese.同意句替换Please find out the sentence in the passage which can be replaced by the followin

3、g one.封闭性问题Regular close-ended wh-questions based on the passage.开放性问题What would you do if you ?What other suggestions would you give?How would you settle the problem if you?其他类型每年的高考题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类，问题的顺序也会结合问题的信息点在文章种出现的顺序进行排列。其他类型的题目属于不确定题型，是根据文章题材和体裁的具体特点设计的与以上六种题型不同的问题类型。还有就是为了控制考生在该试题上所化肥的时间，在

4、每一个需要考生回答的 问题后面都有具体字数的要求（翻译句子和句子填空题除外）。二、答题步骤： 快速阅读，把握大意和文章脉络，以及作者写作意图；浏览题目，搞清考查目的；再度文章，仔细推敲，准确答题。三、阅读表达题的解题方法与技巧1、主旨概括：主要考查考生对文章内容的整体把握能力。要想答好该题，考生必须有很强的概括能力或归纳能力，要善于寻找能够概括全文的主题段落或者主题句，剔除文中的细节事实或者作者所用的论据，即要分清主旨和细节，概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个段落，绝对不可太笼统离题太远或者以偏概全；文中标题格式可以是完整的句子，简洁的短语，也可以用问题的形式，同时要注意字数要求。具体

5、的表达可以先根据文章内容找出关键词，再在此基础上确定文章标题或者文章的main idea。2、同意句替换：只有准确理解所给句子的意义，抓住所给句子中的关键词，才能准确快速地找出原文中意义相同的句子。3、填空：回答此类问题时，一定首先注意弄清楚上下文的逻辑关系，如递进、转折、并列、对比、因果等等；然后根据上下文的含义搞清楚空白处该填句子还是短语或者单词，再读上下文，最后确定答案。4、翻译句子：在该类题目中要求翻译的句子往往是结果较为复杂或者包括一些特定习语的句子。因此再翻译之前一定要先分析句子结构，并结合文章中心思想以及上下文弄清句子所在的语境，同时还要注意英、汉两种语言及其问题特征的差异，最后

6、在忠实于原文的基础上，把画线部分的句子翻译成符合汉语表达习惯的句子。5、封闭性问题：封闭性问题是指答案是固定或唯一的问题，一般可在文章中找到明确的答案或依据，包括常见的wh-questions。6、开放性问题：开放性问题是阅读表达中主观性最强的试题，要求考生结合个人的观点、经验来回答相关问题。7、其他类型：该题是结合文章的不同题材和体裁给出的除以上6种类型以外的类型的题。比如设计图表题，推理判断题等。四、考生在备考训练中应注意的问题1、养成良好的阅读习惯，掌握一定的阅读技巧。例如，要善于概括文章或者其中某一个段落和层次的主旨大意、作者的写作目的，要善于分析或把握篇章的结构、推测作者的语气、态度

7、和观点，捕捉文章的 具体信息，理解特定环境中语言的意义。2、因为过去的传统阅读试题是选择题，由名题者提供选项，应试者只是被动地去选择，因此同学们容易在思想上形成一定的依赖性。而阅读表达题要求应试者给出答案，或者是发表自己的看法。所以同学们在平时学习中要养成主动思维的习惯，如就文章的内容或作者的观点进行讨论或评价，对文章故事的情节或作者的思路进行预测、对作者的语气进行揣摩等等。3、在回答问题之前要认真审题，判断问题的类型，弄清题目的要求；回答要有针对性，避免答非所问；同时还要注意问题后的字数要求，回答要简洁，语言要准确、达意，蠲免要整洁。4、解答阅读题的关键是弄清楚其考查的目的、问题的类型和掌握

8、一定的答题技巧，并在老师的指导下进行一定量的 针对性训练；尤其要注意的是平时一定要注意英语书面表达能力的提高以及书写的训练。五、下面通过2007山东卷的阅读表达实例对各种类型问题的答题技巧一一说明。 An American friend of mine who was high up in a big corporation had worked out a way of handling a flood of e-mails before most of us had even heard of the concept. If any information he was sent was

9、vital enough, his lack of response would ensure the sender rang him up, if the sender wasnt important enough to have his private number, the communication couldnt be that important, my friend is now even more senior in the same company so the strategy must work. Almost every week now there seems to

10、be a report suggesting that we are all being driven crazy by the bother of e-mail. If this is the case, its only because we havent developed an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it. _. Firstly, you junk nothing with an exclamation mark or a string of capital letters, or from any address you

