自考英语二串讲笔记(DOC 17页).doc

1、 UNIT 1 重点单词和短语 objective accomplish predict accompany attain scheme skilled argue define interview prospect course of action in the way(by the way, in no way, in a way) make a guess at contribute to and the like (and so on) seek to do sth. in part point of view vary fromto apply for (to) have no id

2、ea bring about take the trouble to do put oneself in ones place to ones advantage at a disadvantage ask for in hand turn down (up, on, off, out, over, back) 重点、难点句子详解 1.A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. 解析：courses of action意思是行动方案、做事步骤；made是过去分词

3、；from among为二重介词 例：Well inform you as soon as tickets become _. (06-4) A. valuable B. capable C. acceptable D. available (D) 2. some suggest that the management process is decision making. 解析：suggest表示认为、提出、暗示意思，后面不用虚拟语气，表示建议意思，后面用虚拟语气。 例：It is suggested that the meeting (should) be held (hold)at so

4、me other time. 3. decision making includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them. 解析：as well as意思是既又 4. In fact, I did have several questions, but you have already answered them all. 解析：助动词do在肯定句中用在动词之前表示强调，意思是确实。 5. but do not let it worry you too much. 解析：动词let, make, have, hear, see,

5、observe等词之后的宾语补足语为省略to 的不定式结构。 6. There is little likelihood that 对比：There is a/ every/no likelihood that/of 例：The two sisters are _ in many ways, not only in appearance but also in temperament.(06-4) A. like B. likely C. alike D. lively (C) UNIT2 重点单词和短语 exert collapse shrink basis launch convince

6、operate revolve glitter unlikely (be likely to) whereas concerned (be concerned about) plateau in theory apply to depend on research into swallow up make use of together with in every respect in other words consist of a great many under the circumstances make a difference above all as a rule seek to

7、 do sth. in part point of view vary fromto 例：I hope my boyfriend will be handsome, strong and _ kind. (06-4) A. above all B. in all C. at all D. after all (A) 重点、难点句子详解 1. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable 例：爱因斯坦声称物质和能量是可以相互转化的，因此没有绝对的时间和空间。(05-4-68) 2. It is only recently

8、that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. 例1：It is on Friday _ we will hold the meeting. A. that B. when C. in that time D. what (A) 例2: As a painter, Ted was very _ about the colors he used. (03-10) A. specific B. special C. peculiar D. particular (D) 3. The earth is one of mi

9、ne planets which move in orbit round the sun. 对比：The earth is the only one of the nine planets which has life on it. 4. The total water area is about three times as large as the land area. 解析：数词+times + as +形容词+as是表示倍数的表达法。 例：It is important to note that a reading of 4 indicates an earthquake ten ti

10、mes as strong as one with a reading of 3. (unit 6 text B) 5. The more we learn about other people, the better we understand their ideas, and, as a rule, the better we like those people themselves. 解析：the+比较级，the+比较级结构，意思是越越，第一个从句中谓语动词不用倒装，第二个从句谓语动词可以用倒装，也可以用正装语气。 例：_ we are, _ we become. A. the olde

11、st; the wiser B. older; wiser C. the older, the more wise D. the older; the wiser (D) UNIT 3 重点单词和短语 deteriorate debate (on/upon) request ensure oppose(be opposed to) burden sensitive privilege appoint bias accessible recruit be affected with carry out in addition to in this case open up care for ta

12、ke into account have at heart be sensitive to opt out of for short amount to on (the) average compete with blame sb. for sth. by nature when it comes to be related to be worth doing 重点、难点句子详解 1. It is very easy in society now for the elderly, the disabled and the dependent to feel that they are burd

13、ens. 例：It is important _ there in time. A. for you to get B. to you to get C. your getting D. of you getting (A) 2. And it may be worth remembering that 解析：be worth意思是值得，后面接名词、代词以及主动形式的动名词。 3. Many people, though, are totally against the practice of euthanasia. 解析：Though是一个起连结性作用的副词，意思相当于however, bu

14、t. 4. “Well, its not as if Im planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun.” 解析：As if 引出的从句，谓语动词根据实际情况选择用虚拟语气形式还是一般陈述语气。 例：It seems as if it were spring now. 使用虚拟语气 UNIT 4 重点单词和短语 domestic exploit campaign execute convict incidence deserve despite deport minimum maintenance guilt immigran

