学术英语-综合-Unit-1-课件.ppt

1、Academic English An Integrated CourseWhat is EAP?English for Academic Purposes/EAP内容：教材分为内容：教材分为学术英语学术英语综合、综合、人文、理工、社科等。我们的课程人文、理工、社科等。我们的课程分为读学科主题文章、听专业相关分为读学科主题文章、听专业相关讲座、练学术口语、写学科专业论讲座、练学术口语、写学科专业论文以及做学科相关研究等环节。文以及做学科相关研究等环节。目标：训练对信息的获取、分析、整目标：训练对信息的获取、分析、整合、利用能力；提高学生撰写学期论合、利用能力；提高学生撰写学期论文及学术论文的技

2、能；帮助学生过度文及学术论文的技能；帮助学生过度到专业双语课程及全英课程学习；全到专业双语课程及全英课程学习；全面培养学生的学业能力、思辨创新能面培养学生的学业能力、思辨创新能力和解决实际问题的学术研究能力。力和解决实际问题的学术研究能力。Unit 1EconomicsUnit ContentsUnit objectivesText AText BText CAcademic language and discourseListeningSpeakingWritingUnit 1EconomicsUnit Objectives1.Professional KnowledgeGet acquai

3、nted with some important economic concepts(e.g.the invisible hand,signaling theory,antitrust law,comparative advantage,etc.)2.ReadingSummarize the main ideas of a text and identify essential supporting pointsUnderstand difficult sentences(e.g.,sentences with abstract meaning or ambiguous reference)A

4、nalyze complex or controversial issues critically(e.g.monopoly,free market vs.government regulation,etc.)Unit 1EconomicsUnit Objectives3.ListeningMake predictions about the content of a lecture4.SpeakingAsk for information and clarification in a polite and effective wayLearn to do interviews and rep

5、ort the findings in an oral presentation5.WritingUnderstand what kind of topic is suitable and manageable for a term paperUnit 1EconomicsUnit Objectives6.ResearchingIndependently locate and study a variety of resources(articles,books,videos,etc.)to know more about the Microsoft case7.Academic langua

6、ge and discourseKnow what is specialized vocabulary and acquire some specialized vocabulary of economicsUnderstand the functions of parenthetical statementsComprehend stylistic differences between formal and informal English and acquire some formal expressionsUnit 1EconomicsText A Lead-inHow do you

7、celebrate Spring Festival?Write down your activities in the table in the textbook and analyze whose skill and labor are required to make these activities possible.Share your answers with your partner and discuss the following questions:1.Whats the power that leads people to work and cooperate?2.What

8、 do you understand about economic life from the table?Unit 1EconomicsCultural Points1.Contribute as much as possible what you know about the following:ThanksgivingAdam Smiththe invisible handUnit 1EconomicsText A Supplementary information1.ThanksgivingIt is an annual national holiday in the U.S.and

9、Canada.Americans celebrate Thanksgiving on the fourth Thursday of November,honoring the early Plymouth settlers and their harvest feast.They commonly trace the Thanksgiving holiday to a 1621 celebration at the Plymouth Plantation,where the Plymouth settlers held a harvest feast after a successful se

10、ason.Although prayers and thanks were probably offered at the 1621 harvest gathering,the first recorded religious Thanksgiving in Plymouth happened two years later in 1623.On this occasion,the colonists gave thanks to God for rain after a nearly catastrophic drought.Unit 1EconomicsText A Supplementa

11、ry information2.The invisible handThe invisible hand is a metaphor used by Adam Smith to describe the natural force that guides free market capitalism through competition for scarce resources.The general idea is that individuals pursuing self-interest end up doing what is best for society as if guid

12、ed by an invisible hand.For example,when the price of something increases due to higher demand or lower supply,more people will start producing it.This is done out of self-interest,but it also benefits society.As a whole it will make the goods available to more people as well as lowering the price a

13、gain.Unit 1EconomicsAdam Smith(16 June 1723 17 July 1790)was a Scottish moral philosopher,pioneer of political economy,and key Scottish Enlightenment figure.Smith is best known for two classic works:The Theory of Moral Sentiments(1759),and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Natio

14、ns(1776).The latter,usually abbreviated as The Wealth of Nations,is considered the first modern work of economics.Smith is cited as the father of modern economics and is still among the most influential thinkers in the field of economics today.Unit 1EconomicsText A Overview1.Summarize the main ideas

15、 of Text A.2.Do Task 1/Critical reading and thinking.Use the labor and skills behind the Thanksgiving weekend as examples to illustrate the concept of“the invisible hand”Echo the beginning,emphasizing we should be grateful to the miracle on this Thanksgiving Day and every dayGiving thanks for the in