11、 dont recognize or feel confident about. Secondly, e-mails dont all have to be answered. Because e-mailing is so easy, theres a tendency forcorrespondence to carry on for ever, but it is permissible to stop an endless discussion or to accept a point of information sent by a colleague without acknowl

12、edging it.Thirdly, a reply e-mail doesnt have to be the same length as the original. We all have e-mail pals who send long,chatty e-mail, which are nice to receive, but who then expect an equally long reply. The charm of e-mail can consist in the simple, incomplete sentence, totally regardless of th

13、e format of the letter sent by post. You are perfectly within the bounds of politeness in responding to a marathon e-mail with a better reply. 76Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? The possible existence of annoyance results from our inability to sort out e-

14、mails _77Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence.(within 10 words ) _78What advice is given in the last paragraph? (within 10 words) _79For what purpose does the author mention his American friend in Paragraph 1 ?(within 10 words) _80Translate the underlined sentence in the last para

15、graph into Chinese. _答案与解析：76. 答案：If this is the case, its only because we havent developed an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it.解析：该题为同意句替换题，细读所给句子，不难得出其意义“这些令人恼火的情况之所以存在，是因为我们没有对电子邮件进行分类的能力”。然后对照原文，就很容易找到其同意句了。77. 答案：E-mail(s) can be handled in the following ways. / Here are the ways t

16、o deal with e-mail(s). / handling e-mail(s) is an art. 解析：该题为填空题。做该类题目首先要根据上下文搞清楚所填内容是句子还是短语或单词。从该题要求来看我们可以知道此处要填入合适的句子。联系上下文可知，下文所列三条都是处理电子邮件的方法，那就不难知道，此处所填句子内容应该是一个概括性较强的topic sentence，这样我们就不难知道该填什么内容了。78. 答案：You may reply to a long e-mail briefly./ You dont have to write a long reply e-mail. 解析：该

17、题为封闭性问题，要求答出最后一段所给的建议。做这种类型的题目时，首先要读懂该段要告诉读者的是什么信息，然后根据要求进行总结，因为有字数限制，所以答题时要特别注意如何用词和如何组织语言。从最后一段的第一句我们就可以知道这条建议是告诉读者“在回复e-mail时，不必和对方来信的长度一样”。其实这句话就是该问题的答案，但是由于有字数限定，我们就必须改变一下说法，使答案的字数控制在10个单词以内，这样就可以避免学生照抄原文，从而达到考察学生灵活运用语言能力的目的。79. 答案：To show a way of handling e-mail(s) with an example. / To intro

18、duce the topic of the text. 解析：该题属于其他类型的题目，要求考生写出作者在第一段中提到他美国朋友的写作意图。纵观全文不难知道，该短文的主旨是向读者介绍处理电子邮件的方法。而作者在第一段引用他美国朋友处理邮件的方法做为例子，目的正是为了揭示文章主题。80. 答案：用简短的话回复冗长的邮件完全不失礼节。/ 用简短的话回复马拉松式的电子邮件也是礼貌的。解析：该题为句子翻译题。做该题时应先分析句子成分，搞清每个意群的含义，然后结合上下文以及文章的中心思想，调整成符合汉语表达习惯的通顺的汉语句子。翻译该句，关键是搞清处两个短语的含义，一个是within the bound

19、of (在范围内), 另一个是in responding to (作答，回复)。阅读表达练习集锦（一）Everyone has got two personalities(性格)- the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You dont show your secret personality when youre a-wake because you can control your behaviour, but when youre asleep, your sleeping po

20、sition shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, people frequently change their position. The important position is the one that you go to sleep in. If you go to sleep on your back, youre a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You

21、 dont like to upset people, so you never express your real feelings. Youre quite shy and you arent very confident. Oil you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. You worry a lot and youre always easily upset. Youre very stubborn, but you arent very ambitious. You usually live for

22、today not for tomorrow. This means that you enjoy having a good time.If you sleep on curling(蜷缩)up, you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and so youre often defensive. Youre shy and you dont normally like meeting people. You prefer to_.If you sleep on your side,

23、you have usually got a well-balanced personality. You know your strengths and weakness. Youre usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel anxious, but you dont often get depressed. You always say what you think even if it annoys people.76. What is the best title of the pass

24、age? (Please answer within 10 words. ) _77. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?You always stick to your own opinion, but you dont have far-reaching goals. _78. Please fill in the blank with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 wor

25、ds.) _79. Which of the positions do you think is true to you? How can you improve the weakness of your personalities? (Please answer within 30 words.) _ _80. Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese. _参考答案:76Sleeping positions and personalities解析: 从第一段your sleeping posit