15、t weed deny degrade inhumane civil liberty disaffection argument circus bring over watch over in unison call up pay back up to a great deal of be supposed to convict of feel like protect from risk doing sth. deal with according to be deserving of threaten to do sth. agree to do sth. distinguish from

16、 react to clean up 重点、难点句子详解 1. And they can have their passports removed, making leaving or “escaping” virtually impossible. 解析：making是分词短语，表示结果，impossible做宾补。removed是过去分词作宾补，表示有完成和被动的含义。 2. It is, they say, the right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery. 解析：they say是插入语，

17、本句是一个强调句式，which可以改成that,句子会更正式。 3. Six out of every ten prisoners in chains are black, which is why the chain gangs call up images of slavery in centuries gone by. 解析：数字+out of every+数字，意思是每个中就有个；which引导非限定性的定语从句修饰前面整个句子;gone by是分词短语修饰centuries表示已经完成。 4. What they will do is make prisoners more angr

18、y, more hostile 解析：what引导的主语从句中带有实义动词do,表语不定式可以带to,也可以省略to. UNIT 5 重点单词和短语 folk transformation distinct sentiment originate spontaneous synthesis readily amplifier electronics studio penetrating thereby participate multimedia live inspire invariably improvise constructive creative preliminary painst

19、aking conception temper mold diversified conventional harmony evident take over take on take up take over take place build out of in existence in a sense at a stretch serve as in advance for the sake of be born in fashion begin with it goes without saying that 重点、难点句子详解 1. What happened, as well as

20、it can be put into words, was this. 解析：第一个as 是副词，第二个as 是连词，well是副词修饰put,注意区别as well as; 例: Those stories, as well as this boring one, have been told almost hundreds of times. 2. Electronics did, in fact, make possible sounds that no instrument up to that time could produce. 解析：make是谓语动词，sounds that

21、no instrument up to that time could produce是宾语，possible是宾补前置了，英语中有时为了句子结构的平衡，可对句子结构进行调整。 3. It is difficult to summarize the composing methods of so diversified a group. 解析：so/too+形容词+a/an +名词以及such+a/an+形容词+名词是固定搭配，例如：He was not so big a fool as he looked. 4. The creative act with Palestrina is not

22、 thematic conception so much as the personal treatment of well-established pattern. 解析：not so much as 意思是与其说不如说，不像那么 UNIT 6 重点单词和短语 efficiency appliance specific shade prevalent increasingly switch defective spray personnel completion assemble cast reduction critical intensify warning precede specul

23、ate partial reliability forecast decay subside analyze shift expose sth./sb. to to a degree convert to/into preventfrom in between be responsible for in question differ from work on in that plenty of be capable of too to be on the alert set up associate with be involved in 重点、难点句子详解 1. Thus, people

24、who need to exert much energy in their work will find relaxation most desirable in leisure. 解析：exert oneself to do sth.意思是努力做某事；find+宾语+补语（adj, -ing, -ed, 不定式，介词短语）。 2. Hence, it can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts are 解析：It can be argued that是以it作形

25、式主语的被动语态结构，类似的还有：It is said that, It is believed that, It is reported that, It is thought that; with whom 是介词+关系代词的限定性定语从句，修饰people. Come into contact with与接触 3.It is not how much time you allocate for study that counts but how much you learn when you do study. 解析：这是一个强调句式，被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、状语以及从句，可用th

26、at,which,who 引导。 4.This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to date on your class assignments and projects. 解析：keep +宾语+adj.意思是使保持某种状态；up to date意思是最新的，切合目前情况的。 UNIT 8 重点单词和短语 internal external overcome destination reset neutral feasible proceeding alarm promote interact fa

27、de duration moderate distraction exceptional remedy productivity appreciate mislead typical effect on blame sth. on sb.= blame sb. for sth. as fresh as paint now that leave alone out of step in time a short cut come across due to attend to fall apart be true of lack of at hand at once play a role in

28、 be faced with account for to date= so far = up to now 重点、难点句子详解 1. Confused? So was John Foster Dulles, the American Secretary of State. 解析：confused是are you confused?的省略句；当以So开头表示与前边情况类似的句子时，要用倒装语序。例如：My brother can speak French, so can my sister. 2. It is not feasible to wait four days until the b

