外研版初一(下)英语重点语法汇总(DOC 14页).doc

1、初一（下）重点语法汇总Unit1重点语法代词包括人称代词、物主代词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词、反身代词、it用法。其中人称代词的用法是重中之重，它包括主格和宾格，人称代词主格在句子充当主语；人称代词的宾格在句中充当动词、介词的宾语或表语。 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 主格 I we you you he she they 宾格 me us you you him her them如：-Who is that boy?-He is Tom.物主代词的用法(表示所属关系，包括形容词性物主代词的用法和名词性物主代词的用法)：1.形容词性物主代词在句子中作定语修饰名词，不单独使用。2.名词性物主

2、代词常用来代替前面已提及的名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。3.名词性物主代词可用在of后面作宾语，相当于“of+名词所有格”，表示带有部分概念或者有一定的感情色彩。物主代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称形容词性物主代词 myouryouryourher his itstheir名词性物主代词 mineoursyoursyourshers his itstheirs如：-Whose bag is that? -It is mine.Unit2重点语法情态动词的特征：(1)有一定的词义但不能单独作谓语，必须和行为动词或系动词连用，构成谓语。(2)无人称和数的变化（have to例外，其第三

3、人称单数形式为has to）。如：We must stay here.(3) 后接动词原形，即不带to的不定式。如|：He may lose her way.(4)具有助动词的作用，可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语。如：-Can you sing an English song?-Yes,I can.情态动词can 的用法：情态动词can 后面跟动词原形。它可以表示能力，译为“能，会”；可以表示怀疑、推测，译为“可能”；表示请求、允许，译为“可以”。本单元主语集中讲述can 的肯定、否定和疑问形式。1. 表示能力，译为“能，会”。如：Can you play basketball?2.

4、表示怀疑、推测，译为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。如：Lucy cant be in the room.3. 表示请求、允许，译为“可以”，相当于may。如：You can go now.含有情态动词can 的肯定句变否定句时，直接在它后面加not；肯定句变一般疑问句时，把can提前即可。见下表：肯定句主语+can+动词原形。否定句主语+cannotcant +动词原形。一般疑问句Can+主语+动词原形。？肯定回答Yes,主语+can.否定回答No,主语+cant.如：My sister can sing.My sister cant sing.-Can your sister sing?

5、-Yes ,she can.-No ,she cant.Unit3重点语法一般将来时：be gong to +动词原形一、“be gong to +动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事，表示已决定的、很可能发生的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。如：What are you going to do next week?下周日你打算干什么？Look at the dark clouds.There is gong to be a storm.看那乌云，暴风雨就要来临了。注意：在下面几种情况下只可用shallwill 表示将来，而不可用be going to 结构。（1） 表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表

6、示客气地邀请或命令时。如：Will you please lend me your bike?请你把自行车借给我用一下好吗？（2） 表示意愿时。如：Ill check this letter for you,if you want.你要愿意，我会给你查查这封信的。（3） 表示单纯的将来，与人的主管愿望和判断无关时。如：The sun will rise at half past six tomorrow morning.明天早上太阳将在6：30升起。二、be going to 在句中一般用在其他动词之前。be 包括amisare。根据be 的句法要求，可以推断出be going to do s

7、th 的否定形式和疑问形式， 见下表： 肯定 否定 一般疑问 回答Im going to visit Beijing.Im not going to visit Beijing.Are you going to visit Beijing?Yes, I am.No,Im not.You are going to the park tomorrow.You are not going to the park tomorrow.Are you going to the park tomorrow?Yes,you are.No,Im not.HeShe is going to buy some cl

8、othes.HeShe is not going to buy some clothes.Is heshe going to buy some clothes?Yes,heshe is.No,heshe isnt.It is going to rain.It is not going to rain.Is it going to rain?Yes,it is.No,it isnt.We are going to have a picnic.We are not going to have a picnic.Are we going to have a picnic?Yes,we are.No,

9、we arent.They are going to have a party.They are not going to have a party.Are they going to have a party?Yes,they are.No,they arent.其特殊疑问句形式是由特殊疑问词+一般疑问句构成。如：-What are they going to do this evening?-They are going to see a film.-Where is he going to have his birthday party?-At home.Unit4重点语法一般将来时：w

10、ill+do表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，其结构是will+动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow,next.,in a few days,in+一段时间，in+将来的年份等。如：Will you be back in two days?你将在两天之后回来吗？They will leave for Shanghai next week.他们下周将去上海。当主语是I或we时，疑问句中一般使用shall,表示征求对方意见。如？Where shall we meet tomorrow?明天我们在哪里见面？will表示的是一般将来时，本身没有人称和数的变化。下面将will的句式总结

11、如下： 肯定 否定 一般疑问 回答I will have many books.I will not (wont)have many books.Will I have many books?Yes,I will.No,I wont.You will write a book.You will not (wont) write a book.Will you write a book?Yes,you will.No,you wont.HeShe will fly kites.HeShe will not (wont) fly kites.Will heshe fly kites?Yes,hes