26、ion shows the real you一句以及后文的分析可以判断,一个人的睡觉姿势与性格有关系.77Youre very stubborn, but you arent very ambitious解析: 要答对该题,你要抓住两个点,一是stick to your own opinion, 再就是have far-reaching goals,只要搞清楚这两个点的含义,就不难得出问题答案了. 78be on your ownstay alone解析: 根据上文Youre shy and you dont normally like meeting people.一句很容易能够判断出下文应

27、该是You prefer to be on your self / stay alone.79(该题为开放性问题,要求学生根据自己的情况作答,一般没有标准答案,只要考生能够自己属于哪种睡姿,并且能够根据这种睡姿所显示的缺点提出相应的正确改正的意见即可)80当你醒着时，你不会表露出你隐藏的性格，因为你能控制自己的行为；但是当你睡着时，你的睡姿会显露出真正的你。(二)Every year, whenever Spring Festival arrives, a lot of Chinese people cannot wait to go home. They queue for long hou

28、rs in front of the ticket offices in railway stations, or do whatever they can in order to get a ticket. They tolerate the long journey on the train only to want to _ with their near and dear ones. According to The Beijing Youth Daily, most Chinese celebrate the Spring Festival not only because they

29、 want to follow tradition, there are also some practical reasons to explain Chinese peoples fever for the holiday. Compared with ones workplace, home provides a more humane environment for one to relax oneself. Society may do with or without you, but at home, you become unique and indispensable. You

30、 may be the father or mother, daughter or son, grandfather or grandmother in the family and the family will be incomplete if anyone is absent, because every member in the family is bound together, and everyone in the family is pleased with the feeling that he or she is unique and irreplaceable. In a

31、ddition, family provides an ideal environment for one to fully relax oneself. At home, one can take ones time do whatever he or she wants, and one can spend money whenever one likes. In society, however, one needs to do everything fast and with high efficiency, because society always requires effici

32、ency and maximum profits. Such company principles make people merely a tool in modern society. Chinese peoples strong desire for Spring Festival shows that they feel oppressed and have a sense of predicament(困境) of existence in modern society. The Spring Festival provides a chance for them to escape

33、 from such anxiety and treasure the long-lost tradition of community spirit. With the Spring Festival, people can find back the warm, family atmosphere often seen in days gone by.1. Whats the passage mainly talking about? (Please answer within 10 words.)_2. Fill in the blanks with proper words or ph

34、rases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words. )_3. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? You may not be a necessary part in society, but in your family, you are very important and no one else can take the place of you._4. Do you think home is important

35、 for Chinese to celebrate the Spring Festival? Why or why not? (Please answer within 30 words.)_5. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese._ 参考答案：1. Why Spring Festival is so important to Chinese people./Why so many Chinese go home during Spring Festival / Why Chinese ge

36、t together for Spring Festival2. have a family reunion / have a get-together / have a wonderful time / get together / gather3. Society may do with or without you, but at home, you become unique and indispensable.4. Yes. For a Chinese, family provides an ideal environment to fully relax oneself and t

37、he family gives you the feeling of being unique and irreplaceable.5. 在春节，人们可以找回往日岁月常见的那种温馨和谐的家庭气氛。（三）Electronic devices（装置）are changing the way people listen to music. But studies show the devices may be causing hearing loss in many people. Some experts say people may be playing them too loud and fo

38、r too long. And experts say sound levels on these devices need to be set lower.Researchers did a study with three hundred high school students and one thousand adults. They were asked about their use of portable music devices. Forty percent of students and adults said they set the sound levels at hi

39、gh on their players. But students were two times more likely to play the music at a very loud volume（音量）.More than half of the students said they would probably not limit their listening time.The study found that more than half of the students and less than forty percent of the adults had at least o

40、ne kind of hearing loss. Some reported difficulty hearing parts of a discussion between two people. Others said they had to raise volume controls on a television or radio to hear it better. And, some experienced ringing in their ears or other noises.Hearing experts say part of the problem is the lis

41、tening equipment people are using. They say large earphones that cover the whole ear are probably safer than the smaller earbuds（耳塞）that come with most music players. Hearing loss may not be obvious for years, however, once it happens, there is few chance of curing. About thirty million Americans ha

42、ve some hearing loss. One third of them lost their hearing as a result of loud noises.The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association is working with companies and government officials on setting rules for use of portable music devices. The group says the best way to protect your hearing is to ,limit listening time and use earphones that block out foreign noises.1What is the best title of the passage?（Please answer within 10 words.）