29、ody is used to the new time zone. 解析：it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式结构，until 与not 连用，翻译为直到才，例如：Dont open the door until the train stops. 3. There is evidence , of course, that motivation plays an important role in overcoming the effects of distractors and that there are considerable differences in 解析：两个that引导的同位语

30、从句，说明evidence; UNIT 9 重点单词和短语 dependency upwards liability revision lengthen alter proportion appreciation acknowledge neglect esteem handle appropriate withdraw worthless approximate to be classified as rather than in ones thirties in terms of take advantage of cope with no other than look down on

31、view as exchange for 例：It would be better to make a decision now, _ leave it until next week. (06-4) A. other than B. rather than C. less than D. more than B 重点、难点句子详解 1. because lots of dependent babies are more of a liability than numbers of the inactive aged. 解析：be+of+名词,表示具有与该名词同源的形容词的性质。例: The

32、girl is of beauty.= The girl is beautiful. A number of = numbers of表示一些、若干，谓语动词用复数the number of表示的数目，谓语动词用单数。 2. There is often resistance to the idea that it is because the birthrate fell earlier in Western and Northwestern Europe than elsewhere, rather than because of any change in the death rate,

33、 that we have grown so old. 解析：the idea后的that 引导同位语从句，同位语从句部分是一个it is that 结构的强调句型，强调部分是原因状语从句；rather than意思是“而不是”。 3. Children need help understanding that their self-esteem and the self-esteem of those they interact with have a direct effect on each other. 解析：that引导的宾语从句，包含一个省略that的定语从句，they inter

34、act with修饰those; have an effect on/upon 对有影响。 UNIT10 重点单词和短语 strategy representative democratic nominee certainty decline congress loyalty provision election stir pursue dominate competitor opposition nominate collectively automatically contest assault stand no chance of identifyas impact on eithero

35、r draw away from focus on lose sth. to sb. in number break up in the running in /out of power in favor of come into power carry on a number of as a consequence of as a result of break down 重点、难点句子详解 1. Although presidential elections occur every 4 years. 解析：occur意思是发生，occur to 被想起，例如：An idea has occ

36、urred to me. 2. In deciding whether to pursue a course of action, they try to estimate its likely impact on the voters. 解析：course of action 意思是行动方案； 3. The advantage of the second party over the third is so great that it is the only party that is likely to be able to overturn the party in power. 解析：

37、have an advantage over 优于；so that 如此以至于引导结果状语从句，that 引导的状语从句中，包含一个that引导的定语从句。 4. Usually the small parties collectively poll less than 5 per cent of the vote cast in national election. 解析：cast是过去分词。 UNIT 11 重点单词和短语 disorder irrelevant misleading simulate replace undergo negative remark relief depri

38、ve prevail delightful literal nevertheless touching contented imperative devotion refine do research into aim for takefor granted feel bitter at sacrifice to be central to do experiment on be irrelevant to bring out goings and comings at ease plea for not(never) for a moment catch/seize hold of 例：你所

39、说的与我们正在讨论的毫不相干。（06-4） 重点、难点句子详解 1. The famous example of thalidomide is a case for more animal testing, not less. 解析：for意思是in favor of; support; case 案例、病例、实例 例：Doctors believe that bad nerves are the cause of sleeplessness in ninety-nine _ out of a hundred. A. examples B. events C. instances D. cas

40、es (D) 2. When it comes to research into heart disease and its effects on the body, or disease of the brain for example, we do not have adequate substitutes for the use of animals. 解析：when it comes to是一个固定句型，意思是当谈到的时候；substitute for意思是代替、替换，for 后面是被替换的对象；例如：Honey can substitute for sugar. 3. Many ot

41、her new techniques are now available that enable more research to be done in the test tube 解析：that 引导的是定语从句，修饰techniques; available 意思是可以应用、使用。 UNIT 12 重点单词和短语 symptom intellectual detail enhance initial confront sensitivity surrounding character modest miserable administration respectively voluntee

42、r identity primarily psychology undertake gamble be contrary to put off be confronted with draw on dream of at sea impress on in reality let go of gaze on be aware of in ones minds eye go over free from put aside=set aside be beneficial to add up to at ones best influence on in turn in general make a difference 例：1. With all this done, I have been freed (free) from all troubles and responsibilities. (05-4) 2. Although she is very busy, Mum _ some time every day to read to us. A. sets off B. sets for C.