16、visible hand1.GRATITUDE TO THE ALMIGHTY is the theme of Thanksgiving,and has been ever since the Pilgrims of Plymouth brought in their first good harvestToday,in millions of homes across the nation,God will be thanked for many gifts for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones,for health

17、 and good fortune in the year gone by,for peace at home in a time of war,for the incalculable privilege of having been born or having become American.2.But it probably wont occur to too many of us to give thanks for the fact that the local supermarket had plenty of turkey for sale this week.Even the

18、 devout arent likely to thank God for airline schedules that made it possible for some of those loved ones to fly home for Thanksgiving.Or for the arrival of Master and Commander at the local movie theater in time for the holiday weekend.Or for that great cranberry-apple pie recipe in the food secti

19、on of the newspaper.3.Those things we take more or less for granted.It hardly takes a miracle to explain why grocery stores stock up on turkey before Thanksgiving,or why Hollywood releases big movies in time for big holidays.Thats what they do.Where is God in that?4.And yet,isnt there something wond

20、rous something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers?5.To bring that turkey to the dining room table,for example,required the efforts of thousands of people the poultry farmers who raised the birds,of cours

21、e,but also the feed distributors who supplied their nourishment and the truckers who brought it to the farm,not to mention the architect who designed the hatchery,the workmen who built it,and the technicians who keep it running.The bird had to be slaughtered and defeathered and inspected and transpo

22、rted and unloaded and wrapped and priced and displayed.The people who accomplished those tasks were supported in turn by armies of other people accomplishing other tasks from refining the gasoline that fueled the trucks to manufacturing the plastic in which the meat was packaged.6.The activities of

23、countless far-flung men and women over the course of many months had to be intricately choreographed and precisely timed,so that when you showed up to buy a fresh Thanksgiving turkey,there would be one or more likely,a few dozen waiting.The level of coordination that was required to pull it off is m

24、ind-boggling.But what is even more mind-boggling is this:No one coordinated it.7.No turkey czar sat in a command post somewhere,consulting a master plan and issuing orders.No one rode herd on all those people,forcing them to cooperate for your benefit.And yet they did cooperate.When you arrived at t

25、he supermarket,your turkey was there.You didnt have to do anything but show up to buy it.If that isnt a miracle,what should we call it?8.Adam Smith called it the invisible hand the mysterious power that leads innumerable people,each working for his own gain,to promote ends that benefit many.Out of t

26、he seeming chaos of millions of uncoordinated private transactions emerges the spontaneous order of the market.Free human beings freely interact,and the result is an array of goods and services more immense than the human mind can comprehend.No dictator,no bureaucracy,no supercomputer plans it in a

27、d v a n c e.I n d e e d,t h e m o r e a n economy is planned,the more it is plagued by shortages,dislocation,and failure.9.The social order of freedom,like the wealth and the progress it makes possible,is an extraordinary gift from above.On this Thanksgiving Day and on every day,may we be grateful.(

28、Jeff Jacoby is a columnist for The Boston Globe).Unit 1EconomicsText A In-depth analysis2.Focus on some of the difficult sentences in Text A by doing Task 2/Critical reading and thinking.3.Have a group discussion about the questions in Task 3/Critical reading and thinkingUnit 1EconomicsText B Text A

29、nalysis1.What is case study?A case study is a descriptive or explanatory analysis of a person,group or unit.An explanatory case study(e.g.Case 1/Text B)is used to explore causation in order to find underlying principles.Unit 1EconomicsText B Text Analysis2.How do you understand the title“Gifts as si

30、gnals”?Signaling theory is useful for describing behavior when two parties have access to different information.Typically,the signal sender chooses whether and how to communicate certain information,while the receiver chooses how to interpret the signal.Signaling theory tackles a fundamental problem

31、 of communication and applies in various areas.Unit 1EconomicsBack in 1974,Nobel laureate Michael Spence introduced the notion of signaling in economic thinking.Spence developed the theory of signaling to show how better-informed individuals in the market communicate their information to the less-we

32、ll-informed to avoid the problems associated with adverse selection.Text B Text AnalysisUnit 1Economics3.Work in groups of 4-5 to discuss the questions in Task 1/Critical Reading and Thinking/Text B.4.Read Case 2 quickly and try to summarize the main idea of Case 2 on the basis of Task 2/Critical Re

33、ading and Thinking/Text B.Text B Text AnalysisUnit 1EconomicsText B Text AnalysisInternet browserWindows operating systemdeterentering the market and offering new productscars today include many built-in productsmonopolyreliableeasier to use80severely limitedchangingcompetitorslowUnit 1EconomicsText

34、 B ResearchingForm into teams to do the task in Researching/Text B.Within each team,there are:facilitator:Think about the whole group and manage the task Make sure everyone feels included and has a job to do before and during the discussion.Preside over the classroom discussion.recorder:Make notes o