12、he will.No,heshe wont.It will happen.It will not (wont) happen.Will it happen?Yes,it will.No,it wont.We will win.We will not (wont) win.Will we win?Yes,we will.No,we wont.They will clean the room.They will not (wont)clean the room.Will they clean the room?Yes,they will.No,they wont.There will be a p

13、arty.There will not (wont) be a party.Will there be a party?Yes,there will.No,there wont.即：肯定句是：主语+will +动词原形否定句是：主语+will not (wont)+动词原形一般疑问句是：Will +主语+动词原形？Unit5重点语法特殊疑问句的用法疑问句主要包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。单词 意思 用法 when什么时间问时间who谁问人whose谁的问主人where在哪里问地点which哪一个问选择why为什么问原因what什么问东西what time什么时间问时间wh

14、at color什么颜色问颜色what about怎么样问意见what day星期几问星期what date什么日期问具体日期what for为何目的问目的how怎么样问情况how old多大问年龄how many多少问数量how much多少问价钱how about怎么样问意见how far多远问路程What can I do for you?我能为你做什么？What color does he like?他喜欢什么颜色？How much are they?他们多少钱？Unit6重点语法常用介词的基本用法一、 表示时间的常用介词1. at多用于具体钟点前，如：at seven, at ten

15、 to nine；也可用于固定搭配中，如：at noon,at night。2. In表示一段时间，用于年、月、季节、或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚上等前。如：in the morning,in summer,in 2016；还可用于表示“从现在起，多长时间以后或多久之后”的短语中。3. On主语用在星期几、具体某一天的早、中、晚或节日前。如：on June 1st, on Monday。4. after表示以过去为起点的某一段时间之后，用于过去时。如：They finished the work after two years.after 还可与时间点连用表示将来某个时间之后。如：Ill ri

16、ng you up after two oclock.5. until与否定词连用，译为“直到。才”，其前的谓语动词多用瞬间性动词；until用在肯定句中，译为“直到。为止”，其前的谓语动词需用延续性动词。如：I didnt leave until my mother came home.6. before和after表示时间，分别译为“在。之前”和“在。之后”。如：Please bring your homework before ten oclock.二、 表示地点的介词1.表示方位的in, on,toin表示在某一地区之内；to表示在某一地区之外；on表示与某地的毗邻关系。如：China

17、 is to the west of Japan.2. over,above,on的用法over有“正上方”“越过”“覆盖在上面”之意。above指在上方，不一定表示正上方。on指在上面，表示两物体接触。3. at,in,on的用法at与较小的地点连用。如：at homein与较大的地点连用。如：in the worldon表示在一个平面上。如：on the farm4. in front of ,in the front of,beforein front of 表示“在。的前部”（范围外）。如：There are some trees in front of the classroom.i

18、n the front of 表示“在。的前部”（范围内）。如：He stood in the front of the classroom.before所表示的位置关系和in front of 相同，表示“在。前面”。如：He sits before me.5. across,throughacross和through都表示“穿过”。across着重指从一条直线或一物体表面的一边到另一边，表示游渡、乘船过海或过河时用across;through含有“从。中间穿过”之意。如：He can swim across the river.She had to push her way through

19、 the crowed to get to her son.6. on the leftright在左边右边next to与。紧挨着opposite在。的对面on the corner 在拐角处between.and.在。和。之间三、 问路与指路常见的相关表达方式有很多，例如：Where is .?How can I get/go to .?Can you tell me the way to.?Can you show me the way to.?Is there a .near here?Take the busunderground.Go along .and turn leftrig

20、htGo across.on the leftright.opposite.如：-Excuse me ,can you tell me the way to Wangfujing Dajie?-Certainly.Go across Dong Changan Jie,go along the street and turn left at the third street on the left.Unit7重点语法一般过去时表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态、过去的特征、过去的行为等。和一般过去时连用的时间状语有：last.yesterday.agoin the pastthe other

21、 dayat that timejust nowin 1990等。如：I was born in 2000.He went to the museum yesterday.We climbed the mountain last week.be动词在一般过去时中的变化： am 和is在一般过去时中变为was;are在一般过去时中变为were。 带有was或were的句子，其肯定、否定、疑问和回答方式的变化如下： 肯定 否定 一般疑问句 回答I was born in China.I was not (wasnt)born in ChinaWas I born in China?Yes,I wa

22、s.No,I wasnt.You were busy last week.You were not(werent)busy last week.Were you busy last week?Yes,you were.No,you werent.HeShe was born in 1990.HeShe was not born in 1990.Was heshe born in 1990?Yes,heshe was.No,heshe wasnt.It was a small school years ago.It was not(wasnt) a small school years ago.