35、f the group discussion.Work with the reporter,who will have to read from the notes.reporter:Summarize and present the results to the class.Speak on behalf of the group.Unit 1EconomicsText B Supplementary informationMicrosoft caseUnited States v.Microsoft Corporation is an antitrust law case.It was i

36、nitiated in 1998 by the United States Department of Justice(DOJ)and 20 states.In this case,Microsoft was accused of abusing monopoly power,and the central issue was whether Microsoft was allowed to bundle Internet Explorer with its operating system.Microsoft claimed that Microsoft Windows and Intern

37、et Explorer were inherently linked together and the merging of the two was the result of innovation.The case was ultimately settled by DOJ.Unit 1EconomicsText B Supplementary informationMicrosoft caseThe proposed settlement required Microsoft to share its application programming interfaces with thir

38、d-party companies and appoint a panel of three people who will have full access to Microsofts systems,records,and source code for five years in order to ensure compliance.20 However,the DOJ did not require Microsoft to change any of its code nor prevent Microsoft from tying other software with Windo

39、ws in the future.Unit 1Economics1.Contribute what you know about the following terms and then give examples as many as possible.Comparative advantageFree tradeText C Text AnalysisUnit 1EconomicsText C Supplementary informationDavid RicardoDavid Ricardo(1772-1823)is an English economist who gave syst

40、ematized,classical form to the rising science of economics in the 19th century.At age 27,after reading Adam Smiths The Wealth of Nations,Ricardo got very interested in economics.He wrote his first economics article at 37 and then spent the rest of his life as a professional economist.In one of his m

41、ost famous books On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation,Ricardo clearly illustrates the theory of comparative advantage.Unit 1EconomicsText C Supplementary informationAn inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations(国富论国富论)An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealt

42、h of Nations，usually abbreviated as The Wealth of Nations,is Adam Smiths masterpiece.It was first published in 1776,and is widely considered to be the first modern work in economics.Through reflection over the economics at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution the book touches upon broad topics

43、 as the division of labour,productivity and free market.Unit 1EconomicsText C Supplementary informationComparative advantageComparative advantage is an economic theory first developed by English economist David Ricardo.A person has a comparative advantage at producing something if he can produce it

44、at lower cost than anyone else.And having a comparative advantage is not the same as being the best at something.It can explain why a country might produce and export things that it doesnt seem good at producing when compared directly to another country.Unit 1Economics2.Do the translation task in Te

45、xt C.每一个精明的一家之主都知道，如果买一样东每一个精明的一家之主都知道，如果买一样东西所花的钱比在家里自己生产所花的成本要小，那西所花的钱比在家里自己生产所花的成本要小，那就永远不要尝试在家里生产。裁缝不会去做自己的就永远不要尝试在家里生产。裁缝不会去做自己的鞋子，而向鞋匠购买；鞋匠不会去做自己的衣服，鞋子，而向鞋匠购买；鞋匠不会去做自己的衣服，而雇裁缝来做；农民不会去做鞋也不想缝衣，宁愿而雇裁缝来做；农民不会去做鞋也不想缝衣，宁愿雇用不同的工匠来做。他们都会为了自身的利益而雇用不同的工匠来做。他们都会为了自身的利益而采取某种方式来利用整个产业，在这种方式里，他采取某种方式来利用整个产业

46、，在这种方式里，他们会比邻居更有优势，并用自己生产的一部分产品们会比邻居更有优势，并用自己生产的一部分产品或者相同的东西，即以一部分产品的价格来购买他或者相同的东西，即以一部分产品的价格来购买他们所需要的其它任何物品。们所需要的其它任何物品。Text C Text AnalysisUnit 1EconomicsAcademic language and discourse1.What is specialized vocabulary.?2.Do Task 1 Specialized vocabulary/Language building-up/Text A.Specialized Voca

47、bularyUnit 1EconomicsAcademic language and discourse3.Additional classroom activity:Translate the following economic terms,which appear in Texts B and C,from Chinese into English.信号传递理论 市场支配力 商品反垄断法垄断相对优势股票经纪人税收（制度）Unit 1EconomicsAcademic language and discourseSupplementary informationEffects of par

48、enthetical statementsA traditional parenthetical statement is a thought enclosed in parentheses.Brackets and dashes may also be used.According to Handbook of Effective Writing(by Walter K.Smart),the information in a parenthetical statement is not crucial to the sentence,but is related to the main st

49、atement.The following are possible functions of a parenthetical statement:Unit 1EconomicsAcademic language and discourseSupplementary informationIt allows a writer to insert extra information without creating a new sentence.The extra information may be too short to require a full sentence.Or if a fu

50、ll sentence is created for the extra information,it may cause a departure from the theme.A parenthetical statement marked by dash can in fact stand out.In other words,the obvious separation serves to emphasize the interrupter.A parenthetical statement interrupts the normal flow of a sentence,thus cr