23、Was it a small school years ago?Yes,it was.No,it wasnt.We were good friends then.We were not(werent)good friends then.Were we good friends then?Yes,we were.No,we werent.They were in the city in 2000.They were not(werent)in the city in 2000.Were they in the city in 2000?Yes,they were.No,they werent.U

24、nit8重点语法一般过去时表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态、过去的特征、过去的行为等。和一般过去时连用的时间状语有：last.yesterday.agoin the pastthe other dayat that timejust nowin 1990等。如：I was born in 2000.He went to the museum yesterday.We climbed the mountain last week.规则动词过去式的变化规则 变化规则 原形 过去式一般动词词尾加-edwalk lookwalked looked以“元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾”的重读闭音节动词，

25、双写辅音字母再加-edstop stepstopped stepped以“辅音字母+y结尾”的动词， y变为i,再加-edhurry marryhurried married一般过去时的肯定、否定、疑问和回答方式的变化如下： 肯定 否定 一般疑问句 回答I started school at five.I didnt (didnt)start school at five.Did I start school at five?Yes, I did.No, I didnt.You took a walk this morning.You didnt (didnt) take a walk thi

26、s morning.Did you take a walk this morning?Yes, you did.No, you didnt.HeShe moved to London.HeShe didnt (didnt) move to London.Did heshe move to London?Yes, heshe did.No, heshe didnt.It rained heavily.It didnt (didnt)rain heavily.Did it rain heavily?Yes, it did.No, it didnt.We played football yester

27、day.We didnt (didnt) play football yesterday.Did we play football yesterday?Yes, we did .No, we didnt.They played basketball last week.They didnt (didnt) play basketball last week.Did they play basketball last week?Yes, they did.No, they didnt.Unit9重点语法在前两个模块中我们主要学习了一般过去时的判定，be动词的用法和规则动词过去式的变化规则，本讲主

28、要学习不规则动词的一般过去时用法。不规则动词过去式构成方式独特，因此需要特殊记忆。以下列举一些常用的不规则动词及其过去式。be-waswere leave-leftbuy-boughtmeet-metcome-came read-readdo-didsee-sawget-gotspend-spentgo-wentswim-swamhave-hadwrite-wrotetake-tooksend-sentbring-broughtput-put除了过去式的变化规则不同以外，不规则动词在肯定句、否定句、疑问句等各种句型中的使用与规则动词相同。下面我们以spend,come,go,take,see,

29、swim为例具体说明： 肯定 否定 一般疑问句 回答I spent two days here.I didnt (didnt)spend two days here.Did you spend two days here?Yes,I did.No,I didnt.You came here yesterday.You didnt (didnt) come here yesterday.Did you come here yesterday?Yes,you did.No,you didnt.HeShe went to work by bus.HeShe didnt (didnt) go to w

30、ork by bus.Did heshe go to work by bus?Yes,heshe did.No,heshe didnt.It took two hours to go there.It didnt (didnt)take two hours to go there.Did it take two hours to go there?Yes,it did.No,it didnt.We saw the famous film star.We didnt (didnt) see the famous film star.Did we see the famous film star?

31、Yes,we did .No,we didnt.They swam in the sea.They didnt (didnt) swim in the sea.Did they swim in the sea?Yes,they did.No,they didnt.Unit10重点语法在前两个模块中我们主要学习了一般过去时的判定，一般过去时的肯定、否定、一般疑问句及其回答。本单元主要学习一般过去特殊疑问句的用法。我们看下面的例句：-When did he die?-He died in 1900.-How long did the rain last?-It lasted four hours.

32、-Why did he come back late?-Because he wanted to finished the work.综上，我们发现一般过去时的特殊疑问句的用法与一般现在时的特殊疑问句在结构上没有太大的差异，只是使用的助动词不同而已。Unit11重点语法祈使句用来表达叮嘱、劝告、希望、禁止、请求或命令等。祈使句的特点：1. 祈使句一般没有主语，说话的对象都是第二人称“你”或“你们”，所以也可以理解为省略了主语you。2. 以动词原形开头，无时态和数的变化。3. 祈使句的否定形式是在动词原形前加dont。有时可用never。4. 在表达请求时，可以加上please；表达比较强烈的

33、语气时，可以用感叹号。5. 有时为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加上do，表示“务必，一定”。例如：Come in!Be quiet!Dont worry.Sit down,please!Do look out!Unit12重点语法感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子，可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情色彩。感叹句可以是一个单词、一个不定式短语、一个由短语构成的独立句，也可以是由whathow引导的句子，句末常用“！”。1. what引导的感叹句（1） What+aan+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！What a beautiful girl she is！（2） What+形容词+可数名词

34、的复数形式+主语+谓语！What important jobs they have done!（3） What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！What sweet water it is!2. how引导的感叹句（1） How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！How interesting the dog is!（2） How+形容词+aan+可数名词单数形式+主语+谓语！How useful a subject it is!（3） How+主语+谓语！How time flies!3. 一些特殊形式的感叹句（1） 在陈述句、祈使句或疑问句句尾加感叹号变为感叹句，表示某种强烈的感情。He runs

35、 so fast!（2） 用一个词或词组表达强烈感情的句子也是感叹句Wonderful!（3） 以there,here等副词开头的感叹句。There he is!选择疑问句提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句中的两种或两种以上的情况用or连接，回答时不能使用yes或no,而要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式。读选择疑问句时，语调一般是前升后降。选择疑问句可以分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句两种。（1） 一般选择疑问句：一般疑问句+or+被选择部分？-Do you like apples or bananas?-I like apples.（2） 特殊选择疑问句：特殊疑问句，+A or B？-Which would you like better,tea or coffee?-Coffee better.